Evolution of Life on Earth (Lesson 3) PDF

6. Genetic engineering is employed to enhance the nutritional content of crops. A. Biofortification B. Herbicide Resistance C. Insulin Production D. Monoclonal Antibodies 7. Vital for various medical treatments, are produced using recombinant DNA technology. These antibodies can...

6. Genetic engineering is employed to enhance the nutritional content of crops. A. Biofortification B. Herbicide Resistance C. Insulin Production D. Monoclonal Antibodies 7. Vital for various medical treatments, are produced using recombinant DNA technology. These antibodies can be designed to target specific diseases, such as cancer. A. Biofortification B. Herbicide Resistance C. Insulin Production D. Monoclonal Antibodies 8. Recombinant DNA technology is employed for the detection of various substances, aiding in medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. A. Biosensors B. Bioremediation C. Insulin Production D. Monoclonal Antibodies 9. Engineered microorganisms can be used for breaking down pollutants in soil and water. A. Biosensors B. Bioremediation C. Insulin Production D. Monoclonal Antibodies 10. All of the following are the application of recombinant DNA in the field of Agriculture, EXCEPT A. Virus resistance B. Insect resistance C. Herbicide Resistance D. Monoclonal Antibodies LET US CHECK How would you describe Earth millions of years ago? Group Activity: “Imagine Me” Directions: Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid. Group Activity: “Imagine Me” Directions: Using the readings below illustrate what is asked in the grid. Guide Question 1.What gases were present in Earth's atmosphere during its early history? 2. Why was there no oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere? 3. What are protocells, and how did they contribute to the origin of life? 4. What role did proteins, purines, pyrimidines, sugar, and phosphate groups play in the development of early life? 5. What are stromatolites, and why are they significant in the study of early life on Earth? 6. What is the significance of photosynthesis in early organisms, and how did it change the atmosphere? 7. How did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve according to the Endosymbiotic Theory?  PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS THE EARLY EARTH  The atmosphere during this time was consisted of ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and nitrogen (N₂)  Water molecules and vapors were formed in the atmosphere at the same time continuous  wrinkling and folding of the earth crust occurred. Rain started to pour heavily, forming  the first seas and oceans. The dissolved gasses in the atmosphere were washed off  into the sea making the sea water salty.  PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS THE EARLY EARTH  wrinkling and folding of the earth crust occurred. Rain started to pour heavily, forming the first seas and oceans.  The dissolved gasses in the atmosphere were washed off into the sea making the sea water salty. PRIMITIVE LIFE FORMS Early life forms were discovered through the analysis of fossil evidence by radioactive dating. Radioactive active isotopes in the rock surrounding the fossil can estimate the actual age of fossils. Paleontologists who study fossil evidence to determine the fossil’s age utilize the two most used methods named as: potassium argon dating and radioactive dating.  Prokaryotes Stromatolite -the oldest fossils characterized by fossilized layered mats of prokaryotic cells. The first prokaryotes are heterotrophic that continue to release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they reproduce Due to the occurrence of genetic variability the first autotrophs evolved which can synthesize their own food using light energy from the sun but cannot produce oxygen. These organisms later develop photosynthetic process enable them to release oxygen into the water and into the atmosphere like that of the modern plants  Eukaryotes The evolution of eukaryotes was supported by Endosymbiotic Theory or endosymbiosis.  According to this theory mitochondria is the descendant of early aerobic prokaryotes and chloroplasts of the primitive cyanobacteria.  Larger cells that engulfed these aerobic prokaryotes and primitive cyanobacteria became dependent for their physiological needs. Change in appearance and function of the first eukaryote from prokaryotic feature enable the development of multicellular organisms. 1. How would you describe Earth millions of years ago? 2. How did scientists determine the age of the Earth? The Geologic Time Scale GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE EON – the largest division of geologic time scale; half billion – nearly 2 billions of years. Phanerozoic Precambrian ERA – division that span time periods of tens to hundreds of millions of years Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era MESOZOIC ERA Middle Life; started more than 280 million years ago “ERA OF DINOSAURS”  JURASSIC PERIOD The Golden Age of Dinosaurs earliest birds evolved from reptile ancestors All the major group of mammals evolved, though individual mammals were still ARCHAEOPTERYX small in size Flowering plants appeared for the first time, and new insects also evolved to pollinate the flowers  Dinosaurs reached their peak in size CRETACEOUS PERIOD and distribution. Earth’s overall Tyrannosaurus rex climate was warm; By the end of the Cretaceous, the even the poles continents were close to their present lacked ice. location. This period ended with the dramatic extinction of the dinosaura  TERTIARY PERIOD (65 – 1.8 million years ago).  Earth’s climate was generally warm and humid  Many mammals increased in size  Mammals called primates evolved, including human ancestors  Modern rain forest and grasslands appeared  Flowering plants and insects were numerous and widespread. Quaternary Period – (1.8 million years ago – present)  Earth’s climate cooled, leading to a series of ice ages. This created land bridges between continents, allowing land animals to move to new areas.  Some mammals, like the wooly mammoths shown here, adapted to the cold by evolving very large size and thick fur.  Did dinosaurs exist at the same time as humans? ? 2. The __________was an era dominated by dinosaurs. A.Cenozoic B.Mesozoic C.Paleozoic D.Precambrian ? ? ? ASSIGNMENT Create a poster of the history of life on Earth. It will be scored using a rubric. Work on your poster in a legal-size paper using coloring materials