Lesson 3 Getting Started Qualitative Research PDF

MR. STEPHEN B. BAJANDE Instructor, Practical Research 1  The learner describes characteristics, strengths, Learning weaknesses, and kinds Competencies of qualitative research illustrates the importance...

MR. STEPHEN B. BAJANDE Instructor, Practical Research 1  The learner describes characteristics, strengths, Learning weaknesses, and kinds Competencies of qualitative research illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields QUALITATIVE RESEARCH An empirical process of solving problems using data obtained from in-depth observation and interviews from a group of people or set of documents Investigates the quality of relationship, activities, situations or materials (Fraenkel and Wallen, 2010). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Setting - direct source of information Researcher - big role in the entire research process Subjective - highly dependent on the participants’ point of view Ideasand meanings - interpreted to form generalizations and theory  CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  1. The researcher has an important role in qualitative research.  Researcher – primary observer / keen observer  2. Qualitative data are gathered and presented in a form of words, descriptions, pictures or meanings, and not in numbers.  3.Qualitative research is concerned with the process involved.  Qualitative research offers a wide array of designs  CHARACTERISTICS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH 4.Inductive reasoning is largely used in analyzing qualitative data. 5. Qualitative researcher is concerned with meanings and interpretations. STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Inqualitative research, issues can be examined with greater detail and depth. Research instruments can be made flexible based on information that has recently surfaced. The research framework and direction can be quickly revised as new information emerges. STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Resultsgenerated are largely from human experiences and observations. Subtletiesand complexities about the research subjects and/or topic are discovered that are often missed by more positivistic enquiries. STRENGTHS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Data usually are collected from a few cases or individuals so findings cannot be generalized to a larger population. Findings can however be transferable to another setting. LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH  Heavily dependent on the individual skills of researcher  May be influenced by the researcher’s personal biases and idiosyncrasies  Rigor is difficult to maintain, assess and demonstrate  Volume of data - time consuming (analysis and interpretation)  Not as understood and accepted in the scientific community LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Researcher’s presence may affect subject’s responses Issueson the anonymity and confidentiality in presentation of the study Findings- more difficult and time consuming (characterizing in a visual way) QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS CASE STUDY – Long time study of a person, group, organization or situation and an empirical inquiry that investigates current phenomenon. Example: “Teenage Pregnancy in the Public High Schools” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS ETHNOGRAPHY – a study of a particular cultural group. Example:“Cultural Awareness and Integration of Peace Education in the Indigenous Peoples (IP) Communities” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS PHENOMENOLOGY – explores the world of participants by gaining thoughts, insights, and perceptions to a particular phenomenon “live-experienced” of a phenomenon. Example: “Life without Gadgets” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS  CONTENT and DISCOURSE ANALYSIS  Content Analysis- is a research technique that analyzes the modes of communication such as letters, e-mails etc.  Discourse Analysis-is the study of social life, understood through analysis of language it includes face-to-face talk, non-verbal interaction, images and symbols.  Example: “A Discourse Analysis on the Impact of Modern Technologies on Communication” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS HISTORICAL ANALYSIS isa qualitative method where there is an examining of past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. Example: “The Impact of Ferdinand Marcos’ Speech” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN GROUNDED THEORY – generates a theory from the data which are analyzed and interpreted inductively It is employed if there is no theory to explain a particular phenomenon or process Example: “The Story Behind the Migration of Christians from Visayas and Luzon to Mindanao” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN NARRATIVE REPORT – The main purpose of a narrative report is to present a factual depiction of what has occurred. Example: “Vocabulary Building of Students through Proper Solid Waste Management” QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN BIOGRAPHY– is the study of an individual’s life and struggles and how they reflect cultural themes of the society. It deals with an interesting story found in documents and archival materials. It is concerned with the reconstruction of life histories and the constitution of meaning based on biographical narratives and documents. 5 COMMON TYPES OF BIOGRAPHY  (1) Scholarly Chronicles -focus on the historical portrayal of an individual life. e.g. “Biography of Cory Aquino, the First Woman President of the Philippines”  (2) Intellectual Biography- narrative of a life through the conceptual analysis of the subject’s motives and beliefs within the world of ideas. e.g. “Life and Works of Dr. Jose Rizal”  (3) Life History Writing- recording of life memories, experiences, whether one’s or another’s. e.g. “The Hardships of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s)”.  (4) Memoir Biography- stylistic presentation of the biographer’s reflections and insights in relation to the factual account of life. e.g. “The Experiences of Stranded Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic”  (5) Narrative Biography-a nonfiction account of life experiences of a person. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN ACTION RESEARCH-is a classroom-based or school- based research seeks transformative change through the process of taking an action and doing research, which are linked together by critical reflection. This type of research is commonly conducted by the teachers to give solutions to the existing problems to improve students’ academic performance and positive attitudes. THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN VARIOUS FIELDS OF STUDY IN EDUCATION IT NAVIGATES TOWARDS THE IMPROVEMENT OF PERFORMANCE IN EDUCATION. IN TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION IT CAN ALSO BE USED IN STUDYING THE EFFECTIVE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE WORKPLACE TO ENSURE A SMOOTH FLOW OF COMMUNICATION. IN PSYCHOLOGY UNDERSTANDING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND HOW THEY AFFECT SOCIETY IS THE CONTRIBUTION OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. IN SOCIAL WORK STUDYING PEOPLE’S EXPERIENCES ESPECIALLY WHAT THEY FOUND TRAUMATIC AND PAINFUL  IN ADVERTISING THE STATED CONNECTION OF UNDERSTANDING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN ADVERTISING AND CONSUMERS’ PREFERENCES CAN BE EXPLAINED THROUGH QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. IN MARKETING MARKETING STRATEGIES ARE IMPROVED FOR BETTER RETURN OF INVESTMENT. IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS CAN COLLECT RELIABLE INFORMATION AND COME TO A DECISION OF IMPROVING THEIR WAYS AND PROCESSES.   a. Interactive  c. Observation- interviewing- descriptive people asked to observations of verbally verbal and non- described their verbal behavior 3 MAIN METHODS experiences of phenomenon IN DATA COLLECTION IN A  b. Written QUALITATIVE descriptions by participant- RESEARCH people asked to write descriptions of their experiences  1. Identification of the phenomenon to be studied 2. Development of QUALITATIVE theoretical framework RESEARCH 3. Identification of the PROCESS / STEPS participants in the study 4. Data Collection 5. Data Analysis 6. Interpretations and Conclusions THANK YOU!