Lesson 2- Philosophical Tools and Processes - Hand outs.pptx

1. What is friendship? 2. How can we change the world for the better? 3. Should we eat meat? 4. Can you describe colours? 5. How do you think your life is different from another animal’s life? 6. What is freedom? 7. What is good and what is evil? 8. What is luck and do you believe in it? 9. Should w...

1. What is friendship? 2. How can we change the world for the better? 3. Should we eat meat? 4. Can you describe colours? 5. How do you think your life is different from another animal’s life? 6. What is freedom? 7. What is good and what is evil? 8. What is luck and do you believe in it? 9. Should we travel into space? 10. Why do we dream?  Lesson 2: PHILOSOPHICAL TOOLS AND PROCESSES REASON is used to arrive in a certain truth. a. Philosophical Questions – “Philosophy is born because of “IGNORANCE” HILOSOPHER is like a CH o has an INQUISITIVE MIN who never stops asking stions and finding answ INDS OF QUESTIONING 1. SIMPLE QUESTIONS What is this? What does this do? Is this delicious? INFLUENCEF BY CURIOSITY AND SENSE OF WONDER INDS OF QUESTIONING 2. SERIOUS QUESTIONS Why do we have to study? What should I do to achieve my goals in life? What can I do to be better? INFLUENCED BY OUR CIRCUMSTANCES AND EXPERIENCES INDS OF QUESTIONING 2. DEEP QUESTIONS Where can we find true happiness? Why do people suffer? Is love worth giving up everything? INFLUENCED TO SEARCH FOR A MEANINGFUL ANSWERS SOCRATIC DIALOG DIALECTIC METHOD The dialectical method is the method of discussion that refers to coming up with answers through the medium of the logical and reasonable discourse of arguments, keeping in mind that no disrespectful arguments are made; it is a discussion between different entities about their point of view. KARL MARX LOGICAL REASONING a form of thinking in which premises and relations between premises are used strictly to infer conclusions that are entailed (or implied) by the premises and the relations. if the statement is everything outside is wet because it is raining and a person realizes he left his shoes outside, logical reasoning would reach the conclusion that his shoes are wet TYPES OF LOGICAL REASONING 1. INDUCTIVE REASONING a method of concluding by going from the specific to the general. If we are promised the same outcome repeatedly, but they do not come true, we do not believe the promises. In rainy days, crops grow. Hence we do not plant during warm days. TYPES OF LOGICAL REASONING 2. DEDUCTIVE REASONING a method of concluding by going from the GENERAL to SPECIFIC. When you see smoke coming from a house, you can deduce that there is likely a fire inside. The general rule is that smoke indicates the presence of fire, so you can apply this to the specific observation to reach the conclusion. When you hear the sound of a baby crying, you can deduce that the baby is likely hungry, tired, or in distress. The general rule is that a crying baby indicates one of these needs, which you then apply to the specific observation. TYPES OF LOGICAL REASONING 3. ABDUCTIVE REASONING making a probable conclusion from what you know.. You wake up in the morning, and you head downstairs. In the kitchen there's a plate on the table, and a bowl with a little milk left in it. You abduce that the explanation for this is that your housemate awoke before you, had their breakfast, and left