Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm PDF

Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Sixteenth Edition Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology...

Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm Sixteenth Edition Chapter 7 Telecommunications, the Internet, and Wireless Technology Slide in this Presentation Contain Hyperlinks. JAWS users should be able to get a list of links by using INSERT+F7 Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Objectives 7.1 What are the principal components of telecommunications networks and key networking technologies? 7.2 What are the different types of networks? 7.3 How do the Internet and Internet technology work, and how do they support communication and e-business? 7.4 What are the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking, communication, and Internet access? Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Networking and Communication Trends Convergence – Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet standards Broadband – More than 76 percent U.S. Internet users have broadband access Broadband wireless – Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless platforms Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved What Is a Computer Network? Two or more connected computers Major components in simple network – Client and server computers – Network interfaces (NICs) – Connection medium – Network operating system (NOS) – Hubs, switches, routers Software-defined networking (S DN) – Functions of switches and routers managed by central program Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.1 Components of a Simple Computer Network Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Networks in Large Companies Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to firm-wide corporate network Various powerful servers – Website, corporate intranet, extranet – Backend systems Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks) Videoconferencing system Telephone network, wireless cell phones Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.2 Corporate Network Infrastructure Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Digital Networking Technologies (1 of 3) Client/server computing – Distributed computing model – Clients linked through network controlled by network server computer – Server sets rules of communication for network and provides every client with an address so others can find it on the network – Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing – The Internet: largest implementation of client/server computing Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Digital Networking Technologies (2 of 3) Packet switching – Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at destination – Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-point circuit – Packet switching more efficient use of network’s communications capacity Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.3 Packet-Switched Networks and Packet Communications Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Digital Networking Technologies (3 of 3) TCP/IP and connectivity – Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information between two points – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP /IP)  Common worldwide standard that is basis for the Internet – Department of Defense reference model for TCP /IP  Four layers – Application layer – Transport layer – Internet layer – Network interface layer Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.4 The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (T C P/I P) Reference Model Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Types of Networks Signals: Digital versus analog – Modem: translates digital signals into analog form (and vice versa) Types of networks – Local area networks (LANs)  Ethernet  Client/server vs. peer-to-peer – Wide area networks (WANs) – Metropolitan area networks (MANs) – Campus area networks (CANs) Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.5 Functions of the Modem Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Transmission Media and Transmission Speed Physical transmission media – Twisted pair wire (CAT5) – Coaxial cable – Fiber optics cable – Wireless transmission media and devices  Satellites  Cellular systems Transmission speed – Bits per second (bps) – Hertz – Bandwidth Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved What is the Internet? The Internet – World’s most extensive network – Internet service providers (I SPs)  Provide connections  Types of Internet connections – Dial-up: 56.6 K bps – Digital subscriber line (DSL/FIO S): 385 Kbp s – 40 Mbp s – Cable Internet connections: 1–50 Mb ps – Satellite – T1/T3 lines: 1.54–45 Mbps Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Internet Addressing and Architecture Each device on Internet assigned Internet Protocol (IP) address 32-bit number, e.g. 207.46.250.119 The Domain Name System (DNS) – Converts I P addresses to domain names – Hierarchical structure – Top-level domains Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.6 The Domain Name System Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Internet Architecture and Governance Network service providers – Own trunk lines (high-speed backbone networks) Regional telephone and cable T V companies – Provide regional and local access Professional organizations and government bodies establish Internet standards – IAB – ICANN – W3C Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.7 Internet Network Architecture Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Future Internet: I P v 6 and Internet 2 I Pv 6 – New addressing scheme for IP numbers – Will provide more than a quadrillion new addresses – Not compatible with current IPv5 addressing Internet2 – Advanced networking consortium  Universities, businesses, government agencies, other institutions – Developed high-capacity 100 Gb ps testing network – Testing leading-edge new technologies for Internet Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Internet Services and Communication Tools (1 of 2) Internet services – E-mail – Chatting and instant messaging – Newsgroups – Telnet – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – World Wide Web Voice over IP (V oIP) – Digital voice communication using IP, packet switching Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.8 Client/Server Computing on the Internet Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Internet Services and Communication Tools (2 of 2) Unified communications – Communications systems that integrate voice, data, e-mail, conferencing Virtual private network (V PN) – Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet – PPTP – Tunneling Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.9 How Voice over IP Works Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.10 A Virtual Private Network Using the Internet Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Web Hypertext – Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): – Uniform resource locator (U RL):  http://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602. html Web servers  Software for locating and managing web pages Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Searching for Information on the Web Mobile search Semantic search Social search Visual search Intelligent agent shopping bots Search engine marketing Search engine optimization (S EO) Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.11 Top Desktop/Laptop Web Search Engines Worldwide Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.12 How Google Works Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Future Web More tools to make sense of trillions of pages on the Internet Pervasive web Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of People App Internet Increased cloud computing and SaaS Ubiquitous mobile connectivity Greater seamlessness of web as a whole Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cellular Systems (1 of 2) Competing standards – CDMA : United States only – GSM : Rest of world, AT&T, T-Mobile Third-generation (3G) networks – 144 Kbp s – Suitable for e-mail access, web browsing Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cellular Systems (2 of 2) Fourth-generation (4G) networks – Up to 100 Mbps – Suitable for Internet video – LTE and Wi Max 5G Networks – Gigabit capacity – Currently under development and early test deployments Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access (1 of 2) Bluetooth (802.15) – Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using low-power, eter radio-based communication – Useful for personal networking (PANs) Wi-Fi (802.11) – Set of standards: 802.11 – Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access – Use access points: device with radio receiver/transmitter for connecting wireless devices to a wired LAN Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access (2 of 2) – Hotspots: one or more access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specific area – Weak security features WiMax (802.16) – Wireless access range of 31 miles – Require W iMa x antennas Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.13 A Bluetooth Network (P A N) Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.14 An 802.11 Wireless L A N Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Radio Frequency Identification (R FID) Use tiny tags with microchips containing data about an item and location Tag antennas to transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers Common uses: – Automated toll-collection – Tracking goods in a supply chain Reduction in cost of tags making RFID viable for many firms Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.15 How RFID Works Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic, or military activity Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to endure in the field without maintenance Major sources of “Big Data” and fueling “Internet of Things” Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 7.16 A Wireless Sensor Network Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Copyright This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from it should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. Copyright © 2020, 2018, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved