Lecture slides L&D.pptx

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FACULTY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND POLICY STUDIES DES 204: LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATOR: MR. MOHAMMED SIIBAWAY Email: [email protected] LECTURE SCHEDULE 1: TH...

UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES FACULTY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT AND POLICY STUDIES DES 204: LEADERSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATOR: MR. MOHAMMED SIIBAWAY Email: [email protected] LECTURE SCHEDULE 1: THE CONCEPT OF LEADER AND LEADERSHIP  The Concept of Leader and Leadership When you think about great leaders, who comes to mind?  The Concept of Leader and Leadership  Defining what truly marks these historic icons as good leaders proves a bit more challenging. Leadership is universally desired but difficult to define explicitly.  The Concept of Leader and Leadership  A leader is someone who inspires passion and motivate followers towards a goal. A leader has a vision and knows the path towards realizing a common goal. A leader is a coach, guide and inspire others towards achieving a goal of a group.  The Concept of Leadership  Leadership is one of the most discussed but least understood concepts. Leadership is like the word Religion. It is opaque and means different things to people. You cannot develop strong leaders unless you have a clear definition of what ‘good leadership’ looks like? Leadership is not a position or title, it is an action and example.  The Concept of Leadership  So what is leadership? What are the elements of leadership?  The Concept of Leadership  Leadership is the process of influencing others to work willingly towards an organization’s goals and to the best of their capabilities (Stoner,  The Concept of Leadership Leadership is the process of providing direction and influencing individuals or groups to achieve goals (Middlemist & Hill, 1981).  The Concept of Leadership Musaazi (1982) sees leadership as the process of influencing the activities and behavior of an individual or a group in efforts towards achievement a goal. Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others,  The Concept of Leadership John Newstrom and Keith Davis (1993) have also described leadership as the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically toward achieving objectives. Leaders carry out this process by applying their leadership attributes, such as beliefs,  Elements of Leadership Leader Influenc ship/ e followe rship Objective Leadershi change p People Commandi ng Equipping  Elements of Leadership leadership/followership Both influence others Both are excited and motivated when they influence each. Influence the process of communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of the people. Motivating followers to take action Challenging followers to act Convincing followers to act Building relationship through trust  Elements of Leadership Group’s objectives Shared vision of the group (having foresight/vision) Doing what is ethical and beneficial for the group Equipping Managing needs and wants Providing support Enabling possibility  Elements of Leadership Commanding Setting goals Enforcing discipline Directing the path for people to follow  Elements of Leadership People People oriented process Getting people along towards Enjoying working with people and helping people to succeed Using people’s skills  Elements of Leadership Change Adapting to the rapidly changing global environment. Influencing people to bring about change. Taking a calculated risk and trying new things  Theories of Leadership A theory is an idea that explains a phenomena. Trait leadership theory Behavioral leadership theory Situational leadership theory Transformational leadership theory Distributed leadership theory  Trait theories of Leadership The theory believes that leaders are distinct from an average person in terms of personality trait such as intelligence, perseverance and ambition. The trait theory assumes that leaders are born with distinct characteristics that  Trait theories of Leadership Thomas Carlyle (1949) in his ‘Great man’s theory explain that the ability to lead is something that people are simply born with and not something that could be developed or learnt. Trait theory concentrate on what leaders are and not  Leadership The theory assumes that specific behavioral pattern of leadership can be acquired through learning and experience and not just on trait. The theory proposed that for a leader to be effective, their behavior must vary  Leadership They argued that the success of a leader is based on their behavior rather than their natural attributes. They believe tha leadership involves action and behavior when they are responding to a specific situation.  Leadership Central to the argument is that leadership can be learned, rather that being inherent. Leaders are made and not born.  Situational Leadership Theory This theory argue that different situation calls for different leadership styles. Central argument to this theory is leadership is not only based on traits and behavior but on situation one finds him/her self.  Situational Leadership Theory The theory views leadership in terms dynamic interacton between a number of situational variable the leader, the follower, the task and the environment. For example, authoritarian leadership style is approved in periods of crises. This  Situational Leadership Theory The democratic leadership style is more adequate in situations that require consensus building. The laissez faire leadership style is appreciated by the degree of freedom it provides. But when a leader in some situation does not take charge,  Theory This theory sees leaders as individual who have the highest goals and clear vision to achieve, great mission to fulfil, hold to moral standards and values and are more committed to the group’s agenda.  Theory Transformational leaders inspires followers to transcend their own self-interest for the betterment of the organization. Transformational leaders pay attention to the development needs and concerns of the followers and motivate the followers towards achieving the goals of the organization.  Dimensions TL Theory Individual Intellectual Considerati Stimulatio on n Transform ational Leadershi p Inspiration al Idealized Motivation Influence  Individualized Consideration The degree to which the leader attends to the follower’s needs. The leader acts as a mentor or coach to the followers and also listens to the followers concerns. The leader shows empathy and support, keeps communications open and place challenges before the followers. The leader respects and celebrate  Intellectual Stimulation This dimension focuses on the degree to which leaders challenge assumptions, solicit followers views and take risks. Leaders stimulate and encourage creativity in their followers. They nurture and develop people who think independently. For such leaders, learning is a value.  Insiprational Motivation In this dimension of leadership, leaders inspire their subordinates in various ways and give meaning to their work and bring new challenges and enthusiasm. leaders articulates a vision that is appealing and inspiring to followers. Leaders with inspirational motivation challenge followers with high standards, communicate optimism about future goals, and  Idealised Influence In this form of leadership, the leaders act as role models for their subordinates and they exhibit high morals and ethical standards. Distributed Leadership Theory  Group Assignment 1 Critically examine five Factors affecting women representation in leadership positions at the community and national level. Suggest practical ways to improve women representation in leadership position in Ghana  Group Assignment 2 Discuss five challenges associated with leadership in a multi-cultural setting and suggest five approaches to ensure effective leadership in a multi-cultural setting.  Group Assignment 3 Discuss five (5) challenges limiting youth’s representation in local and national leadership role and suggest five (5) recommendations to improve the youth’s representation in leadership in Ghana.  Group Assignment 4  With relevant examples, critically examine five factors influencing corruption among leaders in Africa and suggest five mechanisms to prevent corruption among leaders in Africa  Group Assignment 5 With examples, critically examine the relationship between effective leadership and Development. Thank You