Introduction to Basic Electricity and Electronics Technology PDF

 introduction to basic electricity and electronics technology Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May...

 introduction to basic electricity and electronics technology Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Australia Brazil Japan Korea Mexico Singapore Spain United Kingdom United States Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Introduction to Basic Electricity and © 2014, Delmar, Cengage Learning Electronics Technology ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Earl Gates may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means Vice President, Careers and Computing: graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Dave Garza recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Director of Learning Solutions: Sandy Clark Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior Acquisitions Editor: Stacy Masucci written permission of the publisher. Director, Development - Careers and Computing: Marah Bellegarde For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Managing Editor: Larry Main Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 For permission to use material from this text or product, Product Manager: Mary Clyne submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Editorial Assistant: Kaitlin Schlicht Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to Brand Manager: Kristin McNary [email protected] Market Development Manager: Erin Brennan Senior Production Director: Wendy Troeger Library of Congress Control Number: 2012949451 Production Manager: Mark Bernard ISBN-13: 978-1-133-94851-3 Content Project Manager: Barbara LeFleur ISBN-10: 1-133-94851-0 Senior Art Director: David Arsenault Media Editor: Deborah Bordeaux Delmar Cover image(s): © Dariush M./ 5 Maxwell Drive www.Shutterstock.com Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Delmar, visit www.cengage.com/delmar Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred on- line store www.cengagebrain.com Notice to the Reader Publisher does not warrant or guarantee any of the products described herein or perform any independent analysis in connection with any of the product information contained herein. Publisher does not assume, and expressly disclaims, any obligation to obtain and include information other than that provided to it by the manufacturer. The reader is expressly warned to consider and adopt all safety precautions that might be indicated by the activities described herein and to avoid all potential hazards. By following the instructions contained herein, the reader willingly assumes all risks in connection with such instructions. The publisher makes no representations or warranties of any kind, including but not limited to, the warranties of fitness for particular purpose or merchantability, nor are any such representations implied with respect to the material set forth herein, and the publisher takes no responsibility with respect to such material. The publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 17 16 15 14 13 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Contents p r e fa C e X 5 eleCtroniC CirCuit diagrams 40 5–1 Schematic Symbols 41 s e C t i o n 5–2 Schematic Diagram 41 5–3 Breadboarding 47 introduCtion to eleCtriCity and 1 eleCtroniCs 2 6 softWare for eleCtroniCs 50 Chapters 6–1 Software for Electricity and Electronics 51 1 Careers in eleCtriCity and 6–2 Multisim 52 eleCtroniCs 5 6–3 Circuit Wizard 53 1–1 Careers in the Electrical and 6–4 Productivity Software for Electronics Field 6 Electronics 56 1–2 Differences between a Technician and an Engineer 9 7 safety 63 1–3 Preparation for Employment 9 7–1 Dangers of Electricity 64 1–4 Gaining Experience in the 7–2 Preventive Measures 65 Workplace 13 7–3 Electrostatic Discharge 67 7–4 Safety Practices 70 2 CertifiCation for the eleCtriCity and eleCtroniCs field 17 8 tools and equipment 74 2–1 Basis for Certification 18 8–1 Handling Hand and Power 2–2 Identifying Certifications Tools 75 Requirements 19 8–2 Storing Hand and Power 2–3 How to Prepare for a Tools 75 Certification 19 8–3 Using Hand and Power Tools 77 3 Work habits and issues 22 8–4 Using Test Equipment 79 3–1 Defining Good Work Habits 23 8–5 Safety Issues 81 3–2 Health and Safety Issues 23 3–3 Workplace Diversity 25 9 hazardous materials 83 3–4 Workplace Discrimination 26 