Industrial Hazards And Safety Precautions PDF

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Dr.Muhammad Naeem. 1 CONTENTS:- 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Types of hazards 4. Industrial dermatitis 5. Accident records 6. Diagnosis and control of industrial hazards 7. Precautions of industrial hazards 8....

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Dr.Muhammad Naeem. 1 CONTENTS:- 1. Introduction 2. Definition 3. Types of hazards 4. Industrial dermatitis 5. Accident records 6. Diagnosis and control of industrial hazards 7. Precautions of industrial hazards 8. Conclusion 9. References 2 INTRODUCTION:- Hazard: Hazard is any agent that can cause harm or damage to human , property or the environment. Safety: In simple terms means freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury or loss. Industrial safety refers to the protection of workers from the danger of industrial 3 accidents. DEFINITION:- Industrial hazard may be defined as any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. 4 TYPES OF HAZARDS:- 1. Biological hazards 2. Chemical hazards 3. Mechanical hazards 4. Physical hazards 5. Fire and dust hazards 5 1. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS:-  A biological hazard is one originating from an organism that is foreign to the organism being affected.  Many biological hazards are associated with food, including certain viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria, and plants.  Disease in human can come from biological hazards in the form of infection by bacteria, antigents, viruses and parasites. 6 Control of biological Hazards Examples of controls for Biological Hazards are:  Regular cleaning of the workplace,  Pest prevention  Requiring that safety equipment be worn  Proper disposal of items that may pose a biological risk.  Reduce risk by changing work processes and activities in order to make them more safe.  Some examples of administrative controls are providing proper sick leave to employees, immunization programs, and limiting exposure of time for employees around potential Biological Hazards and training them to work safely around them. 2- CHEMICAL HAZARDS:-  A chemical can be considered a hazards by virtue of its intrinsic properties it can cause harm or danger to humans, property, or the environment.  Many chemicals used in industrial and laboratory settings can cause respiratory, digestive, or nervous systems problems if they are inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin. 7 Prevention  Provide the appropriate ventilation to remove concentrations of the chemical solvent in the air.  Provide employees with proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) for each type of chemical solvent utilized in the workplace.  Provide employees with respiratory protection when necessary to eliminate exposure risk.  Create and utilize a detailed processing, handling and storage procedure for all chemical solvents used within the workplace.  Store all chemicals properly to reduce exposure 3. MECHANICAL HAZARDS:- A mechanical hazard is any hazard involving a machine or process. 8 Prevention  Engineered: Machine related  Administrative: Process related, SOP  Personnel: Proper working 4. PHYSICAL HAZARDS:-  A physical hazard is a naturally occurring process that has the potential to create loss or damage.  Physical hazards often have both human and natural elements. 9 Hazards  Entrapment – for example when fingers are caught in the moving parts of a machine  Impact– when workers are crushed by moving parts of equipment or by other items being processed by a machine  Contact – when the body comes into contact with sharp edges, hot parts or live electrical items  Entanglement -when clothing, hair or jewellery become caught in parts of a machine  Ejection – when workers are hit by parts or objects flying out or off machines  5.FIRE AND DUST HAZARDS:- Source of dust hazards in pharmaceutical industries:  During weighing dusts may float on air.  During powder mixing dusts may be generated.  During coating operation dusts are generated.  During capsule filling and tablet punching operation dust may be generated. METHODS OF CONTROLLING DUST:-  Filtration  Inertial separator  Electrostatic separator 10  TYPES OF FIRE HAZARDS:- Class A Fires: These are fires involving solid materials such as wood, cloth, paper etc. Class B Fires: These are fires of flammable products, Petrol, diesel, oil. Class C Fires: These fires involve Gases. 11 Class D Fires: These fires involve metals.  INDUSTRIAL DERMATITIS:-  Industrial dermatitis is skin disease that is caused by conditions at work. It may be the result of irritation or allergy. Usually it starts with redness and itchiness. Sometimes there may be swelling, scaling, cracking, blistering.  Any part of the body may be affected but usually it is in the exposed parts of the hands and arms. 12 PREVENTATION OF INDUSTRIAL DERMATITIS AT WORK:-  Work clothes should be changed daily.  Chemicals such as, solvents moisturisers should be applied daily.  If skin problem arises, the worker should report to your supervisor and consult your doctor.  Personal protective equipments e.g.: gloves, impervious sleeves and boots should be wore to minimise contact with chemicals. 13 ACCIDENT RECORDS:-  After any accident or incident during work an accident record should be maintained.  Generally a standard form is filed up and a copy is kept at the factory premises and another copy is sent to respective authorities of that country. 14 DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS 20 PRECAUTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS…  Protect the head and eyes with the help of goggles, helmets, masks.  Protection of hand, arms, legs and feet with rubber gloves, rubber boots, aprons, shoes, other clothing.  Prevention of breathing of poisonous gases with respiration protective devices. 18 SAFETY PROGRAM:- The basic principles are:-  To identify potential hazards ,provide effective safety equipment and facilities.  To develop safety policies.  To train in safe method of working and provide continuing education and guidance on eliminating safety hazards and prevention of accidents. 19 CONCLUSION:-  From the previous discussion it is clear that the safety aspects must be considered by the pharmaceutical industry not only in the interest of the employees or property but also in the terms of the neighbouring environment as well. 20 REFERENCES:- 1. Subramanyam C.V.S. Thaimma J. Setty Pharmaceutical production management, first Edition 2004 vallabh prakashan New Delhi 393-412. 2. Subramanyam C.V.S. Thaimma J. Setty,Devi V.K. Pharmaceutical Engineering Principle and Practice, first Edition 2003, M.K. Jain for vallabh prakashan New Delhi 483,2 3. Samba Murthy K Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Age International publishers 449. 21