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History 7. History is a dialogue between the derived from the Greek word "istoria" events of the past & progressively means knowledge acquired through emerging future ends. inquiry or investigation. 8....

History 7. History is a dialogue between the derived from the Greek word "istoria" events of the past & progressively means knowledge acquired through emerging future ends. inquiry or investigation. 8. History is not only narration but it is as a discipline, it existed for around also an analysis. 2,400 years and is as old as 9. Continuity and coherence are the mathematics and philosophy necessary prerequisites of history. provides significant records of 10. History is relevant events of the past, a meaningful 11. History is comprehensive. story of mankind depicting the details of what happened to man Relevance and Functions of History and why it happened. 1. History helps us understand people & societies. Various Historians 2. History contributes to moral 1. Burckhardt - History is the record of understanding what one age finds worthy of note in 3. History provides identity. another." 4. Studying history is essential for good 2. Henry Johnson - "History, in its citizenship. broadest sense, is everything that 5. History is useful in the world of work. ever happened." 3. V.S. Smith - "The value and interest Historical Sources of history depend largely on the an object from the past or testimony degree in which the present is concerning the past which historian's illuminated by the past." use to create their own depiction of 4. Jawaharal Nehru - "History is the the past. story of man's struggle through the Written Sources - are published ages against nature and the materials (books, journals etc.) and elements; against wild beasts and manuscript (handwritten and the jungle and some of his own kind unprinted like archival materials and who have tried to keep him down memoirs) and to exploit him for their own Non-Written Sources - Oral history, benefit." artifacts, fossils, etc. Nature of History Primary Sources 1. History is a study of the present in testimony of an eyewitness. the light of the past. It must have been produced by a 2. History is the study of man. contemporary of that is narrated. 3. History is concerned with man in It is a document or physical object time. written or created during the time 4. History Is concerned with man in under study. space. These sources were present during 5. History provides an objective record an experience or time period and of happenings. offer an inside view of a particular 6. History is multisided event.  Ex. Maps, Memoirs, Personal Both primary and secondary sources are Accounts, Newspapers & useful in writing and learning history. Magazines, Legislative Journals However, they need to scrutinize these Court Records, A Historical Record, documents thoroughly to avoid deception Records of Social Observations, and to come up with the historical truth. Chronicles, Human Fossils, Artifacts, Royal Decrees and Laws, Official Historical Criticisms Reports. A. External Criticism deals with the problem of Secondary Sources Authenticity: to spothoaxes, fakes, Interpret and analyze primary forgeries and fabrications sources. they are one or more steps Tests of Authenticity are: removed from the event. ○ Determine the date if it is Ex.Printed Textbooks, Books with Anachronistic: a material, endnotes and footnotes, skill or culture does not exist Biographies, Preprints of Artwork, at that time. Journal/ Magazine which interprets ○ Determine the Provenance or or reviews previous findings, Custody: genuineness. Conference Proceedings, Literary ○ Determine the Semantics: Criticism, Book Reviews, most works meaning of a text or word incorporating primary sources ○ Determine the Hermeneutics, the Secondary Research/Tertiary Sources ambiguities (the branch of Ex. Books, Periodicals/ Magazines, knowledge that deals w/ Indexes, Databases, Internet, interpretation, especially of Market Consultants, Marketing the bible). Professionals B. Internal Criticism Repositories of Primary and Secondary deals with the problem of Credibility. Sources Tests of Credibility are: National Archives of the Philippines ○ Determine the Character of National Library of the Philippines the Author, his reliability, and National Historical Commission of his Ability and Willingness to the Philippines tell the truth. National Museum of the Philippines ○ Determine the Corroboration, U.P Main Library historical facts rest upon the OLFU Library testimony of two or more Library of Congress reliable witnesses National Archives and Records Administration Historical Method Lopez Memorial Museum the process of critically examining Ayala Museum and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.  