9–1 Material Safety Data Sheet 3–5 Workplace Harassment 27 (MSDS) 84 3–6 Workplace Ethics 29 9–2 Classification of Hazardous 3–7 Teamwork 30 Materials 84 9–3 Handling Hazardous 4 CalCulators for eleCtriCity and Materials 91 eleCtroniCs 34 9–4 Disposing of Hazardous 4–1 Types of Calculators 35 Materials 92 4–2 Calculator Requirements for Electricity and Electronics 37 4–3 Using the Calculator for Electricity and Electronics 37 v Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi Content s s e C t i o n 15–4 Measuring Current 154 15–5 Measuring Voltage 155 2 dC CirCuits 96 15–6 15–7 Measuring Resistance 156 Reading Meter Scales 158 Chapters 16 poWer 161 10 fundamentals of eleCtriCity 98 16–1 Power 162 10–1 Matter, Elements, and Compounds 99 16–2 Power Application 10–2 A Closer Look at Atoms 99 (Circuit Analysis) 163 10–3 Current 101 17 dC CirCuits 166 10–4 Voltage 102 10–5 Resistance 102 17–1 Series Circuits 167 17–2 Parallel Circuits 168 11 Current 105 17–3 Series-Parallel Circuits 170 11–1 Electrical Charge 106 17–4 Voltage Dividers 173 11–2 Current Flow 106 17–5 Wheatstone Bridge 178 11–3 Scientific Notation 109 18 magnetism 181 12 Voltage 111 18–1 Magnetic Fields 182 12–1 Voltage Sources 112 18–2 Electricity and Magnetism 184 12–2 Cells and Batteries 114 18–3 Magnetic Induction 186 12–3 Connecting Cells and Batteries 118 18–4 Magnetic and Electromagnetic 12–4 Voltage Rises and Voltage Drops 119 Applications 188 12–5 Ground as a Voltage Reference 19 induCtanCe 194 Level 120 19–1 Principles of Inductance 195 13 resistanCe 123 19–2 Inductors 195 13–1 Resistance 124 19–3 L/R Time Constants 197 13–2 Conductance 124 20 CapaCitanCe 200 13–3 Resistors 125 13–4 Resistor Identification 128 20–1 Principles of Capacitance 201 13–5 Connecting Resistors 131 20–2 Capacitors 202 13–6 Connecting Resistors in Series 131 20–3 RC Time Constants 204 13–7 Connecting Resistors in Parallel 132 13–8 Connecting Resistors in Series and s e C t i o n Parallel 134 14 ohm’s laW 139 3 aC CirCuits 208 14–1 Electric Circuits 140 Chapters 14–2 Ohm’s Law 141 14–3 Application of Ohm’s Law 142 21 alternating Current 210 14–4 Kirchhoff’s Current Law 147 21–1 Generating Alternating Current 211 14–5 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 147 21–2 AC Values 213 21–3 Nonsinusoidal Waveforms 214 15 eleCtriCal measurements—meters 150 15–1 Introduction to Meters 151 22 aC measurements 217 15–2 Types of Meters 152 22–1 AC Meters 218 15–3 Multimeters 153 22–2 Oscilloscopes 220 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Co ntents vii 22–3 Frequency Counters 222 29–3 Diode Characteristics 272 22–4 Bode Plotters 223 29–4 Diode Construction Techniques 273 29–5 Testing P–N Junction Diodes 274 23 resistiVe aC CirCuits 225 23–1 Basic AC Resistive Circuits 226 30 zener diodes 277 23–2 Series AC Circuits 227 30–1 Zener Diode Characteristics 278 23–3 Parallel AC Circuits 228 30–2 Zener Diode Ratings 278 23–4 Power in AC Circuits 228 30–3 Voltage Regulation with Zener Diodes 279 24 CapaCitiVe aC CirCuits 231 30–4 Testing Zener Diodes 280 24–1 Capacitors in AC Circuits 232 24–2 Applications of Capacitive 31 bipolar transistors 282 Circuits 234 31–1 Transistor Construction 283 25 induCtiVe aC CirCuits 237 31–2 Transistor Types and Packaging 283 25–1 Inductors in AC Circuits 238 31–3 Basic Transistor Operation 284 25–2 Applications of Inductive Circuits 240 31–4 Transistor Testing 285 26 reaCtanCe and resonanCe CirCuits 242 31–5 Transistor Substitution 287 26–1 Reactance in Series Circuits 243 32 field effeCt transistors (fets) 289 26–2 Reactance in Parallel Circuits 246 26–3 Power 247 32–1 Junction FETs 290 26–4 Introduction to Resonance 249 32–2 Depletion Insulated Gate FETs (MOSFETs) 292 27 transformers 251 32–3 Enhancement Insulated Gate FETs (MOSFETs) 293 27–1 Electromagnetic Induction 252 32–4 MOSFET Safety Precautions 295 27–2 Mutual Inductance 253 32–5 Testing FETs 295 27–3 Turns Ratio 253 27–4 Applications 255 33 thyristors 298 33–1 Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers 299 s e C t i o n 33–2 TRIACs 301 33–3 Bidirectional Trigger Diodes 302 4 semiConduCtor deViCes 260 33–4 Testing Thyristors 303 Chapters 34 integrated CirCuits 306 28 semiConduCtor fundamentals 262 34–1 Introduction to Integrated Circuits 307 28–1 Semiconduction in Germanium and 34–2 Integrated Circuit Construction Silicon 263 Techniques 308 28–2 Conduction in Pure