Overview of European Colonisation of Southeast Asia PDF

Unit 1: European Colonisation in Southeast Asia Getting Started: Why do we study the history of Southeast Asia? What comes to your mind when I say Southeast Asia? State the first three word...

Unit 1: European Colonisation in Southeast Asia Getting Started: Why do we study the history of Southeast Asia? What comes to your mind when I say Southeast Asia? State the first three words that come to mind for you Word Cloud submissions Getting Started: Why do we study the history of Southeast Asia? Studying the common (i.e. regional ) experiences from a historical and geographical perspective Shared Geography ▪ Located East of India and South of China ▪ Viewed as a middle ground between two great civilizations Shared History ▪ Its unique geography brought along cultural influences from these two powers that shaped features of Southeast Asia Geography of Southeast Asia ▪ Divided into mainland (attached to the main land mass of Asia) and maritime Southeast Asia (comprised of islands) ▪ Geography of Southeast Asia comes to shape its cultural and religious influence and practices How do you think the cultures will differ for these 2 regions? The Regional Perspective - Studying Southeast Asia as a Region Imperialism Colonialism Policy or practice of acquiring full A policy of extending a country's or partial political control over power and influence through another country, occupying it with colonization, use of military settlers, and exploiting it force, or other means. economically → Outcome: Create empire → Outcome: Create colonies The Regional Perspective - Studying Southeast Asia as a Region Colonialism How is colonialism implemented in the region? Direct Rule ▪ The establishment of the political control is done by removing local rulers and government ▪ Colonial power creates new structures and functions for the colony Policy or practice of acquiring full Indirect Rule or partial political control over ▪ The establishment of political control another country, occupying it with is done through the local rulers settlers, and exploiting it ▪ The local rulers have limited power economically and would defer to the colonial → Outcome: Create colonies power in various matters What’s Southeast Asia Like Prior to being Colonised? Political Economic Socio-Cultural ▪ Ruled by ▪ Shaped by geography and ▪ Religious influence from Sultan/Kings location India and China according to divine - Confucianism authority ▪ Mainland Southeast Asia - Buddhism - Subsistence agriculture - Hinduism ▪ No fixed with crops such as rice - Islam via maritime territory/country as - Overland trade based on traders from Arab world dependent on goods traded with China influence of king (Mandala system) ▪ Maritime Southeast Asia - Subsistence agriculture - Maritime trade based on spice trade European Presence in Southeast Asia European Presence in Southeast Asia  Background to Colonialism in SEA - Change from free trade imperialism (14th – 18th century) to new imperialism (18th – mid 20th century). → Shift from acquisition of trading concessions to direct formalised political control over the area (i.e. creating colonies for purpose of exploitation) -Driven by need to secure their Why did European powers choose to economic interest further thus embark on IMPERIALISM? desire to assert greater control → Competition between European powers The Regional Perspective – Shared History For GOLD : Economic Reasons for Colonialism Required new markets due to market Start of industrialisation in saturation in Europe, and need for Europe, Britain serving as the primary resources to keep up with fore-runner pace in which products are being produced Suitability of SEA -Never experienced industrialisation, limited access to manufactured European goods - Tropical climate, suitable for setting up plantations for raw materials - Proximity to China, stepping stone to bigger markets The Regional Perspective – Shared History For GLORY : Political Reasons for Colonialism -Acquisition of colonies = method of increasing power and prestige for the country →Rise in number of European states industrialising and embarking on imperialism. → Sustain a competitive climate among European powers. Why colonialism in SEA as the mode for competition? -European territory clearly demarcated; no room for expansion unless through war - SEA = not annexed (opportunity for a bloodless competition, outside of Zero-sum Game mentality European soil) The Regional Perspective – Shared History For GOD : Social-Humanitarian Reasons for Colonialism - Based on idea of a “cilivilising mission” →Imperialism was driven by a Christian civilising mission to spread Christianity →Perception of non-European centres to be barbaric and uncilivised due to the practice of non-Christian religions and culture THINK: WHICH OF THESE REASONS IS THE MOST IMPORTANT TO EUROPEAN’S POWERS’ DECISION TO COLONISE SEA? → HOW DID YOU DECIDE THAT THIS WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT REASON? Warm-Up: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Gold, God or Glory? In pairs/threes, draw out an image to explain how do these 3 factors come together in driving colonisation in Southeast Asia and write a paragraph on it  Warm-Up: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Gold, God or Glory? In pairs/threes, draw out an image to explain how do these 3 factors come together Here is an God example! Glory Gold  Warm-Up: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Gold, God or Glory? In pairs/threes, draw out an image to explain how do these 3 factors come together Here is an God example! Criterion: How to decide if something Glory Gold is a main motivating factor?  Warm-Up: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Gold, God or Glory? In pairs/threes, draw out an image to explain how do these 3 factors come together Here is an God example! Main motivating factor – biggest arm; Glory Gold drives behaviour of colonising more and further  Warm-Up: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Gold, God or Glory? In pairs/threes, draw out an image to explain how do these 3 factors come together Main Here is an God motivating example! factor – biggest arm; drives Glory Gold behaviour of colonising more and further under the guise of God  Application: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Using the hypothesis you have created, let’s see if it applies to the case study of British intervention in 2 areas in Malaya ▪ Straits Settlement (Singapore) ▪ Peninsular Malaya (Perak)  Application: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Using the hypothesis you have created, let’s see if it applies to the case study of British intervention in Malaya Case Study 1: Straits God Settlements Singapore - Read p. 24 - 25 Glory Gold Case Study 2: Malaya E.g. [SG] Set up Peninsula (Perak) trading post in - Read p. 26 - 27 Singapore for trading routes to access markets in China  Application: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Using the hypothesis you have created, let’s see if it applies to the case study of British intervention in Malaya Case Study 1: Straits God Settlements Singapore - Read p. 24 - 25 Glory Gold Case Study 2: Malaya E.g. [SG] Desire to E.g. [SG] Set up Peninsula (Perak) break Dutch monopoly trading post in - Read p. 26 - 27 over the spice trade Singapore for trading routes to access markets in China  Application: Historical Debate Which do you think is the main motivating factor for Europeans to colonise Southeast Asia? Support your argument. Using the hypothesis you have created, let’s see if it applies to the case study of British intervention in Malaya Case Study 1: Straits God Settlements Singapore - Read p. 24 - 25 Glory Gold Case Study 2: Malaya E.g. [SG] Desire to E.g. [SG] Set up Peninsula (Perak) break Dutch monopoly trading post in - Read p. 26 - 27 over the spice trade Singapore for trading routes to access markets in China