The historian is many times removed designate non-chronological from the events under investigation systematic accounts of phenomena They rely on surviving records Presently, the word "history" means History is a reconstruction the " past of mankind". History is the study of past events, particularly in Notes: human affairs. Coherence -based on facts, chronological History in German is "Geschichte", Historical Sources - according to origin, meaning, "that which has anything that is tangible (can touch) happened". This means that the Memoirs (read as memwa or memors) - word implies that history teaches narrative historical account or biography and we may learn from the lessons written as personal knowledge or special of history sources (witness from the historical event/s With the definition of history, it brings happened) man to a recognition that history Primary and Secondary Sources - cannot be reconstructed, that the according to form past of mankind, much of it, is Primary Sources - serves as evidence beyond recall. And that even the Justify - mapatunayan best of our memories cannot Archival Materials -e.g photography, re-create our past documents, diary The reconstruction of the total past Repositories - kung saan nakatago, of mankind is the total goal of nakalagay, o pinangangalagaan yung mga historians which, however, is archival materials unattainable. Historians will never Autobiography (primary) - an account of a really know everything that person's life, written by that person happened in the past Biography (secondary) -an account of a The problem that every historian person's life, written by someone else. confronts is that the evidence they Ambiguities - kalituhan rely on is likely to be fragmented, incomplete and even contradictory. CANVAS The result is, each historian's The Meaning of History conclusions are influenced by the The English word history is derived evidence they have selected from from the Greek word "istoia" what is available and from how they meaning learning interpreted it According to Aristotle, history is the And from whatever a historian only systematic account of a set of has will be he only thing that he can natural phenomena whether or not use to connect him to the past. chronological ordering was a factor in an account, and this is considered as natural history. As time passed, the equivalent Latin word "scientia", which is science in English later was used more to  KATIPUNAN AND THE REVOLUTION: He led Philippine forces first against MEMOIRS OF GENERAL Spain in the latter part of the Philippine Revolution Santiago Alvarez Revolutionary general Reymundo Mata Honorary president of the first Fellow Caviteños directorate of the Nacionalista Party Known as "Kidlat ng Apoy" or Jacinto Lumbreras "General Apoy" A Magdiwang Hero of the Battle of Dalahican First presiding officer of the Tejeros (Cavite) Convention ○ 36 hours battle A Katipunan member ○ One of the bloodiest encounters during the Andres Bonifacio revolution A Filipino revolutionary hero ○ He scored a decisive victory Founded the Katipunan and repulsed the Spanish First leader of the Philippine troops Revolution ○ Simultaneous battle during First self-declared president of the PH revolution (November Independent Philippines 9-11, 1896) ○ The result of the battle was Dr. Pio Valenzuela the first significant Filipino A Filipino physician and a major victory in country's history figure during the Philippine Revolution Paula Carolina Malay Took on the responsibility of Graduated from UP establishing factions of the secret Turned to translation and writing society in different parts of Morong during the martial law period or Rizal province and Bulacan Translated the Katipunan and the Original member of Katipunan Revolution: Memoirs of a General Gregoria De Jesus General Artemio Founder and vice president of the Filipino general during PH revolution women's chapter of the Katipunan of Father of the Philippine Army the Philippines First Chief of Staff of the Armed Wife of Andres Bonifacio Forces of the Philippines Jose Dizon Emillo Aguinaldo A Filipino patriot who was among Filipino revolutionary, politician and those who founded the Katipunan military leader. First and the youngest president of March 14,1896 - Saturday the Philippines Gen. Santiago V. Alvarez Original member of Katipunan accompanied neophytes Emilio  Aguinaldo and Raymundo Mata to Magdiwang Government Manila for their initiation into the Mariano Alvarez as President Katipunan secret society, where they One of two Katipunan branches in waited at the quarters of Jacinto Cavite along with Magdalo Lumbreras, a Katipunan member. The Magdiwang Council was Before leaving Lumbreras place, the acknowledged as two were blindfolded as they reach "the supreme organ responsible for the home of Andres Bonifacio, the the successful campaigns against Katipunan Supremo the enemy They pledged to destroy oppression by signing their names in their own HISTORY OF THE FILIPINO PEOPLE blood and were welcomed by fellow Teodoro A. Agoncillo (November 8, 1912) katipuneros a renowned Filipino historian and national scientist, was born in April 6, 1896 - Monday Lemery, Batangas Aguinaldo asked Santiago to Agoncillo started writing history from accompany him to meet the the so-called Filipino point of view, Supremo Bonifacio to learn more along with his contemporary about the Katipunan historians Renato Constantino and They traveled from Cavite to Manila Gregorio F. Zaide via Ynchausti Boats They stand as the most prominent Aguinaldo went to the port office to 20th century Filipino historians attend some business, only to be Agoncillo's "History of the Filipino upset over the superciliousness of People" was first published in 1960. Ramon Padilla, an official at the port It remained a popular standard office textbook in many Filipino universities They walked until they reached Some his other well-known works Lavezares Street, Binondo. They include Revolts of the Masses met with Supremo Andres Bonifacio, (1956), Malolos the Crisis of the his wife Gregoria De Jesus, Jose Republic (1960), the Fateful Years Dizon, and Dr. Valenzuela himself (1965), and History of the Filipino People (1960) which are all still KKK being used as textbooks in many Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang schools Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan For this outstanding works as a Katipunan means "assembly" or historian, he was conferred as a "asscociation" that comes from the National Scientist in 1985 root word "tipon" which means Accordingly, Agoncillo obtained a "gather" Bachelor's degree in Philosophy A secret organization founded by from the University of the Philippine Filipino patriots specifically Andres in 1934 and a Master's degree in Bonifacio led to the outbreak of the Arts from the same university Philippine Revolution He became a linguistic assistant at the Institute of National Language  and as an Instructor at the Far Burial Jar in Tabon Cave Eastern University and at the At least 200 jars, jar covers and Manuel L. Quezon University and a small vessels scattered on the cave faculty member of U.P., chairing the was recovered Department of History from 1963 to 1969, until his retirement in 1977 Manunggul Cave Until his death on January 14, 1985, Discovered by Mr. Victor Decalan, Agoncillo served as a member of the Mr. Hans Kasten and volunteer National Historical Institute workers from us peace corps in 1964 TABON CAVE Composed of 4 chambers with 3 Robert Bradford Fox openings but only 2 were used for He found Tabon Caves between the jar burial year of 1962-1966 Has a large round mouth ○ Artifacts recovered ranging Tunnel-like having a send opening 50,000 years ago to the 14h on the northeast side of cliff century He led a 6-year archaeological a. Chamber A research in Palawan; caves and Has three animal or bird rock shelters of Lipuun Point heads surrounding an opening Tabon Man A unique tripod construction the oldest known human skeletal Manunggul Jar Tabon Cave ○ A kind of burial jar which is Large main cave where only unrivaled in southeast asia Pleistocene human fossils in the and considered as the work Philippines were found of a master potter Scattered fossil bones of at least 3 ○ Signifies the belief of early individuals were excavated Filipinos in life after death ○ The boatman is seated Fossil Human Bones behind a figure whose hands Tabon Man may 1 be dated from are crossed on the chest 22,000 - 24,000 years ago ○ The position of hands is a traditional Filipino practice The Beginnings of Philippine observed when arranging the Archaeology corpse The discovery of TABON cave in Palawan Other Artifacts Site of an important Philippine ○ Wooden Coffin Archaeological discovery: The ○ Kalayaan Pottery TABON MAN ○ La-kuynb Pottery ○ True Jade  Fragments of the distinct Head of the anthropology division of bracelets and other accessories the National Museum of the ○ 4 of jade Philippines ○ 3 of agate Taught at the UP and served as ○ Two made from large limpet presidential assistant for national shells minorities ○ 1 perfect jasper ear pendant ○ Super thin and translucent, PREHISPANIC SOURCE: MARAGTAS ellipsoid-shaped pendant of a The Maragtas (History of Panay) red chalcedony Published by the Kadapig sang Banwa at the El Tiempo Press,Iloilo b. Chamber B in 1907 A highly decorated funerary It is written in mixed Hiligaynon and Sand tempering Kin-iraya Surface colors Form of burial jars Pedro Monteclaro Trunconial jar cover Born in Miag-ao, lloilo on October 15, 1850 Types of Pottery Served as Teniente Mayor in 1891 ○ Tabon plain and ○ Tabon polish Gobernadorcillo in 1892-1894 ○ Tabon impressed Also known as poet in both the vernacular and Spanish Types of Shells ○ Large ring like beads Chapter 1 ○ Tiny disk beads Anthropological treatise on the ○ Typical small covering beads former customs, clothes, dialect, ○ Shell spoons heredity, organization of the Aetas In 1948, number of (Negritos) of Panay. spoons collected Chapter 2 INTERNAL CRITICISM the upcoming of the Ten Datus from About the Author Borneo, fleeing the tyranny of Datu 1918-1985 Makatunaw, and their purchase of Anthropologist and leading historian the Island of Panay from Marikudko. on the Pre- Hispanic Philippines Actively served the National Chapter 3 Museum of the Philippines in the romance of Sumakwel, 1948-1975 Kapinangan and her lover Serving as consultant to the Garung-garung, a charming little tale Philippine president on in its own right. anthropological matters and as dean of brent school in Baguio City Ten Bornean Datus ○ Aklan (now Aklan and 1. Datu Puti (And Wife Piangpangan) Capiz), under Datu Bangkay. 