Lab 3 - Cross-Matching, Bloodwork, Autoclave - A. Fernandez PDF

ATE 2655L Small Animal Nursing Lab 1 Lab Report 3 - Lab work, Autoclave & Cross Matching Name: _____Adriana________ Date : ___9/23/24 Exercise 1: Review of Laboratory Results The following diagnostic exams will be performed on all anesthetic patients, plea...

ATE 2655L Small Animal Nursing Lab 1 Lab Report 3 - Lab work, Autoclave & Cross Matching Name: _____Adriana________ Date : ___9/23/24 Exercise 1: Review of Laboratory Results The following diagnostic exams will be performed on all anesthetic patients, please review how to operate the CBC & Chemistry machines and be able to identify the reasons for abnormalities: Complete Blood Count ALT Alk Phos Fecal Gluc Creat HW or FeLV/FIV TP Bun Exercise 2: Run the Autoclave Machine Autoclave Sterilization 1. When using the autoclave bags, what type of indicator is used? Chemical sterilization indicators. (CTVTN, PG 1006) 2. How is the effectiveness of the autoclave process tested? a. Autoclave tape b. Culture test indicators c. Chemical sterilization indicators (CTVTN, 1006) 3. What are the two main types of autoclaves? Gravity displacement and prevacuum sterilizers. (CTVTN, PG 1005) 4. What is the difference between the two types? a. Gravity displacement: Steam is introduced into the top of the chamber and forces air to the bottom. b. Prevacuum sterilizers: Vacuum pump evacuates the air before steam is introduced i. Provides more rapid and even penetration of steam than occurs with gravity displacement ii. Permits higher temperatures and shorter duration (CTVTN, PG 1005) 5. When is complete sterilization of items obtained? a. When all materials have been exposed to steam at the proper temperature and duration. (CTVTN, PG 1004) b. After 9-15 minutes of exposure at 121 C (250 F). (PPVT, PG 370) 1  c. Use of proper technique and dependable sterilization indicators (CTVTN, PG 1006) 6. How is exposure time related to internal pressure and steam temperature? a. To destroy all living microorganisms the correct relationship among temperature, pressure, and exposure time is critical b. If steam is contained in a closed compartment under increased pressure the temperature increases as long as the volume of the compartment stays the same c. If items are exposed long enough to steam at a specified temperature and pressure they become sterile (PPVT, PG 369-370) Exercise 3: Cross Matching MAJOR AND MINOR CROSS-MATCH PROCEDURE Materials needed: Centrifuge Disposable pipettes Microscope slides Cover slips Conical tubes Saline 1 tube EDTA blood sample from DONOR and RECIPIENT PRELIMINARY TEST Before performing a cross-match, it is advisable to look at the recipient’s RBCs first. The reason for this is that any auto-agglutination or hemolysis can be ruled out. If auto-agglutination is present, alert the doctor because you may not need to continue with the cross-match. When examining the recipient’s blood under the microscope and schistocytes are seen, no more testing needs to be done. Schistocytes mean that the patient’s body is going to the furthest extent to destroy its own cells; therefore, it will most likely destroy a transfusion that is given. 1. Gently rock recipient’s EDTA tube for 15 seconds. 2. With a capillary tube, place 1 drop of blood on a microscope slide 3. Place a small amount of saline on the same microscope slide 4. Mix them both together with a wooden applicator stick 5. Observe under the microscope for RBC morphology including schistocytes and agglutination (negative – 4+) 2  6. Rule out any rouleaux by placing a coverslip on the sample. CROSS-MATCH PROCEDURE D-cells/ R-plasma (major x-match) and D-plasma/ R-cells (minor x-match) a. Label 4 conical tubes for recipient’s plasma and cells, and donor’s plasma and cells b.Label 2 slides and 2 conical tubes: c.Perform a PCV/TP on both recipient and donor d. Centrifuge both recipient and donor’s EDTA tubes at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes e. Carefully remove the plasma ONLY with a pipette trying not to draw up the buffy coat or RBCs a. Place in appropriately marked conical tubes b. Save plasma for later use f. Refill the EDTA tubes of both recipient and donor with at least 3-5 ml of saline a. Mix by gently inversion. Do NOT shake tubes. g. Centrifuge both recipient’s and donor’s tubes at 3000 rpm for 2 minutes h. Remove the saline only from each tube with a pipette and discard into the sink i. Repeat steps 6, 7, and 8 two more times j.After discarding the saline for the third time, remove 0.05 ml of blood and place it in the appropriately labeled conical