Nervous System Notes PDF

Axon Terminal Electrochemical Synapse Ca2+ pre-synaptic synaptic duct post Na+ -55mV post-synpatic The Nervous System...

Axon Terminal Electrochemical Synapse Ca2+ pre-synaptic synaptic duct post Na+ -55mV post-synpatic The Nervous System Two Anatomical Divisions Central Nervous system (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Neurons are busy cells…but how are they supported within the two divisions of the Nervous System? 29 Google Image  phagocytosis immunity myelin Neuroglial Neuroglial myelin CSF cell bodies nutrients in growth brain-blood barrier & protection 1) Blank Notes to Fill 2) Blank diagrams to Label Overview of this Section….. ❑ Understand the major regions of the brain ❑ Know the structure/organization of the spinal cord Frontal Brain Stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum ❑ Describe the somatic reflex arc & identify the parts of Parietal Temporal the nervous system involved in the reflex arc. Occipital Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata Google Image  Membrane supporting The Nervous meninges _______________ are three System-Meninges membranes that supports and protects the brain and spinal cord The fluid between the membranes is: cerebrospinal fluid (CBS) Cranial Meninges Spinal Meninges 35 Google Image Let’s Label- The Human Brain Walnut From Structure to Function….. The Central Nervous System Frontal Brain Stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Cerebrum Parietal Four Major Areas of the Brain Temporal C The __erebrum Occipital Thalamus TheD __iencephalon Hypothalamus TheC __erebellum B Stem The __rain Pituitary Gland Pneal Gland Midbrain Diencephalon Pons Medulla Oblongata 38  Cerebrum-The most superficial part of the brain Two cerebral hemispheres longitudinal Divided by ____________________ fissure Google Image Visual Memory Aid: Cor-PLUS Call-O-SUM Two cerebral hemispheres Connected by the ______________ Corpus Callosum ________________________ Google Image  Visual Memory Aid: 41 TEXas hat sits on the Cerebrum Outermost part of the head cortex The cerebral ___________ is the region that accounts for sensation, voluntary movement, and conscious thought Gray Matter grey _____________ matter: consists of cell bodies, dendrites, and white matter: consists of _________________ ___________ myelinated unmyelinated _______________________axons axons Google Image The Lobes of a Cerebral Hemisphere Frontal Cerebrum Parietal Temporal Occipital 42  Frontal Cerebrum Parietal Temporal Fingers are distal ________ to the palm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HieUJTLaOZY Occipital  Frontal Cerebrum Parietal Temporal Occipital Visual Memory Aid: Pira nha fish biting the head, will be painful https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HieUJTLaOZY  Frontal Cerebrum Parietal Temporal Occipital https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HieUJTLaOZY  Frontal Cerebrum Parietal Temporal Occipital Visual Memory Aid: you ’C’ through your eyes which are like a letter ‘O’ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HieUJTLaOZY Google Image  Cerebrum Summary Frontal Parietal Cerebrum Temporal Occipital Visual Memory Aid: Filthy POT Google Image Google Image  Diencephalon Thalamus The Brain Diencephalon Hypothalamus The Diencephalon Thalamus Pituitary Gland Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Pineal Gland 50 Google Image Diencephalon Diencephalon Thalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Pineal gland Memory Aid: The thalamus is a sensory relay center Receives incoming information and sends it to appropriate area 51 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI  Diencephalon Diencephalon - Hypothalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus homeostasis The hypothalamus is a ________________ control center Pituitary Gland Body temperature Pineal gland Water balance hormones Hunger and thirst Sleep Visual Memory Aid: 52 Google Image  Diencephalon Diencephalon - Hypothalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland The hypothalamus manufactures Pituitary Gland hormones _________________ and controls the Pineal gland pituitary ________________gland 53 Google Image  Memory Aid: Cerebellum The Brain The Cerebellum Receives both sensory and motor input smooth, coordinated Functions to assure ________________________movements Visual Memory Aid: 54 Google Image The Limbic System and Higher Mental Functions The Limbic System Amygdala (fight/flight/fawn) __________________ Allows us to respond to and respond to: Anger, defensiveness, avoidance, fear adrenaline Promotes the release of ______________ Visual Memory Aid: A-MIG is a scary fighter jet Hippocampus Communicates with the prefrontal area of the brain memory ___________________ Google Image Visual Memory Aid: Hippo-COMPASS  Brain Stem Brain Stem Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI Google Image  Brain Stem Brain Stem Midbrain Pons The Brain Stem Medulla Oblongata 1) Midbrain acts as a relay center between cerebrum and cerebellum, and controls reflexes Visual Memory Aid: 2) Pons (bridge) Controls relaxation reflexes urination process including the ___________ 3) Medulla oblongata: Control center for: Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, coughing, vomiting respiratory ________________ & cardovasular __________________center Visual Memory Aid: Med als are worn closer to the heart & lungs Google Image https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI  The Spinal Cord Google Image The Central Nervous System The Spinal Cord Structure Extends from base of brain into vertebral canal Protected by vertebrae Intervertebral disks cushion and separate Google Image Let’s Label-The Spinal Cord The Central Nervous System The Spinal Cord 61 Structure Cross-sectional anatomy Central gray matter Shaped like letter “H” dorsal root- __________ sensory fibers entering _________ the gray matter ventral root __________ motor ___________fibers leaving the gray matter Dorsal and ventral roots join as spinal nerve ________________ P Spinal nerves are part of the ______NS Google Image  ganglia (collection of nerve ___________ cell bodies) A sensory neuron B interneuron Ganglia C motor neuron 62  Ganglia Visual Memory Aid: Incoming Goods are delivered at the back (dorsal) door (root) Visual Memory Aid: Once bought, Goods always leave the front (ventral) door (root) Memory aid: SAME  Anatomy of a Neuron-Memory Recall…. If the nerve signal needs to move from the body to the brain (afferent signals) or from the brain to the body (efferent signals), which of the following structures help in a long-distance impulse propagation? F A B D E Google Image C Gray & White Matter in Brain vs. Spinal Cord Gray Matter gray matter = un myelinated white matter = myelinated Google Image The Peripheral Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System is composed of: _________ nerves (bundles of nerve fibers) ____________ ganlia (collection of nerve cell bodies) Ganglia 68 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qB6WPr5Jhc4 The Peripheral Nervous System Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System The Somatic System The Autonomic System 69 The Peripheral Nervous System 70 Somatic System Is responsible for carrying both the Sensory _________________ and Motor _________________information. Sensory information is carried from sensory ______________________receptors to the CNS and motor information is effector 9 for a response) carried to the ____________ These nerves process sensory stimuli from Skin, Sensory organs and Skeletal Muscles A Somatic Reflex The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic System Some actions are voluntary The Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic System Regulates the activity of cardiac and smooth muscle and glands Two Divisions Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems Features in common Function automatically and generally involuntary are __________________ Innervate all internal organs 72 The Peripheral Nervous System Sympathetic Division Mediates the __________________________ fight/flight short term stress _______________response Increases heart rate and contractility, dilates bronchi Inhibits the digestive tract Parasympathetic Division rest and  Mediates ________________ digestive _______________functions  Promotes digestion  Decreases heart rate 73 The Peripheral Nervous System 74 Coming up Next….. Hypothalamus Bridges the Gap Between the Nervous System and the Endocrine System Nervous System Endocrine System Hypothalamus Autonomic Nervous System Pituitary Gland 75 Google Image