2. Datu Sumakwel (And Wife the 3 areas united themselves into a Kapinangan) confederation under the overall rule 3. Datu Bangkaya (And Wife Katurong) of Datu Sumakwel, the wisest of the 4. Datu Paiborong (And Wife Pabilaan) datus and this grouping was called 5. Datu Paduhinogan (And Wife the Confederation of Madya-as. Tibongsapay) 6. Datu Dumangsol CANVAS 7. Datu Libay William Henry Scott 8. Datu Dumangsil A historian of the Gran Cordillera 9. Datu Dumalogdog Central and Pre-Hispanic Philippines 10. Datu Balensuela EXCERPT FROM ANTONIO PIGAFETTA'S Chapter 4 FIRST VOYAGE concludes the tale of ten Datus, AROUND THE WORLD telling their political arrangements and their circumnavigation of the Background of the Author Island Born sometime in the closing year of Chapter 5 the 15th century. another anthropological sort of Parents: Giovanni Pigafetta and treatise describing language, Angela Zoga. commerce, clothes , customs, The eldest child among his siblings marriages, funerals, mourning of 2. habits, cockfighting, timekeeping Was a native of Vicenza, a town techniques and calendars, and about a hundred kilometers west of personal characteristics Venice, Italy. Studied astronomy, geography, and Chapter 6 cartography. gives the list of Castillian officials Served on board the ships of the between 1637 and 1808 and the Knights of Rhodes at the beginning epilogue contains a few 18th century of the 16th century. dates from Miag-ao Had an aunt, Elisabetta, who married Valerio Chiericati. The Confederation of Madia-As Accompanied Monsignor Chiericati The settlements set up in Panay by to Spain in 1519. the seven Bornean datus. Accompanied Ferdinand Magellan, The datus divided the islands into together with Juan Sebastián Elcano three areas; in the famous expedition to ○ Hantik (now Antique), under Moluccas which began in August Datu Sumakwel 1519 and ended in September 1522. ○ Irong-irong (now lloilo), under Datu Paliburong Historical Context of the Document His original diary was lost, and it is The First Voyage Around the World not known in what language it was by Antonio Pigafetta was written on written. board one of the 5 ships that was Survives in 4 manuscript versions; first to circumnavigate the world one in ltalian, 3 in French. during an expedition that was led by the Portuguese explorer, Ferdinand Analysis of the Important Information Magellan and after his death during found in the Document the voyage, by Juan Sebastián Since Magellan and his crew Elcano. The expedition started in crossed the International Dateline, 1519 and ended in Spain in 1522. there is one day added to the Name of the Spanish fleet that was original dates that Antonio Pigafetta led by Ferdinand Magellan: Armada wrote in his book for the better de Molucca. perspective of us Filipino. Provided by King Charles V, Throughout the expedition, there included 5ships: the served a translator named Enrique. ○ Trinidad (crew: 55) under Enrique was from Sumatra (present Magellan's command day Indonesia) and was a slave of ○ San Antonio (crew: 60) Ferdinand Magellan commanded by Juan de Magellan acquired Enrique as a Cartageña, slave at Malaca. ○ Concepcion (crew: 45) commanded by Gaspar de March 17, 1521 (originally March 16) Quesada Arrival in Zamal (Samar at present) ○ Santiago (crew: 32) The island was called Humunu (now commanded by Juan Homonhon) Rodriguez Serrano Magellan and his men called it ○ Victoria (crew:43) Acquada da li buoni Segnialli ("The commanded by Luiz Watering-place of Good Signs") Mendoza, which carried There are many islands in that supplies and provisions. district, and therefore they called The Santiago was a caravel, while them the archipelago of San the others were rated as carracks. Lazaro, as they were discovered on At the end of the voyage, Antonio the Sunday of St. Lazarus April 1, Pigafetta, the author of the book, 1521 (originally March 31) was on board the Victoria; this was The first mass in the Philippines was the only ship that was able to return held in Mazaua(Limasawa) to Spain. It was attended by Magellan, Raia Upon arrival in Europe, Pigafetta Colambu (Rajah Kolambu), Raia presented copies of his account to Siaui(Rajah Siagu), Spanish several high personages, including voyagers and the local islanders Pope Clement VIl, mother of King Francis I of France, etc. (Originally April 7) captain-general decided to go thither Magellan and his men entered the with three boatloads port of Zubu. The captain did not wish to fight then, but sent a message to the April 8, 1521 natives to the effect that if they Initially, Magellan