Germanium and 34–3 Integrated Circuit Packaging 309 Silicon 264 34–4 Handling of Integrated 28–3 Conduction in Doped Germanium and Circuits 311 Silicon 266 29 p–n JunCtion diodes 269 35 optoeleCtriC deViCes 313 35–1 Basic Principles of Light 314 29–1 P–N Junctions 270 35–2 Light-Sensitive Devices 314 29–2 Diode Biasing 271 35–3 Light-Emitting Devices 317 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. vi i i Contents s e C t i o n 42 basiC logiC gates 395 AND Gate 396 5 linear eleCtroniC CirCuits 322 42–1 42–2 OR Gate 396 42–3 NOT Gate 397 Chapters 42–4 NAND Gate 398 36 poWer supplies 324 42–5 NOR Gate 398 42–6 Exclusive OR and NOR Gates 400 36–1 Transformers 325 42–7 Buffer 400 36–2 Rectifier Circuits 326 36–3 Filter Circuits 328 43 simplifying logiC CirCuits 403 36–4 Voltage Regulators 331 43–1 Veitch Diagrams 404 36–5 Voltage Multipliers 335 43–2 Karnaugh Maps 406 36–6 Voltage Dividers 337 36–7 Circuit-Protection Devices 339 44 sequential logiC CirCuits 410 37 amplifier basiCs 342 44–1 Flip-Flops 411 44–2 Counters 413 37–1 Amplifier Configurations 343 44–3 Shift Registers 419 37–2 Amplifier Biasing 344 44–4 Memory 421 37–3 Amplifier Coupling 348 45 Combinational logiC CirCuits 425 38 amplifier appliCations 351 45–1 Encoders 426 38–1 Direct-Coupled Amplifiers 352 45–2 Decoders 427 38–2 Audio Amplifiers 353 45–3 Multiplexers 429 38–3 Video Amplifiers 356 45–4 Arithmetic Circuits Adder 431 38–4 RF and IF Amplifiers 358 45–5 Programmable Logic Devices 38–5 Operational Amplifiers 360 (PLDs) 435 39 osCillators 365 46 miCroComputer basiCs 438 39–1 Fundamentals of Oscillators 366 46–1 Computer Basics 439 39–2 Sinusoidal Oscillators 366 46–2 Microprocessor Architecture 442 39–3 Nonsinusoidal Oscillators 370 46–3 Microcontrollers 444 40 WaVeshaping CirCuits 373 40–1 Nonsinusoidal Waveforms 374 s e C t i o n 40–2 Waveshaping Circuits 376 40–3 Special-Purpose Circuits 379 7 praCtiCal appliCations 450 s e C t i o n Chapters 47 proJeCt design 452 6 digital eleCtroniC CirCuits 384 47–1 Developing a Prototype 453 47–2 Copyright Issues 455 Chapters 47–3 Developing a Timeline 457 41 binary number system 386 47–4 Developing a Budget 458 47–5 Developing a Production 41–1 Binary Numbers 387 Schedule 460 41–2 Binary and Decimal Conversion 388 47–6 Reference Materials and 41–3 Octal Numbers 389 Manuals 462 41–4 Hexadecimal Numbers 391 41–5 BCD Code 392 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Contents ix 48 printed CirCuit board fabriCation 465 a p p e n d i C es 48–1 Fundamentals 466 1 periodiC table of elements 529 48–2 Laying Out Printed Circuit Boards 469 2 the greek alphabet 530 48–3 Transferring Designs 473 3 metriC prefiXes used in eleCtroniCs 531 48–4 Etching Printed Circuit Boards 474 48–5 Preparing the Etched Printed Circuit 4 eleCtroniCs abbreViations 532 Board 475 5 Common referenCe designators 533 49 printed CirCuit board assembly and repair 479 6 dC and aC CirCuit formulas 534 49–1 Electronics Technician Toolbox 480 7 formula shortCuts 535 49–2 Electronic Test Equipment 484 49–3 Solder and Soldering 8 resistor Color Codes 536 Irons 487 9 Common resistor Values 537 49–4 Soldering a Printed Circuit Board 490 10 CapaCitor Color Code 538 49–5 Analyzing Soldered Connections 495 11 eleCtroniCs symbols 540 49–6 Protective Coatings 496 12 semiConduCtor sChematiC symbols 541 50 basiC troubleshooting 498 13 digital logiC symbols 542 50–1 Tools for Troubleshooting 499 50–2 Isolation Techniques for Effective 14 aCtiVity assessment rubriC 543 Troubleshooting 501 50–3 Common Types of Defects 501 15 safety test 544 50–4 Troubleshooting Tips 502 50–5 Documentation 504 self-test ansWers 547 g l o s s a ry 5 0 8 i n d e X 5 95 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  p r e fa C e Intended AudIence a one-year course. Introduction to Basic Electricity and Electronics Technology provides instructors I ntroduction to Basic Electricity and Electron- with an opportunity to select those topics they ics Technology is written to meet the needs of wish to emphasize and at the same time provides a one-year program for electronics in high the student with a reference book of basic elec- schools, vocational schools, and technical col- tricity and electronics coverage and continuing leges, and as an introduction to electricity and value. electronic in four-year colleges. This textbook Teachers can guide students to concentrate on may also