Laila Baez - Genetics Review PDF

Genetics Review!! USE A COLOR NOT BLACK OR BRIGHT YELLOW Somatic (body cells) have how many chromosomes? 46 Gametes (sex cells) have how many chromosomes? 23 How many chromosomes do you receive from each parent? a.​ Autosomes 22 b.​ Sex Chromosomes 1...

Genetics Review!! USE A COLOR NOT BLACK OR BRIGHT YELLOW Somatic (body cells) have how many chromosomes? 46 Gametes (sex cells) have how many chromosomes? 23 How many chromosomes do you receive from each parent? a.​ Autosomes 22 b.​ Sex Chromosomes 1 What is a Gene? The basic unit of heredity passed down from parent to child What is an allele?different genes that exist at a specific location on a chromosome What is the goal of meiosis? To reproduce and create genetic diversity Compare and Contrast Mitosis to Meiosis a.​ Division that produces body cells Mitosis b.​ Division that produces gametes? Meiosis c.​ This division results in 4 haploid cells: Meiosis d.​ This division results in 2 diploid cells: Mitosis e.​ Which division results in 23 chromosomes? Meiosis f.​ Which division results in 46 chromosomes? Mitosis g.​ Which division results in identical cells? Mitosis h.​ Which division results in unique cells? Meiosis Label AND number the phases of Meiosis in order. AProphase​ B Telophase​ C___metaphase_____​ D__Interphase______​ E Anaphase F ProMeta Check the box for each type of cell. Explain what happens in EACH phase of Meiosis I c.​ Prophase 1 the chromatin starts coiling into chromosomes and then the nucleus and nuclear membrane disappear. The centrioles appear and then spindle fibers extend the centrioles (divide chromatids) d.​ Metaphase 1 the chromosome line on the middle of cell e.​ Anaphase 1 chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell f.​ Telophase 1 chromatids go to the opposite poles of the cells they tear apart What is the goal of Crossing Over in Meiosis? Genetic diversity Describe Nondisjunction, be thorough:the chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. Specifically, one gamete gets an extra copy of chromosome while the other gamete gets none. Chromosomal Mutations: Explain what happened to each one. (Just to the right of the picture is fine). Deletion: a single base is deleted from an existing DNA strand Duplication: a single base is added to a new DNA strand Inversion: DNA strands break off and reattach with the same chromosome but reversed Translocation: one chromosome breaks off and attached to another chromosome In a karyotype, how do you know the gender?  g.​ Boys are XY h.​ Girls are XX​ ​ Boys make how many reproductive cells? 4 ​ What is the process called_spermatogenis ​ Girls make how many reproductive cells? 1 egg and 3 polar bodies ​ What is the process called? oogenesis ​ How would you know a person has a condition by the karyotype? The persons would have two many X’s or Y’s or not enough What is the difference between a point mutation in a gene and chromosomal mutations?​ A point mutation changes the protein so much that the person can not function properly. In chromosomal mutations a single gene is changed and the person can survive. What is affected? The gene What do the letters on the Outside of the Punnett Square represent? (circle one) Parental Gametes​ ​ Offspring Gametes Define the following terms: i.​ Homozygous: 2 of the same genes j.​ Heterozygous: 2 different genes k.​ Phenotype: the characteristics l.​ Genotype: the letters m.​ Dominant:the trait that shows through n.​ Recessive:trait that is covered Which of these are Homozygous or heterozygous? ​ TT - homozygous ​ Ll - heterozygous ​ gg - homozygous ​ Ee - heterozygous ​ WW - homozygous ​ dd - homozygous ​ Pp - heterozygous Complete the Punnett Square for a normal dominant/recessive cross: Green peas are dominant to yellow peas. Cross a Homozygous recessive pea plant with a homozygous dominant pea plant ​ ​  g G G Gg GG G Gg GG Genotype: GG 22​ ​ Gg 2​ gg 0 Phenotype: Green 4​ ​ Yellow 0 Incomplete Dominance R-Red r-White Cross a red and white flower and report the results. __RR_____x____rr____ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​​ R R r Rr Rr r Rr Rr Genotype: RR 0​ ​ Rr 4​ ​ rr 0 Phenotype: Red 0​ ​ Pink ​ 4​ White 0 Codominant A/B/AB/O Blood group A man with O blood has children with a woman who is homozygous for A blood. What are the blood types of their possible children? __OO__x__AA O O A AO AO A AO AO Results: A 4​ B 0​ AB 0​ O 0 Sex-Linked Trait Hemophilia is a Sex-linked trait. A man with hemophilia has children with a carrier woman. What are their potential offspring's genotype and phenotypes? __X’Y_____x___X’X____ X’ Y X’ X’ X; X’ Y  X X’X XY __1_Unaffected Male ___1___Affected Male ___0___Unaffected Female __1____Carrier Female ___1___Affected Female Dihybrid In rabbits, gray hair is​dominant to white hair. Also in rabbits, black eyes are dominant to red eyes. These letters represent the genotypes of the rabbits: Fur Color:​ ​ Eye Color: G-Gray​ ​ B-Black g-White​ ​ b-Red Cross a rabbit that is Purebred for gray fur and has red eyes with a hybrid Gray rabbit that is heterozygous for black eyes. __GGbb_____x__GgBb_____ Gb Gb Gb Gb GB GGBb GGBb GGBb GGBb Gb GGbb GGbb GGbb GGbb gB GgBb GgBb GgBb GgBb gb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb Ggbb How many have Gray fur and Black eyes? 8 How many have White fur and Black eyes? 0 How many have Gray fur and Red eyes? 8 How many have White fur and Red eyes? 0 Do you know how to use a pedigree? (Circle the right answer) o.​ Girls are Square/Round p.​ Boys are Square/Round q.​ A person with the trait is Open/Shaded in r.​ A person married to another has a Horizontal/Vertical line s.​ The number on each shape is the Person/Generation