and his men would obey the king of Spain, encountered some struggle first recognize the Christian king as their entering the port of Zubu. sovereign, and pay us our tribute, he The "king" of Zubu wanted Magellan would be their friend; but that if they and his men to pay tribute to them wished otherwise, they should wait but, Magellan refused and told the to see how our lances wounded." translator that they are working for the King of Spain and threatens him April 28, 1521 (originally April 27) with war. At midnight, sixty of Magellan's men set out armed with corselets and April 15, 1521 (originally April 14) helmets, Christian king, prince, A mass was held with Raja some of the chief men, 20 or 30 Humabon and his people attending balanghais (balanghay) the ceremony. The local islanders had lances of 800 souls were baptized bamboo and stakes hardened with Pigafetta showed the queen an fire image of our Lady, a very beautiful They shot the captain through the wooden child Jesus, and a cross. right leg with a poisoned arrow, She asked for the little child Jesus to knocked his helmet off his head keep in place of her idols and this twice. image of child Jesus is now known An Indian hurled a bamboo spear in as the Sto. Niño found in Cebu. the captain's face, but the latter Image of Sto. Niño de Jesus was immediately killed him with his lance, given to the Wife of Raia Humabon which he left in the Indian's body. 8 of Magellan's men were killed, 4 April 27, 1521 (originally April 26) Indians were killed by mortars. According to Zula, the chief of Of Cilapulapu's men, only 15 were Matan, Cilapulapu (Lapu-lapu) killed. refused to obey the king of Spain. Cilapulapu did not want to pay Contribution of the Document in Magellan and his men the goat that Understanding they were promised. the Grand Narrative in Phillppine History Magellan was not pleased since they Elaborated the lifestyle back then went to Matan to garner food for and it described what the local their expedition islanders wore, what they ate, how Zula requested the captain to send they communicated, and how they him only one boat load of men to lived. fight against the other chief. The Pigafetta's journal is the only known document about Lapu-Lapu's life  Considered the best source today of Businesses rose because of the the customs and usages of the discoveries that made up the Filipinos in the early 16th century different products. Collaborations due to the daily notes Pigafetta took were also made that benefited the and details about the expedition that different sides. he wrote about. Opened many doors for the Contains the first vocabulary of Philippines. Visayan words ever penned by a Helped us in knowing how the early European. Filipinos lived by the account of a primary source who witnessed it Relevance of the Document firsthand August 10, 1519 is the starting point Will help us understand how the of the first expedition around the Filipinos of the past lived and how world of Magellan. they coped when Magellan and his The book served as evidence that men came to the Philippines. the world is round and not flat. We discover what religion Filipinos This book aids the researchers and used to have and they became students of today in understanding Christians the context of the Magellan We also find out how the first expedition and how the whole Filipinos fought and delayed the Europe-Philippines conflict Spanish occupation by about 40 commenced. years Magellan discovered the Pacific Pigafetta's journal is also a vital Ocean. piece not only of Philippine history, Magellan proved that there was a but also of World history. way to the east by sailing west He narrated the events that Growing up, we've understood this transpired in a way that gives the issue just simply as the start of the readers of his journal a clear picture Spanish era and Magellan being the of what it was like to be part of the Philippines' villain without taking into first voyage around the world. debate the context and different reasons of the expedition EXCERPT FROM JUAN DE PLASENCIA'S The expedition that was held from CUSTOMS OF THE 1519-1522: TAGALOGS Opened many doors for Spain together with many other different Born to the illustrious family of countries around the world due to Portoc arreros in Plasensia in the the different discoveries from this region of Extremadura, Spain in the expedition. early 16" century. He was one of the Led the world to be a more seven children of Pedro globalized society because of how Portocarrero, a captain of a Spanish other countries were revealed to the schooner. European countries Juan de Plasencia grew up during the period known as the Siglo de  Oro, a Golden Age when arts and HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE literature flourished in many parts of DOCUMENT Spain, among them his native Social Classes Extremadura. Chieftain (Datu) Fray Joan de Puerto Carrero, del Nobles (Maharlika) convento de Villanueva de la Serena Commoners (Aliping Namamahay) was