photo.jpg

# Head - Head circumference (HC) is (36-33 cm), 35 cm. There are two fontanels: - **Anterior fontanel:** It is a bony gap in the skull result from incomplete fusion of 2 frontals & 2 parietal bones, it is diamond in shape, measured (2.0 × 2.5 cm) closed in (15-18 month) of life causes of delay...

# Head - Head circumference (HC) is (36-33 cm), 35 cm. There are two fontanels: - **Anterior fontanel:** It is a bony gap in the skull result from incomplete fusion of 2 frontals & 2 parietal bones, it is diamond in shape, measured (2.0 × 2.5 cm) closed in (15-18 month) of life causes of delay in closure in rickets, causes of bulging in crying, hydrocephalus. - **Posterior fontanel:** It is a bony gap in the skull result from incomplete fusion of 2 occipitals & 2 parietal bones, it is a triangular in shape, measured (...0 cm) in width, closed in (8-6 week) of life. # Chest - Chest circumference (CC) is (30-33 cm), it is like a bell. (CC) is equally or less than the (HC). # Muscles - It is fine and small, but have full strength. # The Nervous System (N.S) - The brain of the NBB is immature so that the reaction of the NBB to the external stimuli is by a reflex called primitive reflexes (PR) the presence of these PR indicate that the (N.S) was normal or (health). ## The primitive reflexes are: * **Motor PR include:** Moro reflex or (startle R) grasping, stepping, knee jerk, plantar reflexes. * **Primitive reflexes related to the feeding include:** Rooting, sucking, swallowing reflexes. * **Protective reflexes include:** sneezing, coughing Blinking, yawing, gagging reflexes. ### **Primitive reflexes related to Motor** 1. **Moro reflex (startle R):** When the NBB exposed to a high voice or sudden change of his position the baby will extend and abduct both arms and legs then flexion and adduction of both. 2. **Grasping R:** When the index finger is placed across the palm will cause flexion and grasping of the fingers.