Q1-W2-Lesson 1.2 Philosophical Tools & Processes PDF

LET’S RECALL! GAME KA NA BA?  What tool is used to magnify small objects observe an object at the cellular level, allowing scientists to see the shape of a cell, its nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles? ANSWER: MICROSCOPE What tool is used as a light...

LET’S RECALL! GAME KA NA BA?  What tool is used to magnify small objects observe an object at the cellular level, allowing scientists to see the shape of a cell, its nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles? ANSWER: MICROSCOPE What tool is used as a light source outdoors, in places without permanently installed lighting, during power outages, or when a portable light source is needed? ANSWER: FLASHLIGHT  What term is used to describe the process in the water cycle where the surface of a liquid transforms into a gas? ANSWER: EVAPORATION What tool or device is described as a three- legged stand designed to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment? ANSWER: TRIPOD  What tool is used to measure electrical voltage, current, and resistance. ANSWER: MULTIMETER  Lesson 2 - Philosophical Tools and Processes  Learning Competency/ies: PPT11/12-Ib-1.2 Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective on life  Objectives: 1. Differentiate the different philosophical tools and processes 2. Explain the significance of using philosophical tools and processes in doing philosophy. ▫ Philosophy uses reason to arrive at a certain knowledge or truth. ▫ Greek philosophers gave us how to use our intellect to understand realities around us. The tools that they frequently utilized are the following: 1. Philosophical Questions. Philosophy was born because of ignorance. If one is ignorant, he asks questions and if he keeps on questioning the more knowledge he acquires.  3 ❑ In our daily struggles, one needs to ask questions simple, serious and deep questions that we have to cope with. ❑ A philosopher is like a child who has an inquisitive mind who never stops asking questions and finding answers.  4 ▫ Simple Questions (influenced by curiosity and sense of wonder): 1.What is this? 2.What does this do? 3.What’s your favorite movie? 4.How was you day at school?  5 ▫ Serious Questions (influenced by our experiences and circumstances): 1.What are your thoughts on climate change and its impact on future generations? 2.How do I deal with difficult people? 3.How do you feel about the current state of healthcare in our country?  6 ▫ Deep Questions (influenced to search for meaningful answers): 1. Where can one find true happiness? 2. Why do good people suffer? 3. What can we do to make the world a better place? 4. Why do I have to be a good person? 5. Is love worth giving up everything? 6. Do humans have free will, or are our actions determined by external factors?  7 ▫Socrates is considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times. ▫ He is known for Socratic Method, an argumentative dialogue between individuals, of cooperative form based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw out ideas and underlying assumptions.  8 Dialectics -term used to describe a method of philosophical argument that involves some sort of contradictory process between opposing sides. (Example: extension of MECQ or imposing GCQ; life imprisonment or death penalty) As a dialectical method, it is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.  9 2. Logical Reasoning. In philosophy reasoning is the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgement. Reasoning is the method we use in doing philosophy. All branches of philosophy employ reasoning in explaining their arguments.  Musical Instruments  10 ▫ One type of logical reasoning is the deductive reasoning: Example: (Another ex. Mammals) Premise 1: All human beings are mortal Premise 2: But the President of the Philippines is a human being Conclusion: Therefore, the President of the Philippines is mortal. DEDUCTIVE- General/ Universal argument to Specific/ Particular argument- Conclusion  Example: All students in this class play guitar. Sam is a student of this class. Therefore, Sam plays guitar.  Musical Instruments  11 Inductive reasoning: begins with a particular/ specific statement to universal/general argument Example: (Another ex. Swan and Spicy Food) Premise: Student A, B, C, D, E, F….. are wearing School ID. Conclusion: Therefore, All students are wearing ID INDUCTIVE- Particular/ Specific argument to General/ Universal argument- Conclusion  Example: Every quiz has been easy. Therefore, the test will be easy.  Comprehension Check You engage in a philosophical dialogue with a colleague, exploring opposing viewpoints and seeking a deeper understanding of the topic. Which philosophical process is a the core of this conversation? A. Simple questions B. Deductive reasoning C. Dialectic D. Serious questions ANSWER: C. DIALECTIC