his real name. Slaves (Aliping Saguiguilir) Arrival in the Philippines Datu Fray Juan de Plasencia came chief, captain of wars, whom together with the first batch of governed, obeyed and reverenced Franciscan missionaries in the Philippines. Nobles or Maharlika Arrived at a port in Cavite, a few Free-born, they do not pay taxes kilometers south of Manila on the 2nd of July 1578. Commoners or Aliping Namamahay They live in their own houses and Purpose: Relacion De Las Costumbres lords of their property and gold. and Instruccion To put an end to some injustices Slaves or Aliping sa Guiguilir being committed against the natives They serve their master in his house by certain government officials. and his cultivated lands and can be 'The chronicler, Francis enemies, sold and so I can hardly express the sadness I feel any time the news of Mode of Dressing such incidents reach my ears or I Male myself am involved; however, if one Head gear is called Putong is to choose between enmity and (symbolizes the number of persons friendship and between peace and the wearer had killed) war, I believe enmity is to be (Upper) a jacket with short sleeves preferred. For considering the kind called Kanggan of persons most of the alcaldes (Lower) Bahag mayores are nowadays nothing indicates that friendship with them Female will help the missions in any way. On (Upper) Baro or Camisa the contrary, it will destroy them. (Lower) Saya Because, as I have observed you can hardly find one that is not Ornaments blinded and moved by greediness, A decorative object or detail that thus destroying his own soul as well adds quality or distinction to a as the lives and possessions of the person, place or thing. poor Indians. Government 1. Bigay-kaya (a piece of land The unit of government is called or gold) Barangay, ruled by a chieftain, and 2. Panghihimuyat (a gift for the consist of 30 to 100 families together bride's parents) with their relatives and slaves. 3. Bigay-suso (for bride's wet nurse) Administration of Justice Marriage between couples belonging The chieftain's executive function to different social classes were not includes implementing laws, common. ensuring order and giving protection Several grounds of divorce are: to his subject. 1. Adultery Disputes between individuals were 2. Abandonment on the part of settled by a court made up of the the husband chieftain and council of elders. 3. Cruelty 4. Insanity Inheritance The 1st son of the barangay Religious Belief chieftain inherits his father's position; They worship many gods and if the 1st son dies, the 2nd son goddesses: succeeds their father; in the absence 1. bathala, supreme being of male heirs, it is the eldest 2. Idayanale, God of agriculture daughter that becomes the chieftain. 3. Sidarapa, God of death 4. Agni, God of fire Slaves 5. Balangaw, a God of rainbow A person becomes slave by: 6. Mandarangan, God of war 1. by captivity in war 7. Lalahon, God of harvest and 2. by reason of debt 8. Siginarugan, God of hell 3. by inheritance Also believe in sacred animals and 4. by purchase by committing a trees crime Slaves can be emancipated through: Superstitious Beliefs 1. by forgiveness Believe in Aswang, Dwende, Kapre, 2. by paying debt Tikbalang, Patyanak/Tiyanak. 3. by condonation They also believe in magical power 4. by bravery (where a slave of amulet and charms such as can possibly become a Datu) anting-anting, kulam and gayuma or 5. by marriage love potion. Marriage Customs Economic Life Men were in general, monogamous; Agriculture in the plane lands: while their wives are called Asawa planting of rice, a corn, banana, Courtship begins with Paninillbihan. coconut, sugar canes and otherkinds Prior to marriage the man requires to of vegetable and fruits give a dowry: Hunting in high lands.  Fishing in river banks and sea. Juan de Plasencia Ship building, weaving, poultry, A Spanish friar of the Franciscan mining and lumbering Order. Domestic trade of different He spent most of his missionary life barangays by boat. in the Philippines where he founded Foreign trade with countries like numerous towns in Luzon and Borneo, China, Japan, Cambodia, authored several religious and Java, and Thailand linguistic books, most notably the Doctrina Cristiana (Christian Language and System of Writing Doctrine), the first book Major languages: Tagalog, llocano, ever printed in the Philippines. Pangasinan, Pangpangan, Sugbuhanon, Hiligaynon, EMILIO JACINTO y DIZON'S KARTILLA Magindanaw and Samarnon. These NG KATIPUNAN languages are originated from the [DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES] Malayo-Polenisian language. He was one of the highest-ranking System of writing: the alphabets officers during the Philippine consisted of 3 vowels and 14 revolution consonants called Baybayin. He joined the secret society They used tap of trees as ink and “kataastaasan,kagalang-galangang pointed stick as pencil. katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan”, They wrote on large plant leaves, better known