Lecture-1 Foundations of Leadership PDF

Foundation of Leadership Concept of Leadership Functions of Leadership (Roles, Duties, Responsibilities, etc.) Levels of Leadership Elements of Leadership Differences between Leadership and Management Similarities between Leadership and Management Thinking about Leadership...

Foundation of Leadership Concept of Leadership Functions of Leadership (Roles, Duties, Responsibilities, etc.) Levels of Leadership Elements of Leadership Differences between Leadership and Management Similarities between Leadership and Management Thinking about Leadership  Thinking about Leadership Generated excitement and interest among scholars since ancient times. Names, images and stories of: Presidents Armies Kingdoms Companies  Thinking about Leadership Think about leaders such as: Mahatma Gandhi Mother Theresa Martin Luther King Nelson Mandela Kwame Nkrumah Adolf Hitler  Thinking about Leadership Universal definition of leadership is very difficult Leadership is studied in different ways Leadership is linked to other factors  Thinking about Leadership Scholars had divergent views on whether to focus on: Leaders Followers Situation Environment  Thinking about Leadership Most of the leadership scholars focused on: Personality (character, persona, temperament, make-up) Physical traits Behaviors of a leader Leaders and followers  Definition Leadership is the influencing process of leaders and followers leading to achievement of organizational objectives through changes (Lussier & Achua, 2004) Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of people to achieve a common goal (Northouse, 2004) Northouse (2007) definition moves leadership from the concept of personality to the concept of a process of interaction  Definition continued Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organised group toward goal achievement (Rauch & Behling, 1984) Leadership is a relationship between those who aspire to lead and those who choose to follow (Kouzes & Posner, 2002) Leadership is the ability of developing and communicating a vision to a group of people that will make that vision true (Kenneth, 2007)  Definition continued Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence and motivate others towards the effectiveness and success of the organization (House et al., 1999) Collaborative endeavour among group members and not the effort of a single individual (Brungardt & Maughan, 2005). Definitions of leadership differ in many ways, and these differences have resulted in various researchers exploring different aspects of leadership.  Contemporary Definition An interaction among the people involved in a process which includes the leader(s) and followers Leadership input includes; the leader(s), followers and environment Process is the interactions within the inputs that translate into influences leading to commitment towards achievement of collective and individual goals.  Components of Leadership Northouse (2001) identified four components common in almost all definitions of leadership: Process Influence Group context Goal attainment  Key Elements of Leadership Lussier and Achua (2007) identify 6 key elements in the definition: Organizational objectives People Process Influence Change Leaders–Followers  Comprehensive Key Elements Vision Communication Leaders- Leadership Organizational Followers /individual Objectives Constructive Influence People Change Management 1-9  Characteristics of Leadership It is a process and an interaction It involves both leader(s) and followers It involves negotiating and influence (multidirectional) It involves common and individual goals which are defined by context. It brings about constructive change  Levels of Leadership Personal Leadership Direct Leadership Organizational or Managerial Leadership Strategic Leadership  Levels of Leadership Levels of Leadership Strategic Individual (Personal) 1-11  Personal / Individual Level How the leader leads him/her self and the dyadic process between the leader and the individual followers At the personal level, the development of one’s leadership drive is dependent on 5Ps & 5Rs Position-Right Permission-Relationship Production-Results People development-Reproduction Personhood-Respect 1-11  Group Level Focuses on the individual leader and the collective group of followers in achieving desired goals and objectives How the leader contributes to group effectiveness The leader’s initiatives in resolving group problems and general contribution to achieving group goals and objectives 1-11  Organizational Level Leader’s ability to influence and harmonizing the entire organizational performance through collaborative efforts of the subordinates towards goal attainment Competencies required at this level includes: Technical Competence Social Competence Conceptual Competence Spiritual Competence 1-11  Strategic Leadership Strategic leadership is the type of leadership that transcends beyond time and space It involves the ability of the leader to envision a global opportunity, mobilise resources and take advantage to create value for the benefit of society This leadership effects changes in the organisation and sees beyond the ordinary lens in order to leave Footprints and indelible marks in the minds of the organisational members/ society. 1-11 Requirements for Strategic Leadership Selfless/devotion Committed Strategic thinker Courageous Resilience Openness Ability to navigate Discipline Visionary 1-11 Strategic Leadership Process Strategic thought process Ability to sell the vision Strategic planning Strategic Implementation Strategic evaluation Strategic review 1-11  Functions of Leadership Inspire a shared vision Create followers, deliver value and ensure that the followers are also self-leaders. Bring constructive change that is responsive to the true and long-term needs of all stakeholders. Solve problems, Mediate and Resolve conflicts Harness resources to achieve the vision 1-11  Leadership & Management A Manager and Leader are often used to designate the same person who leads a firm Management is a career whiles leadership is a calling A leader is someone who people naturally follow through their own choice Manager must be obeyed and respected 1-11  Leadership & Management Managers obtain position through time and loyalty in the organization and not their leadership qualities A leader may have no organizational skills but his vision rallies people behind him Leadership is the main component of change providing vision and dedication necessary for its realization 1-11  Leadership & Management Leadership is a skill gained from either education, experience, interaction with people and others. Effective leadership depends largely on how leaders define and share the vision with followers and follow through. Leadership is just one important component of the directing function of management. A manager cannot just be a leader, he/she also needs formal authority to be effective. 1-11  Differences between Leadership Management Management - Doing things right = Efficiency Leadership - Doing the right things = Effectiveness Tactical thinking - Doing things right = Management Strategic thinking - Doing the right things = Leadership Management includes: planning, directing, organizing, measuring and controlling 1-11  Differences between Leadership Management Leadership is doing the right things and putting first things first Management is doing things right, discipline, and carrying it out Leading involves visioning, inspiring, coaching, energizing, and empowering 1-11  Managers do the following: Administer Maintain Control Pursue short-term view Ask “how & when” Imitate Accept status quo Do things right 1-11  Leaders do the following: Innovate Develop Inspire Pursue long-term view Ask “what & why” Originate Challenge status quo Do the right things 1-11 THANK YOU THANK YO 1-11