tube (D cells/R cells) a. Add 0.95 ml of saline to each of these tubes to make a 5% solution k.Major Cross-match: Place 1 drop D cells and 2 drops R plasma in the conical tube labeled D cells/R plasma l.Minor Cross-match: Place 1 drop R cells and 2 drops D plasma in the conical tube labeled D plasma/ R cells m.Incubate the tubes at room temperature for 20-30 minutes n.Centrifuge for 1 minute and check for gross hemolysis and agglutination. If none can be seen, place on labeled slides and check. Rate from Negative – 4+ o.Document all steps and reactions. p.If any agglutination occurs, report the cross-match as non-compatible 3 Reading Assignment: You are responsible for this content on any quiz at any time from now. Small Animal Dental Procedures for Veterinary Technicians and Nurses Jeanne R. Perrone (Editor) Chapter 3: Components of the Dental Operatory 29 Benita Cherry Dental Delivery Units 30 Dental Handpieces 32 Power Scalers 34 Dental Tables 38 Ergonomics and Personal Protection 41 Questions: 1. When performing a crossmatch, RBC samples are “washed” so many times because: A) the sample has too many WBC and it will give false readings B) the sample is "dirty" with microfilaria, platelets and factor VII C) the sample contains too many blood cells, so it will be difficult to see if agglutination is present. (LPVT, PG 119) D) the RBC in the sample need to be revitalized in order to be viable 2. When checking a blood sample before washing the RBCs, what advantage does the coverslip have when checking for rouleaux versus auto-agglutination? A) The coverslip provides weight on the sample and will break apart rouleaux if the samples are indeed just 4 stacked on one another. Dove video B) Rouleaux formation occurs only in equine blood, so it really will not make a difference. C) RBCs are already clumping, so the coverslip will separate them. D) We need to count the RBCs in every field of vision in order to get an accurate PCV. 3. The purpose of taking a PCV/TP on both samples is to obtain a value of how low the recipients packed cell volume is and to make sure the donor’s packed cell volume is high enough to make a difference when transfusing. A) True B) False 4. If the recipient blood is auto-agglutinating a blood transfusion will not be performed because the donor is already destroying its own RBCs, so it is likely it will destroy the recipient's transfused sample. A) True dove video B) False 5. Schistocytes are clumping of platelet particles. A) True B) False (LPVT, PG 68) 6. Schistocytes mean that the patient’s body is going to the furthest extent to destroy its own cells; therefore, it will most likely destroy a transfusion that is given. A) True dove video B) False 7. In a Major Cross-match: Place 1 drop Donor RBC cells and 2 drops Recipients plasma while in a Minor Cross-match: Place 1 drop Recipients RBC cells and 2 drops Donor plasma. A) True (Article on canvas “An Update on Blood Typing, Crossmatching, and Doing no Harm in Dogs and Cats”) B) False 8. If any agglutination occurs during Cross Match, report the cross-match as compatible A) True B) False (Blood Cross Match PDF, “Animal Blood Product”) 9) What blood type is most common in domestic shorthair cats? a. type A (LPVT, PG118) b. type B c. type AB d. type C 10) The purpose of performing an auto-control in a blood crossmatch is to rule out: a. red blood cell antibodies in the plasma of the donor b. donor auto-agglutination 5 c. recipient auto-agglutination (Blood Cross Match PDF, “Animal Blood Product”) d. anemia 11) The most effective route of administration for blood transfusion therapy is: a. intravenous (VETFOLIO article “Canine and Feline Transfusion Medicine”) b. intraosseous c. intraperitoneal d. subcutaneous 12) The purpose of filtering all blood products during administration is to: a. trap cellular debris (VETFOLIO article “Canine and Feline Transfusion Medicine) b. diminish the chance of an adverse reaction c. decrease the chance of a hemolytic reaction d. deliver the product more rapidly 13) Cryoprecipitate is indicated for use in patients with: 1. hemophilia A (VETFOLIO article “Canine and Feline Transfusion Medicine) 2. hemophilia B 3. thrombocytopenia 4. thromopathia 14) Which of the following is the agent for autoclave sterilization? a. steam under pressure (PPVT, PG 369) b. dry heat c. chemical disinfectant solution d. ethylene oxide 15) Complete sterilization of items in an autoclave is obtained at: a. 9-15 min, 250 C (121 F), 15 psi b. 9-15 min, 121 C (250 F), 15 psi (PPVT, PG 370) c. 15-30 min, 350 C (500 F), 20 psi d. 15-30 min, 125 C (275 F), 20 psi 6