Psychological Bases of Behavior Lesson 3 PDF

Psychological Bases of Behavior  Two Divisions of the Nervous System Nervous Nervous System System It connects the brain...

Psychological Bases of Behavior  Two Divisions of the Nervous System Nervous Nervous System System It connects the brain and spinal cord to Peripheral everything else in the Central NS body. NS Somatic Autonomic Brain Spinal Cord System System Sympathetic Parasympa- System thetic System  Neurons - The basic building block of the nervous system - Neurons perform three basic tasks: - Receive Electrochemical information - Carry - Pass on to the next neuron The brain is made up of approximately 100 billion neurons.  How do neurons work? - Neurons “fire” - send an impulse down their length - or they don’t “fire” - Neurons come in a variety of shapes, sizes, etc.  Three Types of Neurons - Sensory (afferent) neurons – collect impulse from sense organs and direct these impulses to CNS - Motor (efferent) neurons – carry impulses from CNS to muscles and glands. - Connector (interneurons) neurons – connecting neurons between sensory and motor neurons.  Synapses - The specialized junction between one neuron and another, the neuron either excites or inhibits the next neuron Reflexes - Simple, inborn, automatic responses of some parts of the body  Neurotransmitters - These are the chemical substances that connect the nervous system and behavior. - They are important because they help in monitoring the vital functions of the brain and the body.  Two Divisions of the Brain Nervous Nervous System System Peripheral Central NS NS Somatic Autonomic Brain Spinal Cord System System This includes the sensory system and motor nerves that activates skeletal Sympathetic Parasympa- muscles responsible for movements. System thetic System  Cranial Nerves - These serve the receptors and effectors of the head, it includes seeing, hearing, smell, taste, movements of eyes, tongue, jaw, and neck. Spinal Nerves - These serve the chest, trunk, and extremities. It also has sensory nerves that give rise to skin sensations.  Two Divisions of the Brain Nervous Nervous System System Also called vegetative NS, is concerned with activities of the body that make us alive- glands, internal organs, and Peripheral Central NS other organs that control our NS emotional behavior Somatic Autonomic Brain Spinal Cord System System Sympathetic Parasympa- System thetic System  Sympathetic System - It is responsible for the mobilization and expenditure of body energies, particularly to stressful emergency and threatening situations. Parasympathetic System - It calms the body after the stressful situation is resolved.  Two Divisions of the Brain Nervous Nervous System System It connects sensory and motor fibers Peripheral Central NS within the nervous NS system. Somatic Autonomic Brain Spinal Cord System System Sympathetic Parasympa- System thetic System  Spinal Cord - It serves as the connector mechanism for spinal reflexes and connecting link between the peripheral system and the brain. The Brain  1. Thalamus-serves as relay station for sensory impulses to the appropriate areas of the brain 2. Hypothalamus-plays important roles such as temperature regulation, sexual behavior, sleeping, eating, drinking, urine volume and behavioral and emotional responses. 3. Cerebrum-the seat of consciousness and of higher mental processes such as language and abstract thinking 1. Medulla oblongata-automatic activities (heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation) 2. Pons-made of nerve fibers that It serves as the connecting link between connect higher and lower NS the hindbrain and the forebrain. 3. Cerebellum-maintain posture and coordinate muscular Portions of midbrain have special role in activities like walking, writing, visual and auditory activities. and dancing Our brain plays a huge part on how we behave as humans.