Earth Moving Equipment Overview

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Study Notes

Excavators are used to move large objects: digging trenches, demolition, material handling, grading/landscaping, brush cutting, forestry work, pipe placement and mining.
Graders are used to create a flat surface: road construction, setting foundation pads for buildings.
Loaders are used to load material into or onto other machinery: demolition waste, gravel, rock, and plywood.
Skid loaders are small machines with lift arms that attach to various tools: they are used for construction projects.
Crawler loaders combine the stability of crawler tractors with the abilities of a wheel loader: they have the strength for heavy excavating.
Backhoes are used for digging: they consist of a digging bucket on the end of an articulated arm.
Bulldozers are used to push large amounts of materials: they can also loosen compacted materials with a ripper.
Trenchers dig trenches for pipes: they come in two types - ladder trenchers and wheel trenchers.
Scrapers are used in mining, construction and agriculture for moving materials: they have a hopper that is raised and closed with a blade.

Tippers are used in quarrying and construction for transporting bulk loads: they are known for their maneuverability, performance, and endurance.
Dump trucks are used to transport bulk material: they consist of a large box like body with 4 wheels.
Trailers are used to transport goods and materials: they are used in construction and other related fields.
Tank trucks or road tankers are used to carry liquefied loads, dry bulk cargo, or gases on roads: they are similar to railroad tank cars.

Cranes are used to lift and transport heavy materials: they are used in the transport industry for loading and unloading, in manufacturing industries for mounting machinery and in the construction industry.
Conveyors are used to move materials from one location to another: they are especially useful for transporting heavy or bulky materials.
Hoists are used to raise or lower loads: they can be operated by hand, electrically or pneumatically.
Forklifts are used to lift and transport materials: they are available in many variations and load capacities.

Concrete mixers combine cement, aggregates and water to form concrete: they use a rotating drum for mixing.
Compactors are used to compact materials: there are three types - plate compactors, jumping jack compactors and road rollers.
Pavers are used to lay asphalt: they are fed by dump trucks.