as the Katipunan or bark of a tree or bamboo tubes. KKK, at the age of 19. He serves as the advisor on fiscal CANVAS matters and secretary to Andres Antonio Pigafetta Bonifacio. An Italian scholar and explorer from He edited the revolutionary the Republic of Venice. newspaper of the katipunan called He joined the expedition to the Spice KALAYAAN under the pseudonym Islands led by explorer Ferdinand “Dimasilaw” and used the monicker Magellan under the flag of King “Pingkian” in the secret society. Charles I of Spain and, after Identified as the Magellan's death in the Philippines, BRAIN OF THE KATIPUNAN, he the subsequent voyage around the authored the kartilya ng katipunan. world. Bonifacio found a twin soul in During the expedition, he served as katipunan the younger and intelligent Magellan's assistant and kept an Emilio Jacinto. accurate journal which later assisted Born in Tondo, Manila on December him in in translating the Cebuano 12,1975 language. It is the first recorded Jacinto lived a hard life when he was document concerning the language. young. His father died early which compelled his mother to send him to his uncle's house for support  He first studied at San Juan de 6. To a man with a sense of shame, his Letran and later transferred to the word is inviolate. University of Santo Tomas where he 7. Do not waste your time; lost wealth studied law. can be retrieved, but time lost is lost Jacinto joined at the katipunan forever leaving his studies. 8. Defend the oppressed and fight the Bonifacio warmed up to him and a oppressor. deep friendship developed between 9. A wise man is someone who is the two, then greatly influenced the careful in all that he says; learn to katipunan. keep the things that need to be kept He wrote in tagalog, the language of secret. the masses, expect one poem in 10. In the thorny path of life, the man Spanish, A mipatria (country) leads the way and his wife and Jacinto believed. that the people, the children follow; If the leader goes the masses, could be reached only on way of evil, so do the followers. their own language so they both 11. Never regard a woman as an object wrote in tagalog. for you to trifle with; rather you Bonifacio assigned him to lead the should consider her as a partner and rebels in laguna a friend in times of need; Give he died in mahayhay laguna on april proper considerations to a woman's 6, 1899 at the young age of 24 frailty and never forget that your own mother, who brought you forth and Mga Aral nang Katipunan ng mga A.N.B. nurtured you from infancy, is herself (The Teachings of the Katipunan) such a person 1. A life that is not dedicated to a noble 12. Do not do to the wife, children and and divine cause is like a tree brothers and sisters of others what without a shade, if not, a poisonous you do not want others to do to your weed. wife, children and brothers and 2. A deed that is motivated by sisters. self-interest or self- pity and done 13. A (person's) worth is not measured without sincerity lacks nobility. by his/her status in life, neither by 3. True piety is the act of being the length of his nose nor the charitable, loving one's fellowmen, fairness of skin, and certainly not by and being judicious in behavior, whether he is a priest claiming to be speech and deed. God's deputy. Even if he is a 4. We are all equal, regardless of the tribesman/tribeswoman from the hills color of their skin; While one could and speaks only his/her own tongue, have more education wealth or a (person) is honorable if he/she beauty than the other, none of them possesses a good character, is true can overpass one's identity. to his/her word, has fine perceptions 5. A person with a noble character and is loyal to his/her native land values honor bove self-interest, 14. When these teachings shall have while a person with a base character been propagated and the glorious values self-interest above honor.' sun of freedom begins to shine on  these poor islands to enlighten a Kartilla united race and people, then all the served as the guidebook for new loves lost, all the struggle and members of the organization, which sacrifices shal not have been in vain. laid out the group's rules and principles. The first edition of the Apolinario Mabini (Memoirs) Kartilya was written by Andres Is known in literature and history as Bonifacio. Emilio Jacinto later pens the SUBLIME PARALYTIC and the a revised Decalogue. BRAINS of the REVOLUTION. Born in Talaga, Tanauan, Batangas Apolinario Mabini on July 22 1864. Filipino revolutionary leader, Became known to his professors educator, lawyer and statesman who and classmates at Letran and the served first as a legal and UST because of his sharp memory constitutional adviser to the and the simple clothes he used to Revolutionary Government, and then wear throughout his schooling as the first Prime Minister of the Became the right-hand of Emilio Philippines upon the establishment Aguinaldo when the latter founded of the First Philippine Republic. his Republic in Malolos. He is regarded as the "Utak ng Himagsikan" or "Brain of the EMILIO AGUINALDO (Memoirs) Revolution". The first president in the Philippines Mabini performed all his He was born on March 22,1869 at revolutionary and governmental Cavite el viejo also known as Kawit, activities despite having lost the use Cavite. of both his legs to polio shortly He died on February 6, 1964 before the Philippine Revolution of His parents are Carlos Jamir 1896. Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo. THE 1898 DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE CANVAS BY AMBROSIO RIANZARES BAUTISTA Emilio Jacinto [PROCLAMATION] A Filipino General during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898 Philippine Revolution Kawit Cavite before Cavite-Viejo He was one of the highest-ranking June 12, 1898 (the Philippine officer in the Philippine Revolution Independence Day) and was one of the highest-ranking Treaty of Paris on 10 December officers of the revolutionary society 1898 Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, National Flag of The Philippines or simply and more popularly called designed by General Aguinaldo and Katipunan, being a member of its made in Hong kong by Mrs. Marcela Supreme Council. Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza  ○ The lower red stripe March 1521 during his represents patriotism and circumnavigation of the globe. valor. Following several more Spanish ○ The upper blue stripe expeditions, the first permanent signifies peace, truth and settlement was established in Cebu justice. in 1565 ○ The white triangle stands Spain had three objectives in its for Equality policy toward the Philippines, its only ○ The three stars indicate the colony in Asia: three Geographical areas ○ to acquire a share in the of Luzon, Visayas and spice trade, Mindanao. ○ to develop contacts with ○ The eight rays of the sun China and Japan in order to refer to the first eight further Christian missionary provinces of Manila, Bulacan, efforts there, and Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, ○ to convert the Filipinos to Bataan, Laguna, Batangas Christianity. and Cavite Andres Bonifacio is the one who "Marcha Filipina Magdalo" created Katipunan. This organization ○ Julian Felipe - composer was part of the late 19th century ○ Jose Palma poem "Filipina" Propaganda Movement in the Philippines.The founders of the NOTES Katipunan were The Philippines was claimed in the ○ Deodato Arrellano, name of Spain in 1521 by Ferdinand ○ Teodoro Plata, Magellan, a Portuguese explorer ○ Valentin Diaz, sailing for Spain, who named the ○ Ladislao Diwa, islands after King Philip of Spain. ○ Andres Bonifacio, and They were then called Las ○ Jose Dizon. Felipinas The Magdalo faction was officially The Battle of Mactan was a fierce led by Baldomero Aguinaldo, but clash fought in the Philippines on 27 his cousin Emilio Aguinaldo (who's April 1521. own Katipunan codename was Portuguese explorer Ferdinand "Magdalo") was its most famous Magellan was killed by a poison leader. arrow during a skirmish on the island of Mactan in what is now the 1. When was the Philippines Philippines. Magellan and his crew discovered? - March 15, 1521 were assisting a local king they had 2. The Battle when Magellan Died - allied with when they landed on the The Battle of Mactan island of Cebu weeks earlier. 3. He arrived in the Philippines on 1565 Ferdinand Magellan was the first - Miguel Lopez de Legazpi European recorded to have landed 4. The Philippines was named after in the Philippines. He arrived in him - King Philip 1 5. Spain's primary aim and intention in the first and the youngest President the Philippines was to spread?- of the Philippines (1899-1901) and Roman Catholicism first president of a constitutional 6. Katipunan was Created by Dr. Jose republic in Asia. Rizal. - F 7. June 12, 1898 is the Philippine Independence. - T 8. Emilio Aguinaldo the first President of the Philippine Republic. -T 9. Magdalo led by Andres Bonifacio - F 10. The upper blue stripe signifies Patriotism and Valor - F CANVAS The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred in Kawit, Cavite on 12 June 1898 where Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine islands from Spanish colonization after the latter was defeated at the Battle of Manila Bay on 1 May 1898 during the Spanish-American War. The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared and written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista in Spanish, who also read the said declaration. The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among them an American army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The Act declared that the Filipinos "are and have the right to be free and independent," and that the nation from "this day commences to have a life of its own, with every political tie between Filipinas and Spain severed and annulled". Emilio Aguinaldo was a filipino revolutionary politician, and military leader who is officially recognized as