Cardiovascular System Anatomy PDF

Cardiovascula r System Anatomy CHAPTERS 18 & 19 Update No more homework No more quizzes AKA circulatory system ◦CLOSED CIRCULAR PATHWAY ◦Each molecule of blood travels in close system Consists of heart and network of blood vessels 2 Circuits ◦Pulmonary ◦Systemic  Heart Transport syste...

Cardiovascula r System Anatomy CHAPTERS 18 & 19 Update No more homework No more quizzes AKA circulatory system ◦CLOSED CIRCULAR PATHWAY ◦Each molecule of blood travels in close system Consists of heart and network of blood vessels 2 Circuits ◦Pulmonary ◦Systemic  Heart Transport system pump Location & Position Thoracic cavity between lungs 2nd and 5th Rib, slightly left Size = Fist Weight = < 1lb Coronary Circulation Continuously supplying cardiac muscle with oxygen/nutrients Extensive blood supply from Systemic Circulation directly into right atrium Coronary arteries – arise from ascending aorta Coronary veins – drain into coronary sinus or directly into right atrium  Superior Chambers Right and Left Atria Anatomy Receive blood of Heart: Inferior Chambers Chamber Right and Left s Ventricles Cardiovascular System Pump blood out Anatomy of heart - Atria Inferior Vena Atria: Receiving Cava chambers Superio Coronar Atrium = entryway r Vena y Sinus Blood returning to the heart Cava from the circulation Right Atriu m Anatomy of heart - Atria Atria: Receiving Right Left chambers Pulmona Pulmona Atrium = entryway ry Vein ry Vein Blood returning to the heart from the circulation Left Atriu m Anatomy of heart - Ventricles Ventricles: Discharging chambers Make up most volume of heart Pumps of the heart Massive walls (Reflect function of pumping blood into circulation) Anatomy of heart - Ventricles Tricusp Pulmonary id Semilunar Right Valve Right Valve Pulmona Atrium ventricle ry trunk Aortic Bicuspi Left Semilunar Left Ascendi d Valve Valve Ventricl atrium ng aorta e  Coronary Sulcus Surface groove separating atria Anatomy and ventricles of Heart: Ant. & Post. Boundari Interventricular Sulcus es groove marking boundary Cardiovascular between System the two ventricles Surface Anatomy of Heart Blood Flow Regulation Blood Flow Regulation Blood Flow Regulation – Chamber Separation Interatrial Septum Separates L & R atria Interventricular Septum Separates L & R ventricles Located in roughly the same place as interventricular sulcus Blood Flow Regulation – Chamber Separation Why do we need to keep left & right sides of heart separate? Blood Flow Regulation – Heart Valves Valves are important Prevent blood from going backwards Atrioventricular or (AV) valves Right AV valve tricuspid Left AV valve bicuspid (mitral) Semilunar Valves At exit of each ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve  Fibrous pericardium= Outermost layer Serous pericardium= Pericardium Parietal layer & Visceral layer) Double-walled sac Pericardial (peri=around, cardi = cavity= heart) Space between layers of serous pc. Layers of Heart Wall Epicardium Visceral layer of serous pericardium (already discussed) Epicard i um Myocardium Muscle wall of heart (contractile) Myocar dium Forms bulk of heart Endocardium Endoca rdiu m White sheet of endothelium Lines heart chambers Covers valves Layers of Heart Wall Epicardium Visceral layer of serous pericardium (already discussed) Epicard i um Myocardium Muscle wall of heart (contractile) Myocar dium Forms bulk of heart Endocardium Endoca rdiu m White sheet of endothelium Lines heart chambers Covers valves  Histology – Cardiac muscle tissue Cardiovascular System Layers of Heart Wall Epicardium Visceral layer of serous pericardium (already discussed) Epicard i um Myocardium Muscle wall of heart (contractile) Myocar dium Forms bulk of heart Endocardium Endoca rdiu m White sheet of endothelium Lines heart chambers Covers valves  Retention Check : 1.Which is the deepest part of the pericardium? 2.Blood leaves from right atrium and empties into where? 3.What are the three layers of the heart wall? Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular System Anatomy: Blood Vessels Circuits – Distribution Vessels Circuits – Distribution Vessels Capillarie Arteries Veins s Carry Carry Network blood blood of away toward exchang from heart e heart vessels Circuits – Distribution Vessels Capillarie Arteries Veins s Carry Carry Network blood blood of away toward exchang from heart e heart Efferent Afferent vessels Vessels Vessels Structure of Blood Vessels Vary in: ◦Size (Diameter) ◦Wall Thickness ◦Tissue Makeup  Arteriol Arteries es High pressure, Less thick, similar thick walls makeup Elastic arteries: inactive in vasoconstriction Aorta & its major branches Muscular arteries: active in vasoconstriction Distal to elastic arteries Capillari Venules Veins es Formed from Never reach Thickness of only unity of same thickness 1 cell capillaries as arteries Exchange of gases, nutrients, Also known as wastes, Collect blood capacitance hormones, etc., from capillaries vessels (blood between blood reservoirs) and interstitial fluid  Capillaries Abundant in skin & muscle Also found in brain Conti nuous Help form blood brain barrier capill aries Fenes trate d capill aries Sinus oid capill aries (sinus oids)  Capillaries Abundant in skin & muscle Also found in brain Conti nuous Help form blood brain barrier capill aries Contains windows or pores Permits rapid exchange of Fenes water and larger solutes trate Found in intestinal tract & kidneys d capill Function to absorb & filter aries Sinus oid capill aries (sinus oids) Structure of Blood Vessels  Capillaries Abundant in skin & muscle Also found in brain Conti nuous Help form blood brain barrier capill aries Contains windows or pores Permits rapid exchange of Fenes water and larger solutes trate Found in intestinal tract & kidneys d capill Function to absorb & filter aries Flattened and irregularly shaped fenestrated capillaries Gaps rather than fenestrations Sinus Permit more water and solute (plasma oid capill proteins) exchange aries Occur in liver, bone marrow, spleen, and (sinus many endocrine organs oids) Structure of Blood Vessels Capillari Venules Veins es Formed from Never reach Thickness of only unity of same thickness 1 cell capillaries as arteries Exchange of gases, nutrients, Also known as wastes, Collect blood capacitance hormones, etc., from capillaries vessels (blood between blood reservoirs) and interstitial fluid Capillary Beds Interwoven networks of capillaries between arterioles and venules Terminal arteriole Precapillary Sphincter - smooth muscle that contract and relax to control flow into the capillary bed Metarteriole / Thoroughfare channel (AKA vascular shunt) True capillaries - Branch off metarteriole or TFC Postcapillary venule Capillary Beds Interwoven networks of capillaries between arterioles and venules Terminal arteriole Precapillary Sphincter - smooth muscle that contract and relax to control flow into the capillary bed Metarteriole / Thoroughfare channel (AKA vascular shunt) True capillaries - Branch off metarteriole or TFC Postcapillary venule Capillary Beds Interwoven networks of capillaries between arterioles and venules Terminal arteriole Precapillary Sphincter - smooth muscle that contract and relax to control flow into the capillary bed Metarteriole / Thoroughfare channel (AKA vascular shunt) True capillaries - Branch off metarteriole or TFC Postcapillary venule Capillary Beds Interwoven networks of capillaries between arterioles and venules Terminal arteriole Precapillary Sphincter - smooth muscle that contract and relax to control flow into the capillary bed Metarteriole / Thoroughfare channel (AKA vascular shunt) True capillaries - Branch off metarteriole or TFC Postcapillary venule  Vascular shunt Precapillary sphincters Metarteriole Thoroughfare channel True capillaries Terminal arteriole Postcapillary venule Sphincters open—blood flows through true capillaries. Terminal arteriole Postcapillary venule Sphincters closed—blood flows through metarteriole – thoroughfare channel and bypasses true capillaries. Structure of Blood Vessels Pressure & Blood Flow in Veins Blood pressure in peripheral venules is