Teach Lesson Plan Manual For Herlihy's The Human Body In Health And Illness 6th Edition PDF

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness 6 edition th Chapter 7 Integumentary System and Body Temperature Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Lesson 7.1 Integumentar...

TEACH Lesson Plan Manual for Herlihy’s The Human Body in Health and Illness 6 edition th Chapter 7 Integumentary System and Body Temperature Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Lesson 7.1 Integumentary System and Body Temperature 1. List seven functions of the skin. 2. Discuss the structure of the skin, including: Describe the two layers of skin: the epidermis and the dermis. DeDne stratum germinativum and stratum corneum. List the two major functions of the subcutaneous layer. 3. List the factors the inGuence the color of the skin. 2 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Lesson 7.1 Integumentary System and Body Temperature, cont’d 4. Describe the accessory structures of the skin: hair, nails, and glands. 5. DeDne thermoregulation and describe the way that the body conserves and loses heat. 6. DiLerentiate between insensible and sensible perspiration. 3 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Functions of the Integumentary System  Serves as mechanical barrier  Protects internal structures  Participates in the immune response  Acts as a gland for vitamin D synthesis  Performs excretory function  Performs sensory role  Helps regulate body temperature 4 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Structure of the Skin  Layers  Epidermis  Dermis  Subcutaneous  Accessory structures 5 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Layers of the Skin: Epidermis  Stratum germinativum (deeper); cells continuously dividing and moving toward surface  Stratum corneum (surface layer); composed of dead, Gattened cells that slough oL  Keratinization: the protein keratin makes skin cells hard, Gat, and water resistant 6 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Layers of the Skin: Dermis  Lies under and supports the epidermis  Sits on the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis  Embedded with accessory structures  Includes blood vessels that nourish epidermis 7 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  The Skin Tells a Story  ReGects disease processes of the body  Drug reactions reGected in skin changes  The skin responds to chronic irritation  The skin mirrors your stress level 8 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Subcutaneous Layer: Hypodermis  Tissue that lies beneath skin  Highly vascularized  Two main roles:  Its fat insulates body from extreme temperature changes  Its connective tissue anchors the skin to underlying structures 9 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  The Skin, Drugs, and Chemicals  Skin can absorb many chemicals  Drug delivery systems  Hypodermic injections  Transdermal patches  Intradermal injections (allergy testing)  Topical applications  Danger of absorption of toxins 10 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Skin Color  Determined by genes, physiology, and sometimes pathology  Dark pigment: Melanin  Secreted by melanocytes in the epidermis  Melanocyte malfunctions: Albinism, vitiligo, moles  Yellow pigment: Carotene  Presence of melanin overshadows carotene’s tint in most people 11 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Skin Color, cont’d  Physiological changes  Blushing: Blood vessel dilation  Pallor: Blood vessel constriction  Pathological changes  Cyanosis or bluish tint: Poor oxygenation  Jaundice or yellowing: Bilirubin deposition  Bronzing: Melanin overproduction  Ecchymosis: Black and blue bruising 12 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Accessory Structures: Hair  Functions: Detect insects, protect eyes, keep dust out of lungs  Hormones aLect growth  Melanin inGuences color  Hair arises in epidermis  Cosmetic role 13 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Accessory Structures: Nails  Made up of free edge, nail body, and nail root  Lunula: Shows nail growth  Protect tips of Dngers and toes from injury  Conditions aLected by oxygenation of blood supply, trauma, and nutritional deDciencies 14 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Accessory Structures: Glands  Sebaceous glands  Oil glands  Secrete sebum  Sudoriferous  Sweat glands 15 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Sudoriferous Glands  Apocrine glands: Usually associated with hair follicles; more active at puberty  Eccrine glands: Critical for temperature regulation  Types of modiDed sweat glands:  Mammary glands: Secrete milk  Ceruminous glands: Secrete ear wax (cerumen) 16 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Body Temperature: Key Terms  Core temperature: The inner parts of the body  Shell temperature: The surface areas of the body  Thermoregulation: Balance of heat production and heat loss 17 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Heat Production  Metabolism: Basis of body temperature  Blood disperses heat throughout the body  Most heat is produced by muscles, the liver, and endocrine glands  ALected by food consumption, hormones, disease, and physical activity 18 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Heat Loss  Sites: Skin (80%), lungs, and excretory products (20%)  Types:  Radiation  Conduction  Convection  Evaporation 19 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Temperature Regulation  Hypothalamus  Heat lost by: Dilation of blood vessels Sweating  Heat conserved by: Shivering Blood vessel constriction Less sweat 20 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Newborns and Body Temperature  Lose more heat than they produce  Large surface area  Large bald head  Less insulation  Must rely on nonshivering thermogenesis: metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT)  Have limited capacity to dissipate heat 21 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Thermostat  Normothermia  Pyrexia  Hyperthermia  Hypothermia 22 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Burns: ClassiDed by Depth  Partial thickness burns  First-degree  Second-degree  Full-thickness burn  Third-degree 23 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Burns: ClassiDed by Extent  “Rule of nines”  Eschar  Acts like a tourniquet  Breeds bacteria  Secretes toxins 24 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Skin Care  All ages:  Reduce exposure to UV radiation Causes irreversible skin damage Particularly important in older ages 25 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.  Questions? 26 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.