Lesson 4 and 5 SS5 4th Periodical Exam.docx

1\. **Respect:** Showing admiration or consideration for someone or something. 2\. **Conservation:** Preserving, protecting, and managing natural resources. 3\. **Documentation:** Recording information in written or visual form for future reference. 4\. **Generosity:** Willingness to give freely...

1\. **Respect:** Showing admiration or consideration for someone or something. 2\. **Conservation:** Preserving, protecting, and managing natural resources. 3\. **Documentation:** Recording information in written or visual form for future reference. 4\. **Generosity:** Willingness to give freely to others without expecting anything in return. 5\. **Consensus:** Agreement among people; reaching a common decision together. 6\. **Performance:** The enactment of rituals, dances, and ceremonies, which are central to indigenous cultures for passing down traditions and connecting with spiritual realms. 7\. **Integration:** The blending of indigenous practices with other cultural or religious practices, often resulting in a syncretic belief system. 8\. **Dialogue:** Communication and discussion among community members and other cultures fosters understanding and respect for different beliefs and practices. 9\. **Rituals:** Ceremonial acts performed in indigenous cultures to honor deities, spirits, ancestors, and natural forces, often involving music, dance, and offerings. 10\. **Holism:** The belief in the interconnectedness of all aspects of life, including humans, animals, plants, and the environment, forming a unified whole. 11\. **Stewardship:** The responsibility to care for and manage the natural environment, a common principle in indigenous belief systems. 12\. **Syncretic:** The blending of different religious and cultural practices into a cohesive system, often seen in indigenous communities that have integrated elements from other faiths. 13\. **Displacement:** The forced removal of indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands, often leading to the loss of cultural and spiritual practices. 14\. **Rituals and oral traditions:** The transmission of cultural knowledge, history, and spirituality through spoken stories, songs, and ceremonies, rather than written texts. 15\. **Spiritualism:** The belief in the existence of spirits and the spiritual world, which plays a significant role in indigenous practices and worldviews. 16\. **Animism:** The belief that all objects, places, and creatures possess a distinct spiritual essence, a common concept in many indigenous religions. 17\. **Indigenous:** Refers to the original inhabitants of a region and their descendants, who maintain cultural practices and beliefs distinct from those of colonizing or dominant societies. 18\. **Mayas of Central America:** An indigenous people of Central America known for their ancient civilization, complex calendar systems, and spiritual beliefs. 19\. **Lumad people in Mindanao:** Indigenous ethnic groups in Mindanao, Philippines, with distinct cultures, languages, and spiritual practices. 20\. **Gye Nyame:** A symbol from the Akan people of Ghana, representing the supremacy of God and often used in various cultural and spiritual contexts. 21\. **Indigenous religions:** The spiritual practices and beliefs of indigenous peoples, characterized by a close relationship with nature, ancestors, and a pantheon of deities or spirits. Lesson 5: Judaism 1\. **Menorah:** A candelabrum with seven branches used in Jewish worship and symbolizing the burning bush seen by Moses on Mount Sinai. 2\. **Yom Kippur:** A solemn Jewish holiday that focuses on atonement and repentance. 3\. **Shema:** A central prayer in Judaism declaring the belief in one God. 4\. **Rosh Hashanah:** The Jewish New Year festival marking the beginning of ten days of penitence leading up to Yom Kippur. 5\. **Hanukkah:** The Festival of Lights commemorates the rededication of the Second Temple after victory over the Seleucid Empire. 6\. **Shabbat:** The weekly day of rest observed from Friday evening until Saturday night as commanded by God. 7\. **Abraham:** The founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites, Edomites, and Midianites. He is considered a prophet in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. 8\. **Isaiah:** A major prophet in the Hebrew Bible, known for his prophecies about the coming of the Messiah and the future of Israel. 9\. **Esther:** A Jewish queen of Persia who, according to the Hebrew Bible, saved the Jewish people from a plot to annihilate them, commemorated in the festival of Purim. 10\. **Torah:** The central reference of the religious Judaic tradition, consisting of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). 11\. **Fundamental:** In the context of Judaism, this refers to the basic principles and core beliefs that form the foundation of the Jewish faith. 12\. **Harvest:** In Judaism, it is associated with festivals such as Sukkot, which is a celebration of the gathering of the harvest and commemorates the Israelites\' 40 years in the desert. 13\. **Symbol:** In Judaism, symbols such as the Star of David, the menorah, and the mezuzah hold significant religious and cultural meanings. 14\. **Hebrew:** The ancient language of the Jewish people, in which the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) is written and is used in Jewish prayer and religious study. 15\. **Prayer:** A vital practice in Judaism, involving communication with God. Key players include the Amidah and the Shema. 16\. **Population:** Refers to the Jewish population worldwide, including significant communities in Israel and the United States, among other countries. 17\. **Different:** This term highlights the diversity within Judaism, including various movements such as Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and others. 18\. **Commentary:** Jewish religious texts include extensive commentaries on the Torah and Talmud, such as those by Rashi and Maimonides, which interpret and expound upon the scriptures. 19\. **Judaism:** The monotheistic religion of the Jewish people, based on the teachings of the Torah and later rabbinic texts. 20\. **Jews:** The ethnic and religious group that follows Judaism, historically descending from the ancient Israelites and Hebrews of the Bible.