Vital Signs: Assessing Temperature
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Questions and Answers

What is an advantage of tympanic membrane temperature measurement?

  • It is the most accurate method of temperature measurement
  • It is a non-invasive method
  • It is a safe method that requires minimal training
  • It provides a fast measurement (correct)

What is a contraindication for tympanic membrane temperature measurement?

  • Presence of ear ache (correct)
  • High blood pressure
  • Age less than 3 years
  • Presence of cerumen in the ear

What is the normal temperature range for an axillary temperature measurement in a 3-10 year old child?

  • 97.5-100.4°F
  • 96.6-98.0°F (correct)
  • 98.6-100.6°F
  • 95.9-99.5°F

What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?

<p>C = (F – 32) X 5/9 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of axillary temperature measurement?

<p>It is a safe and non-invasive method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal temperature range for a rectal temperature measurement in a 65-year-old adult?

<p>97.1-99.2°F (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of tympanic membrane temperature measurement?

<p>It can be uncomfortable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

<p>F = (C X 9/5) + 32 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal fluctuation of the core body temperature over the course of the day?

<p>1°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an abnormally low body temperature, below 35°C (95°F) rectally?

<p>Hypothermia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of heat loss through movement by air currents or fluid?

<p>Convection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can alter core body temperature?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a body temperature that is elevated, but not extremely high?

<p>Fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of fever characterized by wide temperature fluctuations, more than 2°C over the 24-hour period, all of which are above normal?

<p>Remittent fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of body temperature for women?

<p>Wider than men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are oral temperatures generally lower than the core body temperature?

<p>Because of the measurement site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between oral and axillary temperatures?

<p>1°C lower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are oral temperatures considered inaccurate?

<p>If the patient has just ingested hot or cold food or fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for oral temperature measurement?

<p>Patients with oral surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of oral temperature measurement?

<p>It is convenient and accessible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of tympanic membrane temperatures?

<p>They are more variable than oral or rectal temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What correlates more closely with pulmonary artery temperature?

<p>Oral and temporal artery temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using glass thermometers for oral temperature measurement?

<p>They can break if bitten (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are axillary temperatures considered less accurate?

<p>They take 5 to 10 minutes to register (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Temperature Measurement

  • Core body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and fluctuates around 1°C over the course of the day.
  • Body temperature can be measured from several different areas of the body.
  • Women have a wider range of normal temperature than men.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Four Sites for Body Temperature Measurement

Axillary

  • Advantages: safe and non-invasive
  • Disadvantages: thermometer must be left in place for a long time to obtain an accurate measurement

Tympanic Membrane

  • Advantages: readily accessible; reflects the core temperature
  • Disadvantages: can be uncomfortable; involves risk of injuring the membrane if the probe is inserted too far; repeated measurements may vary; presence of cerumen can affect the reading
  • Contraindications: presence of earache, significant ear drainage, scarred tympanic membrane, sleeping with the head turned on one side

Oral

  • Advantages: accessible and convenient
  • Disadvantages: glass thermometers can break if bitten; inaccurate if client has just ingested hot or cold food or fluid or smoked; could injure the mouth following oral surgery
  • Contraindications: infants and very young children, patients with oral surgery, unconscious or irrational patients, seizure-prone patients, mouth breathers

Rectal

  • No specific advantages or disadvantages mentioned

Temporal and No-Touch

  • No specific advantages or disadvantages mentioned

Normal Ranges of Temperature

  • Oral: 95.9-99.5°F (3-10 years), 97.6-99.6°F (11-65 years), 96.4-98.5°F (65 years and older)
  • Tympanic Membrane: 97.5-100.4°F (0-2 years), 97-100°F (3-10 years), 96.6-99.7°F (11-65 years), 96.4-99.5°F (65 years and older)
  • Rectal: 97.9-100.4°F (0-2 years), 97.9-100.4°F (3-10 years), 98.6-100.6°F (11-65 years), 97.1-99.2°F (65 years and older)
  • Axillary: 94.5-99.1°F (0-2 years), 96.6-98.0°F (3-10 years), 95.3-98.4°F (11-65 years), 96-97.4°F (65 years and older)
  • Temporal and No-Touch: 97.9-110.7°F (0-2 years), 97.9-100.3°F (3-10 years), 97.9-100.1°F (11-65 years), 97.9-100.1°F (65 years and older)
  • Core: 97.5-100.0°F (0-2 years), 97.5-100°F (3-10 years), 98.2-100.2°F (11-65 years), 96.8-98.8°F (65 years and older)

Conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit and Vice Versa

  • Formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: C = (F – 32) × 5/9
  • Formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: F = (C × 9/5) + 32

Definition of Terms

  • Body temperature: the balance between heat produced and heat lost by the body
  • Fever (Pyrexia): elevated body temperature
  • Hyperpyrexia: body temperature above 41°C
  • Afebrile: normal body temperature, without fever
  • Hypothermia: abnormally low body temperature, below 35°C rectally

Types of Fever

  • Intermittent: temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures
  • Remittent: wide temperature fluctuation (more than 2°C) occurs over the 24-hour period, all of which is above normal
  • Relapsing: short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature
  • Constant: body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal

Process of Heat Loss

  • Radiation: surface to surface by waves
  • Conduction: contact between 2 surfaces
  • Convection: movement by air currents or fluid
  • Evaporation: water to steam
  • Elimination: urination, defecation

Factors that Might Alter Core Body Temperature

  • Infection
  • Metabolism
  • Age
  • Temperature of the environment
  • Diurnal variations (circadian rhythms)
  • Malignancy
  • Trauma such as surgery or crush injuries
  • Drug reactions
  • Immune disorders
  • Amount of exercise
  • Hormones

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Lesson 1-Temperature-1.ppt

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This quiz covers the fundamentals of body temperature, its measurement, and its fluctuations throughout the day.

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