Lesson 1-Temperature-1.ppt

Vital Signs Assessing Temperature Anjanette S. De Leon, MAN, MAEd,RN Erljohn Gomez, MAN,RN  Vital Signs Temperature  The core body temperature, measured internally, is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and fluctuates approximately 1°C over the course of the day.  The body temperature is simply a...

Vital Signs Assessing Temperature Anjanette S. De Leon, MAN, MAEd,RN Erljohn Gomez, MAN,RN  Vital Signs Temperature  The core body temperature, measured internally, is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and fluctuates approximately 1°C over the course of the day.  The body temperature is simply a measurement of how hot the body is. The body temperature can be measured from several different areas of the body. (Carter, 2012)  It is lowest in the early morning and highest in the afternoon and evening. Women have a wider range of normal temperature than men.53 Vital Signs- Assessing Temperature Definition of Terms  Body temperature is the balance between heat produce and heat lost by the body  Fever (Pyrexia) is when body temperature is elevated, has fever (lay terms)  Hyperpyrexia when temperature is at 41C  Afebrile is when body temperature is normal, without fever  Hypothermia-refers to an abnormally low temperature, below 35°C (95°F) rectally. VITAL SIGNS-Assesing Temperature Types of Fever  Intermittent – temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures  Remittent – wide temperature fluctuation (more than 2C) occurs over the 24hr period all of which is above normal  Relapsing – short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature  Constant – the body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remain above normal Assessing Temperature PROCESS OF HEAT LOSS IS DONE THROUGH Radiation – surface to surface by waves Conduction – contact between 2 surfaces Convection – movement by air currents or fluid Evaporation – water to steam Elimination – urination, defecation Factors that might alter core body temperature  Infection  Metabolism  Age  Trauma such as surgery or crush injuries  Temperature of the environment  Malignancy  Diurnal variations (circadian rhythms)  Drug reactions, and immune disorders  Amount of exercise  Hormones Vital Signs- Assesing Temperature Variation in Temperature Measurement  Oral temperatures are generally lower than the core body temperature. They are also lower than rectal temperatures by an average of 0.4 to 0.5°C (0.7 to 0.9°F), and higher than axillary temperatures by approximately 1°.  Axillary temperatures take 5 to 10 minutes to register and are considered less accurate than other measurements. Vital Signs- Assesing Temperature Variation in Temperature Measurement  Tympanic membrane temperatures can be more variable than oral or rectal temperatures. In adults, oral and temporal artery temperatures correlate more closely with the pulmonary artery temperature, but are about 0.5°C lower. Different types of Thermometer or Temperature Measurement ORAL Temperature measurement AXILLARY temperature measurement TEMPORAL temperature measurement RECTAL temperature measurement  Advantages & Disadvantages of Four Sites for Body Temperature Measurement SITE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ORAL Accessible and Glass thermometers can break if bitten(No convenient longer used in the hospitals) Inaccurate if client has just ingested hot or cold food or fluid or smoked Could injure the mouth following oral surgery CONTRAINDICATIONS: Infants and very young children Patients with oral surgery Unconscious or irrational patients Seizure-prone patients Mouth breathers and pts. with oxygen  Advantages & Disadvantages of Four Sites for Body Temperature Measurement ADVANTAGES SITE DISADVANTAGES AXILLARY Safe and non- The thermometer must be left in place a long invasive time to obtain an accurate measurement TYMPANIC Readily Can be uncomfortable and involves risk of injuring MEMBRANE accessible; the membrane if the probe is inserted too far reflects the core temperature. Repeated measurements may vary. Right and left Very fast. measurements can differ. Presence of cerumen can affect the reading CONTRAINDICATIONS: Presence of ear ache Significant ear drainage Scarred tympanic membrane Sleeping with the head turned on one side VITAL SIGNS-Assessing Temperature Temparature Routes and Normal Ranges Temperature 0-2 Year (F) 3-10 Years(F) 11-65 65 and route and Years(F) Older(F) Normal Ranges ORAL n/a 95.9-99.5 97.6-99.6 96.4-98.5 Tympanic 97.5-100.4 97-100 96.6-99.7 96.4-99.5 Membrane Rectal 97.9-100.4 97.9-100.4 98.6-100.6 97.1-99.2 Axillary 94.5-99.1 96.6-98.0 95.3-98.4 96-97.4 Temporal and 97.9-110.7 97.9-100.3 97.9-100.1 97.9-100.1 No touch Core 97.5-100.0 97.5-100 98.2-100.2 96.8-98.8 BATES et al(2022) VITAL SIGNS-Assesing Temperature Conversion Celsius to Fahrenheit and vice versa  Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius Formula: C = (F – 32) X 5/9 Example: F reading = 100 C = (100 – 32) X 5/9 = (68) X.555556 C = 37.7  Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula: F = (C X 9/5) + 32 Example: C reading = 40 F = (40 X 9/5) + 32 F = (72) + 32 F = 104 You can be just like a thermometer, reflecting the world around you. Or you can be a thermostat, one of those people who sets temperature! (CoryBooker) Thank you!