be used in a survey course in electricity the material related to a particular course sylla- and electronics for electronics technology, com- bus, leaving the remaining subject matter as en- puter technology, and telecommunications. This richment should students wish to extend their first edition is designed to give students the basic knowledge. Alternatively, instructors can choose background that more closely relates to the needs to cover a series of selected topics, such as DC of industry. With guided instruction it can pro- and AC circuits. vide the hands-on skills required by industry. Another possibility is to concentrate on the material related primarily to linear electronics BAckground of thIs Book circuits or another topic of choice. Many other combinations are possible. This first edition objective is to provide a text and The emphasis is the coverage of electronics reference book that summarizes in understand- combined with a presentation that allows the stu- able terms those principles and techniques that dent to study a particular topic without having to are the basic tools of electronics. In keeping with read the entire text. current trends, increased emphasis is placed on The textbook is divided into seven separate the general techniques of electronics. sections. During my teaching in public school I com- pleted a study on what industry wanted from seCtion 1 —Introduction to Electricity and Elec- students graduating with a background in elec- tronics discusses careers in electricity and tronics. I found that industry valued students’ electronics, certification in electricity and ability to do more than their ability to know. I electronics, work habits and issues, calcula- found that industry wanted less time spent on tors for electricity and electronics, electronic teaching theory and more time spent on instruct- circuit design, software for electronics, safety, ing hands-on applications. tools and equipment, and hazardous materials. After I had rewritten my curriculum, I found seCtion 2 —DC Circuits discusses fundamen- I had to use several textbooks to teach it. This tals of electricity, current, voltage, resistance, textbook is intended to provide the students with Ohm’s law, electrical measurements meters, all the information required by the curriculum in power, DC circuits, magnetism, inductance, one easy-to-use textbook. The curriculum I used is and capacitance. included in the Instructor’s Guide. seCtion 3 —AC Circuits discusses alternating cur- rent, AC measurement, resistive AC circuits, textBook orgAnIzAtIon capacitive AC circuits, inductive AC circuits, resonance circuits, and transformers. Due to the rapid growth of electronics, it becomes seCtion 4 —Semiconductor Devices discusses impossible to cover all of the important topics in semiconductor fundamentals, P–N junction x Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  prefaCe xi diodes, zener diodes, bipolar transistors, field effect Cautions and notes are color coded for easy transistors (FET), thyristors, integrated circuits, identification throughout the text. and optoelectric devices. Many examples have been developed into Multisim seCtion 5 —Linear Electronic Circuits discusses power version 12 to learn firsthand what is happening in supplies, amplifier basics, amplifier applications, a circuit. oscillators, and waveshaping circuits. Review questions appear at the end of every seCtion 6 —Digital Electronic Circuits discusses binary chapter subdivision to allow a comprehension number systems, basic logic gates, simplifying logic check. circuits, sequential logic circuits, combinational All formulas are written using fundamental logic circuits, and microcomputer basics. formulas only. seCtion 7 —Practical Applications discusses project Many examples show math and formulas in use design, printed circuit board fabrication, printed throughout the text. circuit board assembly and repair, and basic Summaries are included at the end of each chapter troubleshooting. for reviewing important concepts. glossary —This valuable resource contains key terms Self-tests are included at the end of each chapter as and definitions. a learning tool. Numerous examples incorporate the chapters’ material with real-life applications. Appendices—Included are the following: Section activities provide an opportunity to appendiX 1 —Periodic Table of Elements reinforce