KIN 280 - Motor Control and Learning Lecture

KIN 280 – Motor control and Learning Defining and classifying motor skills Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies University of Regina, Regina, SK January 8, 2025 1...

KIN 280 – Motor control and Learning Defining and classifying motor skills Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies University of Regina, Regina, SK January 8, 2025 1 Defining and classifying motor skills Why does defining and classifying motor skills matter? You can’t teach/train/fix what you don’t know! Need to know: Make and model of vehicle Type of engine Water-cooled, air- cooled? Etc, etc. Etta and Julia Mang (my daughters) camping outside Zion 2 National Park, Utah Defining and classifying motor skills Learning Outcomes: Define a motor skill. Classify movements based on 4 classification systems. Begin to apply those systems to evaluate, progress and monitor skill learning. 3 Defining and classifying motor skills What is a skill? Skill: Task that has a goal or purpose to achieve Motor Skill: A skill that requires voluntary movement 4 Defining and classifying motor skills A reflex is not a motor skill Voluntar y Reflex refers to involuntary moveme nt movement Movement not initiated by brain Monosynaptic stretch reflex (e.g., knee jerk) Voluntary movement requires brain and spinal control 5 Defining and classifying motor skills What is a motor skill? A task that requires a voluntary movement to achieve a goal. 6 Defining and classifying motor skills Gross OR Fine movements? Discrete OR Continuous movements? Open OR Closed environment? Stationary OR In-motion environment? No inter-trial variability OR Inter-trial variability? Body stability OR Body Transport? No Object Manipulation OR Object Whitewater kayaking Manipulation? 7 Defining and classifying motor skills Several classification systems - Can be used to evaluate, progress, and chart abilities and learning A) Muscle-based classification Gross – skills requiring large muscle groups, less precision Fine – skills requiring smaller muscle groups, more precision 8 Defining and classifying motor skills Think about a child learning to write. Starts as gross motor skill, transitions into fine motor skill Fist grip to finger grip 9 Defining and classifying motor skills B) Movement-based classification Discrete - distinct movements with clear beginning and end Serial – skill that requires a sequence of discrete movements Continuous – movements that are cyclic or repetitive, no clear beginning or end 10 Defining and classifying motor skills C) Environment-based classification Closed – predictable environment, requires consistent and stable performance Open – unpredictable environment, requires rapid adaptation to changing environment 11 Defining and classifying motor skills Which example best describes a gross motor skill? A. Typing your name on a keyboard B. Picking a crumb up off the ground C. Throwing a snowball in a snowball fight D. Moulding clay into a ball 12 Defining and classifying motor skills Which example best describes a discrete motor skill? A. Typing your name on a keyboard B. Picking a crumb up off the ground C. Throwing a snowball in a snowball fight D. Moulding clay into a ball 13 Defining and classifying motor skills Which example best describes an open motor skill? A. Typing your name on a keyboard B. Picking a crumb up off the ground C. Throwing a snowball in a snowball fight D. Moulding clay into a ball 14 Defining and classifying motor skills D) Gentile’s 2-Dimensional Classification System Better captures the complexity of skills Environmental context Regulatory conditions: stationary vs in motion? Hit a golf ball from a tee vs Hit a baseball pitched to you Intertrial Variability: yes vs no? Hit a baseball from a pitching machine vs hit a baseball from a pitcher Action Function Body orientation: stability vs transport? Stand still vs walk across a room Object manipulation: yes vs no? Swing a bat vs jump 15  Defining and classifying motor skills Body stability Body transport Action Function/Person Environm ent No Object Object No Object Object Manipulation Manipulation Manipulatio Manipulation n No inter- 1A. Holding a yoga 1B. Standing 1C. Walking 1D. Dribbling a Stationary trial pose in your living while brushing across an open basketball variability room teeth gymnasium across an open gymnasium Inter-trial 2A. Doing a 2B. Standing at 2C. Walking 2D. Dribbling a variability handstand on sink washing through sets of basketball different gymnastics dishes obstacles in a through sets of apparatuses gym obstacles No inter- 3A. Walking on a 3B. Catch a ball 3C. Step into a 3D. Run to catch In-motion trial treadmill at a thrown from a constantly balls thrown by a variability constant speed machine moving machine revolving door 16 Inter-trial 4A. Walking on a 4B. Catch a ball 4C. Step into a 4D. Run to catch Defining and classifying motor skills Gross OR Fine movements? Discrete OR Serial OR Continuous movements? Open OR Closed environment? Stationary OR In-motion environment? No inter-trial variability OR Inter-trial variability? Body stability OR Body Transport? Whitewater kayaking No Object Manipulation OR Object Manipulation? 17 Defining and classifying motor skills Rolling a kayak in an indoor pool would be best described as a: A. Discrete movement in an open, in-motion environment with inter-trial variability B. Serial movement in an open, stationary environments with no inter-trial variability C. Serial movement in a closed, stationary environment with no inter-trial variability D. Continuous movement in a closed, in-motion environment with inter-trial variability 18 Defining and classifying motor skills Think of a skill that you use regularly (could be everyday life or sport) and classify it. Think of a modification of the skill and then re-classify it. Share the skill and your classifications with classmates. Gross OR Fine movements? Discrete OR Serial OR Continuous movements? Open OR Closed environment? Stationary OR In-motion environment? No inter-trial variability OR Inter-trial variability? Body stability OR Body Transport? 19 Defining and classifying motor skills Summary of Learning Outcomes: Define a motor skill. A task that requires a voluntary movement to achieve a goal. Be able to classify movements based on 4 classification systems. Gross-Fine, Discrete-Serial-Continuous, Closed-Open, Gentile’s Begin to apply those systems to evaluate, progress and monitor skill learning. e.g., progressing from closed to open environment 20 Measurement of Motor Performance Next Topic: Measurement of Motor Performance 21