Motor Abilities Lecture Notes PDF

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Review from last class functionanearinfraredspectroscopy l Search the words below for the labels corresponding to the neurophysiology techniques shown in the pictures. transcran electro imaging ial transcran functiona electro magnetic ial l stimulati magnetic on stimulati near on encephalogra electro phy electro myograp encephalogra magnetic hy phy spectroscopy resonanc e infrared functiona myograp functiona magnetic l hy l resonanc imaging 1  KIN 280 – Motor control and Learning Motor Abilities Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies University of Regina, Regina, SK Right now 2 Motor Abilities 7 Simple Steps to Shooting Like Curry Why are some individuals better than others at learning and performing motor skills? 3 http://elitelevelhoops.com/how-to-shoot-a-basketball-like-stephen-curry-7- Motor Abilities Learning Outcomes: Define the term motor ability, and distinguish it from the term motor skill Explain the difference between the General Motor Ability and the Specificity of Motor Abilities hypotheses Apply understanding of the Specificity of Motor Abilities hypothesis in a practical setting 4 Motor Abilities Ability: a general capacity of an individual that is a relatively enduring characteristic that serves as a determinant of a person’s achievement potential for the performance of specific skills Motor ability: an ability that is specifically related to the performance of a motor skill 5 Motor Abilities Ability vs Skill www.sportsnet.ca Terms are commonly (incorrectly) used interchangeably Skill level – an individual’s proficiency with a specific task Abilities refer to a general trait A quarterback’s skill in passing will be Skills DEPEND on abilities partly related to his reaction time ability. 6 Motor Abilities Examples of motor abilities: Multi-limb coordination Finger dexterity Spatial orientation Arm-hand steadiness Visual acuity Reaction time Movement speed Manual dexterity Proprioceptive/kinesthetic sensitivity Aiming 7  Motor Abilities Theories/Hypotheses General motor ability hypothesis: Motor abilities within individuals are general/global (i.e., general motor ability impacts an individual’s performance on all motor skills) If you are good at one motor skill, you have the potential to be good at all motor skills www.mlb.com 8  Motor Abilities The ‘All-around athlete’ Several factors other than a general motor ability contribute Charles Barkley Family support impacts 1993 NBA experiences League MVP Named one Morphological factors favour of the 50 larger, stronger, earlier greatest NBA maturing children players of all time General personality traits Terrible impact performance and golfer development (e.g., confidence, competitiveness) 9 Motor Abilities Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis: Individuals have many motor abilities, and these abilities are relatively independent; Henry 1961, reaction time and movement speed uncorrelated e.g., if someone has good balance, we cannot predict how well they do on a test of reaction time So…are all motor abilities task-specific and independent? Probably not, but determining the categories is complicated (e.g., static and dynamic balance, timing) Fleischman’s Taxonomy of Motor Abilities Goal was to identify the fewest independent ability categories which might be most useful in describing performance in the widest variety of tasks Identified 11 perceptual motor abilities 9 physical proficiency abilities List was not exhaustive 10 Motor Abilities Fleischman’s Taxonomy of Motor Abilities Perceptual-motor: multi-limb coordination, control precision, response orientation, reaction time, speed of arm movement, rate control, manual dexterity, finger dexterity, arm-hand steadiness, wrist/finger speed, aiming Physical proficiency: static strength, dynamic strength, explosive strength, trunk strength, extent flexibility, dynamic flexibility, gross body coordination, gross body equilibrium, stamina Missing: static balance, dynamic balance, visual acuity, visual tracking, eye-hand/eye-foot coordination 11 Motor Abilities But what about Dion Sanders? Specificity of motor abilities hypothesis suggests that individuals have a range of low, average and high motor abilities Mixed bag Lots of Lots of ‘low’ ‘high’ abilities abilities www.mlb.com 12 Motor Abilities Practical considerations: An individual with ability for one activity does not necessarily have ability for another (and vice versa) Do not group individuals based on ideas of ‘general motor ability’ Group on skill and experience Encourage broad sport/movement opportunities for development of varied abilities http://stoked.com/video/1866/wheelz-and-devin- Use skill-specific assessments graham/ Adapt activities to individuals’ abilities 13 Motor Abilities Summary of Learning Outcomes: Define the term motor ability, and distinguish it from the term motor skill General capacity, relatively enduring, determinant if skill potential Explain the difference between the General Motor Ability and the Specificity of Motor Abilities hypotheses Global motor ability vs many independent motor abilities Utilize an understanding of the Specificity of Motor Abilities hypothesis in a practical setting Be careful not to generalize 14  Motor Abilities Next class – Motor abilities, Nature vs Nurture Debate Genetics ? Practice? Coachin g? Social? 15