Anatomy Cardiovascular System Test PDF

Anatomy: Cardiovascular System Test Blood Trips (fully memorize about 10) Anatomy of the heart - label picture (anatomy book)? Semilunar Valves Atrioventricular Valves A valve between the aorta, pulmonary trunk & Valves made from membranous flaps...

Anatomy: Cardiovascular System Test Blood Trips (fully memorize about 10) Anatomy of the heart - label picture (anatomy book)? Semilunar Valves Atrioventricular Valves A valve between the aorta, pulmonary trunk & Valves made from membranous flaps that ventricle of the heart. allow blood to flow in one direction. Aortic, pulmonary Tricuspid, mitral (bicuspid) Outlets Inlets Pulmonary Circulation: moves blood between the heart and the lungs. Systemic Circulation: moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. Coronary Circulation: blood circulation in the arteries and veins supplying heart muscle. Hepatic Portal System: a system of veins that transport blood from the digestive tract to the liver. Hemostasis - a system that stops the body from bleeding. Hemophilia - a blood disorder that results in excessive bleeding into joints. Synctium: Anatomical arrangement that allows for a unique functionality of the heart fibers. Gap Junctions: Allow the passage of ions from cell to cell to permit communication across the heart. Desmosomes: A type of “glue” to prevent adjacent cells from pulling apart during forceful contractions. Coagulation: “Blood clotting” Hematopoiesis: Process by which the formed elements of blood develop Erythropoiesis: Part of hematopoiesis that deals with producing white blood cells.  Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Narrowing of the arteries Stiffening of the arteries Fetal Circulation: 3 Functions of blood: 1. Transportation 2. Regulation 3. Protection 5 types of white blood cells: 1. Neutrophils 2. Basophils 3. Eosinophils 4. Monocytes 5. Lymphocytes 3 layers of the heart (superficial-deep): 1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium 2 pressures promote filtration: 1. Blood hydrostatic pressure 2. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure 2 pressures promote reabsorption: 1. Blood colloid osmotic pressure 2. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure 3 types of capillaries: 1. Continuous capillaries 2. Fenestrated capillaries 3. Sinusoids RIGHT heart vs LEFT heart: Right: pumps blood into lungs Left: pumps blood to the body (systemically) ********blood always flows from HIGH PRESSURE to LOW PRESSURE************ DEPOLARIZATION vs REPOLARIZATION: Depolarization: contracting (P wave) Repolarization: resting/relaxing (QRS complex) PACEMAKER vs NONPACEMAKER cells: Pacemaker (nodal): slow response, found within SA and AV nodes. Nonpacemaker (contractile): fast response, found throughout the rest of the heart. Intrinsic Conduction System: - Each heart-beat is initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) - The impulse spreads through the myocardium via gap junctions - Travels along internodal fibers to the AV node - The signal travels to the Bundle of HIS.  - Connects to the Purkinje fibers which distribute impulse BLOOD PRESSURE: - Systolic BP is the higher pressure (on top) - Diastolic BP is the lower pressure (on bottom) ⬇️ Venules: small vessels formed by the union of capillaries Veins: formed from the union of venules Steps of Hemostasis: 1. Vascular spasm occurs 2. Platelet plug forms 3. Blood clotting occurs