Lecture 2 Construction Equipment Model PDF

Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 26 Type of Equipment use in construction There are several equipment that is being used in the Construction Industry. These are used for both large and small scale purposes. Various types of Equipment are being used for Building & structural Con...

Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 26 Type of Equipment use in construction There are several equipment that is being used in the Construction Industry. These are used for both large and small scale purposes. Various types of Equipment are being used for Building & structural Construction, Road construction, underwater and other marine construction work, Power projects etc Construction equipment can be categorized in to 4 main sections based on purpose and use, They are:  Earth Moving equipment  Construction vehicle  Material Handling Equipment  Construction Equipment 1. Earth Moving equipment 1.1 Excavator An excavator is a construction vehicle used to excavate or move large objects. An Excavator is basically made up of 2 parts: a driving base associated a powerful boom arm with an attachment designed for excavating. Also, Excavators are been used in large and small scale constructions. They are used for small housing projects to do a cut and fill, used in road construction, used in marine structures to place armors and large rocks, and also been used in larger sites to excavate, move construction material, remove construction waste etc….. There are several types of excavators which are classified on use, brand and purpose. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 27 o Digging of trenches, holes, foundations o Demolition o Material handling o General grading/landscaping o Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments o Forestry work o Lifting and placing of pipes o Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining o River dredging Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 28 1.2 Graders A grader is a construction machine with a long blade used to create a flat surface. It is commonly called in names such as road grader, a blade, a maintainer and motor grader. In the construction of paved roads they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for the asphalt to be placed on. They are also used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the construction of large buildings. Many countries use grader for the flatting process that is done before the placing of Asphalt. Graders too have various types; some consist a large fork front, and some consist of a flat blade front, which vary from different sizes. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 29  1.3 Loaders is a heavy equipment machine frequently used in construction industry, mainly used to Load material (such as demolition waste, feed, gravel raw minerals, used material, rock, and plywood) into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truckload).Loaders have a very higher productivity and a lower maintenance cost unlike most of the other large scale construction machines. The Loader has a large bucket with a shorter moving arm. Large quantities of material such as soil, construction material, etc can be moved from this. SIMILAR NAMES : FRONT END LOADER, BUCKET LOADER, SCOOP LOADER, OR SHOVEL Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 30  Usage Loaders in construction Loading materials into trucks Laying pipes Clearing rubble Moving construction waste and other materials Small excavations Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 31 1.4 Skid Loaders A skid loader or skid-steer loader is a small rigid frame, engine-powered machine with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of labor-saving tools or attachments. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 32 1.5 Crawler Loaders The crawler loader combines the stability of the crawler tractor with the abilities of a wheel loader. However, to construct a reliable crawler loader it requires more than simply attaching a loader bucket onto a crawler tractor. It must be considered with its specific purpose in mind to ensure. It has the strength to survive heavy excavating. crawler loaders are capable of maneuvering across the entire construction site under its own power, whereas most hydraulic excavators require towing or transport. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 33 1.6 Backhoe A backhoe, also known a rear tractor or back tractor, is a section of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader. usually through a total of around 200 degrees. Modern backhoes are powered by hydraulics. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 34 1.7 Bulldozer A bulldozer is a crawler (continuous tracked tractor) with a substantial metal plate used (known as blade) fitted to push large amounts of soil, sand, dirt or other materials when construction or remodeling and usually push on the back with a claw mechanism (Known as ripper) to loosen densely-compacted materials Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 35 1.7 Trencher Ditchers or Trenches, are similar to excavators in the sense that penetrate the soil, break soil and rock, and from the earth. They differ from excavators in that the soil is removed in one continuous movement. Digging trenches for pipes used specifically for, but other machines have been improvised in the past in order to serve this purpose. Trenchers can come in two types  Ladder trenchers  Wheel trenchers Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 36 1.7 Scraper The scraper is a large piece of equipment used in mining, construction, agriculture and other earth moving applications. When the hopper is full it is raised, and closed with a vertical blade. The scraper can carriage its load to the fill area where the blade is raised, the back panel of the hopper, or the ejector, is hydraulically pushed forward and the load tumbles out. Then the empty scraper returns to the cut site and repeats the cycle. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 37 2. Construction Vehicle 2.1 Tipper Tippers are suited for the rough and tumble of mining & quarrying operations, as well as for carrying bulk loads in construction and infrastructure industries. Complete maneuverability, high performance and long-term endurance are common to all trucks, resulting in lower operational costs. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 38 2.2 Dumper A dump truck is a vehicle designed to transport bulk material, often in construction. It has a open jump ahead with the driver seat , and consist of a large box like body to contain materials. A dumper usually has 4 Wheels, where the entire load and the movement depends on. The jump can tipped to be the load dump; This is where the name “dumper” comes. They are usually diesel engine. A towing eye is equipped for use as a tractor secondary site. Modern dumpers have payloads up to 10 tons and usually articulate perform in the middle of the housing. There are various sizes of dumpers in the present construction industry. Apart from using them for construction, they are also been used in Large mining tunnels and gem excavations to remove soil and other substances. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 39 2.3 Trailer Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials in construction or other related field. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 40 2.4 Tanker A tank truck (USA usage) or road tanker (UK usage) is a motor vehicle designed to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo or gases on roads. The largest such vehicles are similar to railroad tank cars which are also designed to carry liquefied loads. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 41 3. Material Handling Equipment 3.1 Crane A crane is a type of machine commonly used in construction, generally equipped with an elevator, ropes or chains and sheaves that can be used both to move and to lift and lower materials horizontally. It is mainly used for heavy lifting and transport to other locations. One or more simple machines are used to provide a mechanical benefit and thus to move loads on the normal ability of a person. Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and unloading of goods for the movement of materials and manufacturing industries for mounting agricultural machinery, in the construction industry. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 42 3.2 Conveyer A conveyor system could be a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to a different. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transport of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transport for a wide sort of materials which make them very popular within the material handling and packaging industries. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 43 3.3 Hoist Hoist is a device for raising or lowering a load by means of a drum or wheel lift to which wraps the rope or chain. It can be operated by hand, is driven electrically or pneumatically, and the chain or wire rope fibers are used as lifting device. The load connected to the lifting means of a lifting hook Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 44 3.4 Forklift A forklift truck (lift truck, fork truck, forklift, tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift and transport materials. Forklift trucks are available in many variations and load capacities. In a typical warehouse setting most forklifts used have load capacities between one to five tons. Larger machines, up to 50 tons lift capacity are used for lifting heavier loads. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 45 4. Construction Equipment 4.1 Concrete Mixer A Concrete (Cement Mixer) is a machine that combines cement evenly to form aggregates such as sand or gravel and water to concrete. A typical concrete mixer using a rotating drum for mixing the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are regularly used for concrete, can be produced at the site, so that workers have enough time to use the concrete before it hardens time. Special trucks for transporting concrete produced and ready-mix concrete to the construction site. They can be charged with dry materials and water, with the mixing occurring during transport. With this method, the material was mixed. The concrete truck transportation of liquid mixture maintained material by movement or rotation of the drum to the delivery. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 46  Roller type Jumping Jack Roller Compactor 4.2 Compactors In construction, there are three main types of compactor: o Plate compactor o Jumping Jack. o Road roller. The Roller type compactors are used for compacting crushed rock as the base layer underneath concrete or stone foundations or slabs. The Plate compactor has a large vibrating base plate and is suited for creating a level grade, while the Jumping Jack compactor has a smaller foot. ,and it is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow trenches for water or gas supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 47 4.3 Pavers A paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher, paving machine) is an engineering vehicle used to lay asphalt on roadways. It is normally fed by a dump truck. A separate machine, a roller, is then used to press the hot asphalt mix, resulting a smooth, even surface. The sub-base being prepared by use of a grader to trim crushed stone to profile after rolling Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 48 5. Tunneling Equipment 5.1 Road Headers It is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a boom mounted cutting head, a loading machine usually involving a conveyor and a crawler travelling track to move the whole machine forward into the rock face. The road header also includes separate part, multi purpose hydraulic cutting heads for increasing on excavators. The cutting head can be a general purpose rotating drum mounted in line or perpendicular to the boom or can be particular function heads such as jack hammer like spikes, compression fracture micro wheel heads like those on larger tunnel boring machines like a gigantic chain saw for dicing up rock or simple jaw like buckets of traditional excavators. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 49 5.1.1 Construction Road Headers Road headers for construction are set with powerful, transverse cutter heads proven to give the best cutting performance in a wide range of rock formations. Subway tunnels, shaft sinking, rehabilitation of existing tunnels, road tunnels and excavation of underground caverns are some examples where these machines have established their great flexibility. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 50 5.1.2 Mining Road Headers Road headers for mining are prepared with powerful, transverse cutter heads proven to give an unparalleled cutting performance in a wide range formation of rock. Mounted on an extremely robust hydraulic boom they are reliable, rugged, highly creative result for both development and direct production duties. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 51  5.1.3 Hydraulic Cutting Heads Hydraulic cutting heads are designed to be increase on suitable excavators quickly and easily. With transverse cutting structures, tried, geometrically optimized and tested on some of the world’s most rocky mining and tunneling machines, they are well organized, multi use tools for various applications including scaling, production, tunnel treatment, roadway leveling, trenching and demolition. Civil Engineering Department Saad. [email protected] 52