ITN_Module_1_Networking Today.pptx

Module 1: Networking Today Instructor Materials Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) Module 1: Networking Today Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) Module Objectives Module Title: Networking Today Module Objective: Explain the advances in modern technologies. Topic Title...

Module 1: Networking Today Instructor Materials Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) Module 1: Networking Today Introduction to Networks v7.0 (ITN) Module Objectives Module Title: Networking Today Module Objective: Explain the advances in modern technologies. Topic Title Topic Objective Networks Affect our Lives Explain how networks affect our daily lives. Network Components Explain how host and network devices are used. Network Representations and Topologies Explain network representations and how they are used in network topologies. Common Types of Networks Compare the characteristics of common types of networks. Internet Connections Explain how LANs and WANs interconnect to the internet. Reliable Networks Describe the four basic requirements of a reliable network. Network Trends Explain how trends such as BYOD, online collaboration, video, and cloud computing are changing the way we interact. Network Security Identify some basic security threats and solution for all networks. The IT Professional Explain employment opportunities in the networking field. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 1.1 Networks Affect Our Lives © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 Networking Today Networks Connect Us Communication is almost as important to us as our reliance on air, water, food, and shelter. In today’s world, through the use of networks, we are connected like never before. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 Networking Today Video – The Cisco Networking Academy Learning Experience Cisco Networking Academy: learn how we use technology to make the world a better place. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16 Networking Today No Boundaries World without boundaries - national borders, geographic distances, and physical limitations become less relevant, presenting ever-diminishing obstacles. Global communities - allow for social interaction that is independent of location or time zone. Human network - The creation of the cloud lets us store documents and pictures and access them anywhere, anytime. So whether we are on a train, in a park, or standing on top of a mountain, we can seamlessly access our data and applications on any device. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17 1.2 Network Components © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18 Network Components Host Roles Every computer on a network is called a host or end device. Servers are computers that provide information to end devices: email servers web servers Server Description Type file server Email Email server runs email server software. Clients are computers that send Clients use client software to access email. requests to the servers to retrieve Web Web server runs web server software. information: Clients use browser software to access web pages. web page from a web server email from an email server File File server stores corporate and user files. The client devices access these files. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19 Network Components Peer-to-Peer It is possible to have a device be a client and a server in a Peer-to-Peer Network. This type of network design is only recommended for very small networks. Advantages Disadvantages Easy to set up No centralized administration Less complex Not as secure Lower cost Not scalable Used for simple tasks: transferring files and Slower performance sharing printers © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20 Network Components End Devices An end device is where a message originates from or where it is received. Data originates with an end device, flows through the network, and arrives at an end device. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21 Network Components End Devices Some examples of end devices are:  Computers (work stations, laptops, file servers, web servers)  Network printers  VoIP phones  TelePresence endpoint  Security cameras  Mobile handheld devices (such as smart phones, tablets, PDAs, and wireless debit / credit card readers and barcode scanners) © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22 Network Components Intermediary Network Devices An intermediary device interconnects end devices. Examples include switches, wireless access points, routers, and firewalls. Management of data as it flows through a network is also the role of an intermediary device, including: Regenerate and retransmit data signals. Maintain information about what pathways exist in the network. Notify other devices of errors and communication failures. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23 Network Components Intermediary Network Devices Examples of intermediary network devices are:  Network Access Devices (switches, and wireless access points)  Internetworking Devices (routers)  Security Devices (firewalls) © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24 Network Components Network Media Communication across a network is carried through a medium which allows a message to travel from source to destination. Media Types Description Metal wires within cables Uses electrical impulses Glass or plastic fibers Uses pulses of light. within cables (fiber-optic cable) Wireless transmission Uses modulation of specific frequencies of electromagnetic waves. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25 Network Components Network Media (Continued)  All network media have different features and benefits  Not all of them have the same characteristics nor they are appropriate for the same purpose  Criteria for choosing the netrwork media: Maximum distance the media can successfully carry the signal Installation environment How much data at what speed can it be transmitted The cost of the media as well as the installation costs © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26 1.3 Network Representations and Topologies © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27 Network Representations and Topologies Network Representations Network diagrams, often called topology diagrams, use symbols to represent devices within the network. Important terms to know include: Network Interface Card (NIC) Physical Port Interface - Specialized ports on a networking device that connect to individual networks Note: Often, the terms port and interface are used interchangeably © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28 Network Representations and Topologies Topology Diagrams Physical topology diagrams illustrate the Logical topology diagrams illustrate devices, physical location of intermediary devices ports, and the addressing scheme of the and cable installation. network. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29 Components of a Network Topology Diagrams © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30 1.4 Common Types of Networks © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31 Common Types of Networks Networks of Many Sizes Small Home Networks – connect a few computers to each other and the Internet Small Office/Home Office – enables computer within a home or remote office to connect to a corporate network. Allows people to work from home (remote office) Medium to Large Networks – many Small Home SOHO locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected computers. Mainly for businesses and large organizations World Wide Networks – connects hundreds of millions of computers world- wide – such as the internet. The largest network in existence. a collection of Medium/Large World Wide interconnected private and public © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32 networks. Common Types of Networks Network infrastructures vary greatly in LANs and WANs terms of: Size of the area covered Number of users connected Number and types of services available Area of responsibility Two most common types of networks: Local Area Network (LAN): typically used in a department within an enterprise, a home, or a small business network Wide Area Network (WAN): a network infrastructure that provides access to other networks over a wide geographical area, © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33 Common Types of Networks LANs and WANs (cont.) A LAN is a network infrastructure that spans A WAN is a network infrastructure that spans a small geographical area. a wide geographical area. LAN WAN Interconnect end devices in a limited area. Interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas. Administered by a single organization or Typically administered by one or more service individual. providers. Provide high-speed bandwidth to internal Typically provide slower speed links between LANs. devices. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34 Common Types of Networks LANs and WANs (cont.) LAN  interconnect end devices in a limited area such as a home, school, office building, or campus.  usually administered by a single organization or individual  Administrative control is enforced at the network level and governs the security and access control policies.  provide high-speed bandwidth to internal end devices and intermediary devices WAN  interconnect LANs over wide geographical areas such as between cities, states, provinces, countries, or continents  usually administered by multiple service providers.  typically provide slower speed links between LANs. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35 Common Types of Networks The Internet (Internetworks) The internet is a worldwide collection of interconnected LANs and WANs. LANs are connected to each other using WANs. WANs may use copper wires, fiber optic cables, and wireless transmissions. The internet is not owned by any individual or group. The following groups were developed to help maintain structure on the internet: IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force ICANN - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers IAB - Internet Architecture Board © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36 Common Types of Networks An intranet is a private collection of LANs and WANs Intranets and Extranets internal to an organization that is meant to be accessible only to the organizations members or others with authorization. An organization might use an extranet to provide secure access to their network for individuals who work for a different organization that need access to their data on their network. Here are some examples of extranets:  A company that is providing access to outside suppliers and contractors  A hospital that is providing a booking system to doctors so they can make appointments for their patients  A local office of education that is providing budget and personnel information to the schools in its district © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37 1.5 Internet Connections © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38 Internet Connections Internet Access Technologies Now you understand what makes up a network and different types of networks, but how do they connect to internet. There are many ways to connect users and organizations to the internet: Home users and small offices require connection to an ISP to access internet. This connections are determined by the geographical locations. Popular services for home users and small offices include broadband cable, broadband digital subscriber line (DSL), wireless WANs, and mobile services. Organizations need faster connections to support IP phones, video conferencing and data center storage. Business-class interconnections are usually provided by service providers (SP) and may include: business DSL, leased lines, and Metro Ethernet. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39 Internet Connections Connection Description Home and Small Office Cable (coaxial) high bandwidth, high availability, always on, internet offered by cable television service providers. the internet data signal transmits on the Internet Connections DSL same cable that delivers cable television high bandwidth, high availability, always on, (Digital internet connection that runs over a telephone line. Subscriber small office and home office users connect using line) Asymmetrical DSL (ADSL), which means that the download speed is faster than the upload speed. Cellular uses a cell phone network to connect to the internet. Performance is limited by the capabilities of the phone and the cell tower to which it is connected Satellite major benefit to rural areas without Internet Service Providers. Satellite dishes require a clear line of sight to the satellite Dial-up an inexpensive, low bandwidth option using a telephone modem. Not sufficient for large data transfer, although it is useful for mobile access while traveling. Less common than DSL/Cable © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40 Internet Connections Businesses Internet Connections Corporate business connections may Type of Description Connectio require: n higher bandwidth Dedicated These are reserved circuits within Leased Line the service provider’s network that dedicated connections connect distant offices with private voice and/or data networking. managed services Ethernet This extends LAN access technology WAN/Metro into the WAN. Ethernet DSL Business DSL is available in various formats including Symmetric Digital Subscriber Lines (SDSL). Satellite This can provide a connection when a wired solution is not available. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41 Internet Connections The Converging Network Traditional Separate Networks Before converged networks, an organization would have been separately cabled for telephone, video, and data. Each of these networks would use different technologies to carry the signal. Each of these technologies would use a different set of rules and standards. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42 Internet Connections The Converging Network (Cont.) Converged Networks Converged data networks carry multiple services on one link including: data voice video Converged networks can deliver data, voice, and video over the same network infrastructure. The network infrastructure uses the same set of rules and standards. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43 Internet Connections Video – Download and Install Packet Tracer This video will demonstrate the download and install process of Packet Tracer. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44 Internet Connections Video – Getting Started in Cisco Packet Tracer This video will cover the following: Navigate the Packet Tracer interface Customize the Packet Tracer Interface © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45 Internet Connections Packet Tracer – Network Representation In this Packet tracer you will do the following: The network model in this activity incorporates many of the technologies that you will master in your CCNA studies. Note: It is not important that you understand everything you see and do in this activity. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 46 1.6 Reliable Networks © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 47 Reliable Network Network Architecture Network Architecture refers to the technologies that support the infrastructure that moves data across the network. There are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address to meet user expectations: Fault Tolerance Scalability Quality of Service (QoS) Security © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48 Reliable Network Fault Tolerance A fault tolerant network limits the impact of a failure by limiting the number of affected devices. Multiple paths are required for fault tolerance. Reliable networks provide redundancy by implementing a packet switched network (normally used for digital data): Packet switching splits traffic into packets that are routed over a network. Each packet could theoretically take a different path to the destination. This is not possible with circuit-switched networks which establish dedicated circuits (normally for phone calls). © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49 Reliable Network Scalability A scalable network can expand quickly and easily to support new users and applications without impacting the performance of services to existing users. Network designers follow accepted standards and protocols in order to make the networks scalable. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50 Reliable Network Quality of Service Voice and live video transmissions require higher expectations for those services being delivered. Have you ever watched a live video with constant breaks and pauses? This is caused when there is a higher demand for bandwidth than available – and QoS isn’t configured. Quality of Service (QoS) is the primary mechanism used to ensure reliable delivery of content for all users. With a QoS policy in place, the router can more easily manage the flow of data and voice traffic. The focus of QoS is to prioritize time-sensitive traffic. The type of traffic, not the content of © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 51 the traffic, is what is important. Reliable Network There are two main types of network Network Security security that must be addressed: Network infrastructure security Physical security of network devices Preventing unauthorized access to the devices Information Security Protection of the information or data transmitted over the network Three goals of network security: Confidentiality – only intended & authorised recipients can read the data Integrity – assurance that the data has not be altered with during transmission Availability – assurance of timely and reliable access to data for authorized users © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 52 1.7 Network Trends © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53 Network Trends Recent Trends The role of the network must adjust and continually transform in order to be able to keep up with new technologies and end user devices as they constantly come to the market. Several new networking trends that effect organizations and consumers: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Online collaboration Video communications Cloud computing © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 54 Network Trends Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) allows Bring Your Own Device users to use their own devices giving them more opportunities and greater flexibility. BYOD allows end users to have the freedom to use personal tools to access information and communicate using their: Laptops Netbooks Tablets Smartphones E-readers BYOD means any device, with any ownership, used anywhere. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 55 Network Trends Online Collaboration  Collaborate and work with others over the network on joint projects.  Collaboration tools including Cisco WebEx (shown in the figure) gives users a way to instantly connect and interact.  Collaboration is a very high priority for businesses and in education.  Cisco Webex Teams is a multifunctional collaboration tool. send instant messages post images post videos and links © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 56 Network Trends Video Communication Video calls are made to anyone, regardless of where they are located. Video conferencing is a powerful tool for communicating with others. Video is becoming a critical requirement for effective collaboration. Cisco TelePresence powers is one way of working where everyone, everywhere. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 57 Network Trends Video – Cisco WebEx for Huddles © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 58 Network Trends Cloud Computing Cloud computing allows us to store personal files or backup our data on servers over the internet. Applications can also be accessed using the Cloud. Allows businesses to deliver to any device anywhere in the world. Cloud computing is made possible by data centers. Smaller companies that can’t afford their own data centers, lease server and storage services from larger data center organizations in the Cloud. For security, reliability, and fault tolerance, cloud providers often store data in distributed data centers. Instead of storing all the data of a person or an organization in one data center, it is stored in multiple data centers in different locations © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 59 Network Trends Cloud Computing (Cont.) Four types of Clouds: Public Clouds Available to the general public through a pay-per-use model or for free. Private Clouds Intended for a specific organization or entity such as the government. Hybrid Clouds Made up of two or more Cloud types – for example, part custom and part public. Each part remains a distinctive object but both are connected using the same architecture. Custom Clouds (Community clouds) Built to meet the needs of a specific industry, such as healthcare or media. Can be private or public. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 60 Network Trends Technology Trends in the Home Smart home technology is a growing trend that allows technology to be integrated into every-day appliances which allows them to interconnect with other devices. Ovens might know what time to cook a meal for you by communicating with your calendar on what time you are scheduled to be home. Smart home technology is currently being developed for all rooms within a house. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 61 Network Trends Semillar to DSL Powerline Networking Powerline networking can allow devices to connect to a LAN where data network cables or wireless communications are not a viable option. Using a standard powerline adapter, devices can connect to the LAN wherever there is an electrical outlet by sending data on certain frequencies. Powerline networking is especially useful when wireless access points cannot reach all the devices in the home. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 62 Network Trends Wireless Broadband In addition to DSL and cable, wireless is another option used to connect homes and small businesses to the internet. More commonly found in rural environments, a Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) is an ISP that connects subscribers to designated access points or hotspots. Wireless broadband is another solution for the home and small businesses. Uses the same cellular technology used by a smart phone. An antenna is installed outside the house providing wireless or wired connectivity for devices in the home. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 63 1.8 Network Security © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 64 Network Security Security Threats Network security is always going to be a top priority of administrators. Network security is an integral part of networking regardless of the size of the network. The network security that is implemented must take into account the environment while securing the data, but still allowing for quality of service that is expected of the network. Securing a network involves many protocols, technologies, devices, tools, and techniques in order to secure data and mitigate threats. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 65 Threat vectors might be external Network Security Security Threats (Cont.) External Threats: Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses: These contain malicious software or code running on a user device Spyware and adware: installed on a user’s device. The software then secretly collects information about the user Zero-day attacks: these occur on the first day that a vulnerability becomes known Threat Actor attacks: A malicious person attacks user devices or network resources Denial of service attacks: These attacks slow or crash applications and processes on a network device Data interception and theft: This attack captures private information from an organization’s network Identity theft: This attack steals the login credentials of a user in order to access private data © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 66 Network Security Security Threats (Cont.) Internal Threats: lost or stolen devices accidental misuse by employees malicious employees BOYD also cause the data to be more vulnerable © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 67 Network Security Security Solutions Security must be implemented in multiple layers using more than one security solution. Network security components for home or small office network: Antivirus and antispyware software should be installed on end devices. Firewall filtering used to block unauthorized access to the network. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68 Network Security Security Solutions (Cont.) Larger networks have additional security requirements: Dedicated firewall system: provide more advanced firewall capabilities Access control lists (ACL): filter access and traffic forwarding based on IP addresses and applications. Intrusion prevention systems (IPS): identify fast-spreading threats, such as zero-day or zero-hour attacks. Virtual private networks (VPN): provide secure access into an organization for remote workers The study of network security starts with a clear understanding of the underlying switching and routing infrastructure. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 69 1.9 The IT Professional © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 70 The IT Professional The Cisco Certified Network Associate CCNA (CCNA) certification: demonstrates that you have a knowledge of foundational technologies ensures you stay relevant with skills needed for the adoption of next-generation technologies. The new CCNA focus: IP foundation and security topics Wireless, virtualization, automation, and network programmability. New DevNet certifications at the associate, specialist and professional levels, to validate your software development skills. Specialist certification validate your skills in line with your job role and interests. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71 The IT Professional Networking Jobs At www.netacad.com you can click the Careers menu and then select Employment opportunities. Find employment opportunities by using the Talent Bridge Matching Engine. Search for jobs with Cisco, Cisco partners and distributors seeking Cisco Networking Academy students and alumni. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72 The IT Professional Lab – Researching IT and Networking Job Opportunities In this lab, you will complete the following objectives: Research Job Opportunities Reflect on Research © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73 1.10 Module Practice and Quiz © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 74 Module Practice and Quiz What did I learn in this module? Through the use of networks, we are connected like never before. All computers that are connected to a network and participate directly in network communication are classified as hosts. Diagrams of networks often use symbols to represent the different devices and connections that make up a network. A diagram provides an easy way to understand how devices connect in a large network. The two types of network infrastructures are Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs). SOHO internet connections include cable, DSL, Cellular, Satellite, and Dial-up telephone. Business internet connections include Dedicated Leased Line, Metro Ethernet, Business DSL, and Satellite. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 75 Module Practice and Quiz What did I learn in this module? (Cont.) Network architecture refers to the technologies that support the infrastructure and the programmed services and rules, or protocols, that move data across the network. There are four basic characteristics of network architecture: Fault Tolerance, Scalability, Quality of Service (QoS), and Security. Recent networking trends that affect organizations and consumers: Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), online collaboration, video communications, and cloud computing. There are several common external and internal threats to networks. Larger networks and corporate networks use antivirus, antispyware, and firewall filtering, but they also have other security requirements: Dedicated firewall systems, Access control lists (ACL), Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), and Virtual private networks (VPN) The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certification demonstrates your knowledge of foundational technologies. © 2016 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 76