concepts with hands-on problem-solving appendiX 2 —The Greek Alphabet projects. appendiX 3 —Metric Prefixes Used in Electronics appendiX 4 —Electronics Abbreviations the LeArnIng PAckAge appendiX 5 —Common Reference Designators A robust complement of supplemental learning appendiX 6 —DC and AC Circuit Formulas appendiX 7 —Formula Shortcuts solutions has been developed to achieve two goals: 1. To assist students in learning the essential appendiX 8 —Resistor Color Codes appendiX 9 —Common Resistor Values information needed to prepare for the exciting appendiX 10 —Capacitor Color Code field of electronics 2. To assist instructors in planning and implementing appendiX 11 —Electronics Symbols appendiX 12 —Semiconductor Schematic Symbols their instructional programs for the most efficient appendiX 13 —Digital Logic Symbols use of time and other resources appendiX 14 —Activity Assessment Rubric The following components of this package are appendiX 15 —Safety Test offered to help you achieve these goals: Self-Test Answers are included for students. Lab Manual Labs provide students with the opportunity to learn feAtures the terminology and transfer theory provided in The following list provides some of the significant class to hands-on practical applications. Projects features of the textbook: serve to reinforce the students’ learning, providing Chapters are brief and focused. opportunities to see theory become practice. (ISBN: Objectives are clearly stated with the learning goals 978-1-1339-4852-0) at the beginning of each chapter. courseMate for Basic electricity Colorful illustrations are generously used and electronics throughout the text to strengthen concepts learned. CourseMate for Basic Electricity and Electronics is an Four-color photographs are used to show the integrated, Web-based learning solution for build- learner exactly what is addressed in the text. ing the knowledge and skills needed to succeed in Four-color layouts focus attention to important electricity and electronics. The CourseMate Website features in the text. Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. xi i prefaC e includes the following suite of resources and study to customize PowerPoint slides. The Image Library tools: comes with the ability to browse and search images An interactive eBook with highlighting, note- with key words and allows quick and easy use. taking, and search capabilities. Interactive quizzes ABout the Author A set of student-focused PowerPoint slides Flashcards, crosswords, and other skill-building Retired as an Associate Professor from the State games University of New York at Oswego, where he The CourseMate website also includes Multisim™ taught electronics technology circuit files. Students can use these precreated files Has 23 years experience in public education as a for troubleshooting and simulation. Textbook fig- teacher and administrator ures created as Multisim files are identified by a Retired from the U.S. Navy as an Electronics Multisim icon throughout the text. Technician Senior Chief Recently, as an educator he taught VoTech how to Access the CourseMate for at Choices Charter School of Florence and BasiC eleCtriCity and eleCtroniCs sIte Darlington in Florence, South Carolina President of TEK Prep, a small business that does To access these supplemental materials or to see education consulting, training, and evaluation a CourseMate demo, please visit http://www As an education consultant, provides training for.­c engagebrain.com. At the CengageBrain.com teachers and adults in Florida, New York, and homepage, enter the ISBN of your title (from the back South Carolina cover of this book), using the search box at the top of the page. This will take you to the product page where AcknowLedgMents these resources can be found. I would like to thank John Millhouse, a retired Navy instruCtor’s Companion Website. ­This educational re- Chief Electronics Technician who served with me in source creates a truly electronic classroom with array the U.S. Navy. He has retired and now works as a con- of tools and instructional resources that will enrich sultant electronics engineer in Florida. He helped with the learning experience and expedite your preparation the Multisim examples and sample problems used time. The instructor resources directly correlate with throughout the text. Thanks also to Lois Dodge for her the text, so the text and website combine to provide help in proofing the manuscript. a unified instructional system. With the following in- I would also like to thank Avi Hadar, owner of structor resources, you can spend more time teaching Kelvin, the exclusive dealer in the United States for and less time preparing to teach: New Wave Concepts’ Circuit Wizard, for his support; instruCtor’s guide. ­The Instructor’s Guide contains Jim Good, who helped shape the concept of the book solutions to textbook section questions and to the when we were at Greece Central School; and Gerald lab manual experiments. To assist the instructor Buss, retired president of EIC Electronics, who pro- or teacher in preparing the program, a curriculum vided help by reading the book, answering questions, guide is provided in the Instructor’s Guide. It helps and lending his support from the industrial sector. instructors to provide a program that will develop a Thanks are also due to the numerous teachers who student’s interest in the field of electronics. identified areas to include, expand, or improve in poWerpoint presentation. Slides cover every chapter the textbook. Thanks to the staff at Delmar, Cengage in the text, providing the basis for a lecture out- Learning for their faith that the book could be done. line that helps present concepts and material. Key The author and Delmar, Cengage Learning wish points and concepts can be graphically highlighted to thank the reviewers for their suggestions and com- for student retention. ments during development of this edition. Computerized testbank. The testbank includes ques- Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Shirley, who tions in multiple-choice format, so students’ com- has supported me in the preparation and development prehension can be assessed. of this textbook. image library. More than 200 images from the text- Earl D. Gates book are included to create transparency masters or Cincinnatus, New York 2013 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  S E C T I O N 1 INTrOduCTION TO ElECTrICITy aNd ElECTrONICS ChapTEr ChapTEr 1 CarEErS IN ElECTrICITy aNd ElECTrONICS 6 SOfTWarE fOr ElECTrONICS 1–1 Careers in the Electrical and 6–1 Software for Electricity and Electronics Field Electronics 1–2 Differences between a Technician 6–2 Multisim and an Engineer 6–3 Circuit Wizard 1–3 Preparation for Employment 6–4 Productivity Software for 1–4 Gaining Experience in the Electronics Workplace 7 SafETy 2 CErTIfICaTION fOr ThE ElECTrICITy 7–1 Dangers of Electricity aNd ElECTrONICS fIEld 7–2 Preventive Measures 2–1 Basis for Certification 7–3 Electrostatic Discharge 2–2 Identifying Certifications 7–4 Safety Practices Requirements 2–3 How to Prepare for a Certification 8 TOOlS aNd EquIpmENT 8–1 Handling Hand and Power Tools 3 WOrk habITS aNd ISSuES 8–2 Storing Hand and Power Tools 3–1 Defining Good Work Habits 8–3 Using Hand and Power Tools 3–2 Health and Safety Issues 8–4 Using Test Equipment 3–3 Workplace Diversity 8–5 Safety Issues 3–4 Workplace Discrimination 3–5 Workplace Harassment 9 hazardOuS maTErIalS 3–6 Workplace Ethics 9–1 Material Safety Data Sheet 3–7 Teamwork (MSDS) 9–2 Classification of Hazardous 4 CalCulaTOrS fOr ElECTrICITy Materials aNd ElECTrONICS 9–3 Handling Hazardous Materials 4–1 Types of Calculators 9–4 Disposing of Hazardous Materials 4–2 Calculator Requirements for Electricity and Electronics 4–3 Using the Calculator for Electricity and Electronics 5 ElECTrONIC CIrCuIT dIagramS 5–1 Schematic Symbols 5–2 Schematic Diagram 5–3 Breadboarding 2 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. pEOplE aNd EvENTS pEOplE IN ElECTrONICS IN ElECTrONICS age discrimination in Employment act (adEa) of Canadian Standards association (CSa) (1944– ) 1967 (december 15, 1967) CSA is a global organization that provides product United States Public Law 90-202, 81 Statue 602 testing and certification for products that conform to prohibits employment discrimination against persons CSA standards. 40 years or older. It also applied to standards for pensions and benefits provided by employers to be Certified Electronics Technician (CET) program provided to the general public. The ADEA was later (1965– ) amended in 1986 and again in 1991. The CET program was designed by the National Electronics Association to measure the theoretical american disabilities act (ada) of 1990 knowledge and technical proficiency of practicing (July 26, 1990) electronics technicians. Title I prohibits private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies, and labor unions Civil rights act of 1964 (Enacted July 2, 1964) from discriminating against qualified individuals with United States Public Law 88-352, (78 Statue 241) disabilities. outlawed all major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national, and religious minorities and Earle C. anthony (1880–1961) women. Anthony is credited with the invention of the electronics breadboard; in 1922, he created a circuit Electronics Technicians association, International using an actual breadboard on his kitchen table. (ETa-I) (1978–) ETA-I is a professional association that promotes William Seward burroughs (1857–1898) excellence through testing and certifying electronics Burroughs invented the first practical adding and technicians. listing machine and submitted a patent application for the machine in 1885. James hodgson (1915– ) In 1970, Hodgson helped to craft the Occupational Safety and Health Act, which paved the way for the OSHA agency, established in 1971. 3 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.  pEOplE aNd EvENTS IN ElECTrONICS (CONTINuEd) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) OSha (1970– ) (1906– ) In 1986, OSHA began requiring material safety data IEC is an international standards organization that sheets (MSDSs) for all hazardous materials. prepares and publishes international standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies. ronald J. portugal In 1971, Portugal invented the solderless breadboard International Society of Certified Electronics while working for EI Instruments. Technicians (ISCET) (1975– ) ISCET is a professional organization whose main résumé (1066– ) function is the direction and administration of the CET The résumé originated in feudal England as a program; in addition, it promotes obtaining technical document created by a Lord or the head of a local certification worldwide and provides a location for guild to serve as a letter of introduction for someone certified technicians to band together for professional traveling long distances. advancement. underwriters laboratories (ul) (1894– ) Jan lukasiewicz (1878–1956) UL develops standards and test procedures for Lukasiewicz invented reverse Polish notation around products, materials, components, assemblies, tools, 1920. and equipment, for product safety. National Electrical Code (NEC) (1897– ) The NEC is a U.S. standards guide that is regionally adopted for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment and is published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 4 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. C h a p T E r 1 Careers in Electricity and Electronics O b JE C TI v E S kEy TErmS After completing this chapter, the student will be 1-1 automation 1-2 Institute of able to: mechanic Electrical and Identify careers in the electrical and electronics 1-1 automotive Electronics field. mechanic Engineers (IEEE) Describe the difference between work done by 1-1 computer 1-3 Dictionary of an electronics engineer and by an electronics engineer Occupational technician. Titles (DOT) Identify the traits for successful employment. 1-1 computer technician 1-3 job interview Describe the parts of a basic résumé. 1-3 letter of Discuss the purpose of the résumé and the letter 1-1 electrical engineer application of application. 1-1 electrician 1-3 Occupational Identify how experience in the workforce can be Outlook obtained. 1-1 electronics Handbook Describe the importance of an apprenticeship. engineer 1-3 résumé Explain how a co-op program functions. 1-1 National Discuss the differences among an externship, an Electrical Code ® 1-4 apprenticeship internship, and job shadowing. (NEC ®) 1-4 cooperative Identify the role a mentoring program plays in 1-1 NEC Guidebook education selecting a chosen career field. 1-4 externship 1-2 electronics engineering 1-4 internship 1-2 electronics 1-4 job shadowing technician 1-4 mentoring 1-2 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) 5 Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 6 SECTI ON 1 Intro DuCtIon to ElECtrICIty AnD ElECtronICs T his chapter looks at careers in the electrical and apprenticeship programs. Although most training is electronics industry. It also looks at some useful