Bio Meiosis & Chromosomes Test Review PDF

# Test Review: Meiosis and Chromosomes ## Matching Match the descriptions to the correct stages of meiosis: | Stage | Description | |---|---| | Interphase | e. DNA replicated during the Synthesis (S-Phase). Chromatin is visible | | Prophase I | h. Synapsis occurs and tetrads form. Crossing over o...

# Test Review: Meiosis and Chromosomes ## Matching Match the descriptions to the correct stages of meiosis: | Stage | Description | |---|---| | Interphase | e. DNA replicated during the Synthesis (S-Phase). Chromatin is visible | | Prophase I | h. Synapsis occurs and tetrads form. Crossing over occurs when chromosomes exchange genetic information (recombination) | | Metaphase I | b. Tetrads align in the middle (in pairs) | | Anaphase I | d. Tetrads split into chromosomes. In other words, the homologous pairs separate. | | Telophase/Cytokinesis I | a. Two haploid daughter cells are produced | | Prophase II | f. Chromosomes supercoil to become visible in the two daughter cells produced previously in Meiosis I. | | Metaphase II | i. Chromosomes line up in 2 different cells. | | Anaphase II | c. Chromosomes split into sister chromatids in 2 different cells. | | Telophase/Cytokinesis II | g. Two cells each containing 2 haploid nuclei are formed, and 4 haploid daughter cells produced | ## Vocabulary Match the term to the correct definition: | Term | Definition | |---|---| | Synapsis | i. The homologous chromosomes joining/pairing up (synapsis) and form a tetrad. The sharing of genetic material between two nonsister chromatids in a homologous pair | | Nondisjunction | d. The failure of chromosomes to NOT separate during Anaphase I or 2 | | Gene | b. a section of chromosome that codes for a specific trait | | Telomere | a. the protective caps on your chromosomes that act like the aglet (plastic tip) on a shoelace and prevent chromosomes from unraveling | | Crossing over | i. The homologous chromosomes joining/pairing up (synapsis) and form a tetrad. The sharing of genetic material between two nonsister chromatids in a homologous pair | | Autosomes | h. the first 22 pairs of chromosomes (or 44 chromosomes) in a karyotype. Not involved in the determination of biological sex | | Haploid | f. the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells | | Diploid | g. the presence of two complete set of chromosomes in an organism's cells | | Karyotype | e. An individual's complete set of chromosomes, a picture or map of an organism's chromosomes | ## Identifying Phases of Meiosis 19. Identify the phase of Meiosis I/II based on the pictures. Record your answers below the picture. - [ ] Metaphase I - [ ] Metaphase II - [ ] Prophase I - [ ] Prophase II - [ ] Telophase I - [ ] Telophase II - [ ] Anaphase I - [ ] Anaphase II 20. In what phase of Meiosis I does crossing over take place? - Prophase I 21. Why is crossing over important for creating variation amongst a species? It creates new combinations of alleles in gametes, leading to offspring with unique genetic makeup. ## Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis 22. Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis. Place the description in the correct box: | Mitosis | Meiosis | Both | |---|---|---| | b. Produces two identical diploid daughter cells | a. Produces four unique haploid daughter cells | | | k. Body Cells | j. Gametes | | | n. DNA is replicated once | | d. Goes through one division | | | | h. Types of cell division | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ## Labeling a Diagram 23. Label the diagram using the following terms: - a. Centromere - b. Homologous Pair - c. Recombinant Chromatid/Crossing over - d. Sister Chromatids ## Haploid vs. Diploid 24. Using the diagram below, describe which cell is diploid or haploid by completing the red boxes:  - Cell A is haploid. - Cell B is diploid. 25. Which Cell from the table above would represent sex cells (gametes)? - Cell A 26. Which Cell from the table above would represent body cells (somatic cells)? - Cell B ## Haploid and Diploid Numbers 27. Fill in the table below with the haploid or diploid number: | Animal | Haploid (1 set) | Diploid (2 sets) | |---|---|---| | Deer | 28 | 56 | | Cobra | 42 | 84 | | Pheasant | 39 | 78 | | Horse| 6 | 12 | | Crocodile | 30 | 60 | ## Identifying Gametes 28. Which gamete below should NOT result from the parent cell shown? Highlight or circle the correct box.  - The correct answer is **C** - The gamete in **C** is missing a large and a medium chromosome from the parent cell. ## Types of Mutations 29. Explain your answer to the above question. C is missing 1 large & 1 medium Chromosome (1 from each pair) haploid 30. Identify the type of mutation based on the definition. | Definition | Mutation Type | |---|---| | arise from an event termed unequal crossing-over that occurs during meiosis between misaligned homologous chromosomes in which a segment of a chromosome is copied and added to the chromosome. | duplication | | can be caused by errors in chromosomal crossover during meiosis involving a loss of a segment of chromosome, which causes several serious genetic diseases. | deletion | | occurs when a chromosome breaks at two points and the segment is reinserted in the reversed orientation | inversion | | occurs when a part of one chromosome breaks off and sticks to another non homologous chromosome. These “mutations” are an important cause of many types of lymphomas and leukemias | translocation | ## Identifying Mutations in Diagrams 31. Identify the mutation type based on the pictures. - A. deletion - B. duplication - C. inversion - D. translocation ## Completing a Table 32. Complete the table with the following information: | Definition | Term | # of chromosomes (humans) | |---|---|---| | The absence of one member of a pair of chromosomes. | monosomy | 45 | | a chromosomal condition characterised by an additional chromosome | trisomy | 47 | ## Identifying Sex from Karyotypes 33. Look at the following karyotypes and identify whether the individual is biologically male or female.  - The first karyotype is male (XY) - The second karyotype is female (XX) ## Identifying Genetic Disorders 34. For each karyotype, identify the genetic disorder and its corresponding description: | Karyotype | Genetic Disorder | Description (monosomy or trisomy) | |---|---|---| | [KARYOTYPE 1](image-missing) | Down Syndrome | trisomy 21, 47, XY, +21 | | [KARYOTYPE 2](image-missing) | Turner Syndrome | monosomy of the sex chromosomes, 45, X | | [KARYOTYPE 3](image-missing) | Klinefelter Syndrome | trisomy of the sex chromosomes, 47, XXY | ## Identifying Mutations in a Karyotype 35. Identify the mutation in the below karyotype for chromosome m12. [KARYOTYPE](image-missing) - **d. Translocation** The diagram indicates that a part of another chromosome has been translocated onto chromosome m12, as it has two different colors.