Definition of Planning PDF

Definition of PLANNING Understanding the Assessing Identifying the short- Relating alternative types of DECISIONS that OPPORTUNITIES and and-long-term decisions to the GOALS need to be made LIMITATIONS of the...

Definition of PLANNING Understanding the Assessing Identifying the short- Relating alternative types of DECISIONS that OPPORTUNITIES and and-long-term decisions to the GOALS need to be made LIMITATIONS of the consequences of and OBJECTIVES future alternative choices established for an urban designed to take area, agency or firm. advantage of these opportunities or respond to these limitations. Expressing this Generating information to decision information useful to makers in a readily decision makers on understandable and consequences of useful form. alternative actions Definitions of ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING Concerned with society's collective stewardship of the earth's resources. The `environment' refers to the physical and biological systems which provide our basic life support, and which contribute to our psychological well-being. `Planning' is a generic activity of purposeful anticipation of, and provision for the future.' (Selman, 2000). Seeks to improve and protect environmental quality for urban residents - both through controlling the generation of pollution and through segregating activities that are environmentally incompatible [Miller and Groot, 1997:3] Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  Objectives of Environmental Planning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Provide Encourage Ensure Conserve Guide Create Reduce good appropriate good design the best of the uses to sustainable pollution and housing business and standards our natural which land is and attractive congestion environments industrial environment situated places and improve and living development and heritage transport conditions and jobs facilities Effective environmental planning requires the effective interaction and overlay between three components - hardware, software and heartware. ❑ Hardware consists of the physical fabric of a city - infrastructure, buildings, railway, roads, ports etc. ❑ Software consists of sets of rules, and regulations, laws and legislation, ordinances, including habits, ethics, and traditionally established codes of conduct. ❑ Heartware is an individual's emotional mechanism, behaviour and conduct, which determines his or her needs, wants and wishes. It also determines the process by which the individual's interaction with the surrounding environment takes place. Need for Environmental Planning Increased consumption of environmental resources Increased production of environmental wastes Increased environmental uncertainty  Lecture 2: Environmental Planning Elements and Land Use and Zoning Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 1  Environmental Planning Elements Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 2  Mandatory Elements of an Environmental Plan Land Use Optional Circulation (Permissible) Environmental Safety Housing Plan Noise Conservation Open Space Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 3  Land Use Element  Identifies the proposed distribution and intensity of uses of the land for housing, business, industry, open space, natural resources, public facilities, waste disposal sites and other categories of public and private uses.  Serves as the central framework for the entire plan and is intended to correlate all land-use issues into a set of coherent development policies. Its goals, objectives, policies, programs, diagrams and maps relate directly to the other elements.  Includes standards of population density (measured as numbers of people) and building intensity (using measures such as site coverage, floor-to-area ratio, building type and size, or units per acre or hectare). Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 4  Circulation Element  Identifies the location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals and other local public utilities and facilities.  Serves as an infrastructure plan and must be correlated with the land-use element  Contains detailed maps, standards for operation (for example, traffic level of service), policies (such as promoting handicapped accessibility), and financing plans  Includes public transit, bicycle facilities, parking, truck routes, sewage transport and treatment, electric and telephone transmission lines, drainage facilities and waterways. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 5  Housing Element  Consists of an identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, quantified objectives, and scheduled programs for the preservation, improvement, and development of housing  Must assess the housing needs of all economic segments of the community and include an implementation program formulated to meet those needs  Availability of suitable housing sites must be considered, based not only upon the existing zoning and land-use restrictions of the locality, but also based upon the potential for increased residential development under alternative zoning ordinances and land-use restrictions Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 6  Conservation Element  Addresses the identification, conservation, development and use of natural resources including water, forests, soils, waterways, wildlife and mineral deposits.  May consider issues such as flood control, water and air pollution, erosion, conversion of farm land, endangered species, and timing and impact of mining and logging activities.  While there may be some overlap with other elements of the plan, such as the open-space and safety elements, the conservation element’s primary focus is on natural resources.  Must include mineral resource management policies to address the conservation and development of identified designated mineral deposits.  The goal is to balance the value of those deposits against competing land uses which may prevent future access to the minerals, and to minimize the impact of mining activities Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 7  Open-Space Element  Must specify plans and measures for preserving open space for natural resources, for outdoor recreation, and for public health and safety. The open-space plan will overlap with land use, conservation and safety elements.  The primary purpose of this element is to assure that open-space land is limited and valuable resource must be conserved wherever possible and to discourage premature and unnecessary conversion of open-space land to urban uses and non- contiguous development pattern.  Building permits, subdivision maps and open-space ordinances that are inconsistent with the open-space plan are specifically forbidden. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 8  Noise Element  Identifies and appraises noise problems in the community. To the extent practicable, current and projected noise levels are calculated and mapped for roadways, airports, industrial plants and other major noise sources  Projected noise levels are used as a guide for establishing a pattern of land uses in the land- use element that minimizes the exposure of community residents to excessive noise. Implementation measures and possible solutions to noise problems shall be included in the noise elements  Measures may involve sound barriers to shield noise sensitive land uses (such as hospitals, schools and housing), restricted operating hours for stationary noise generators, protective building design and location of new roadways Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 9  Safety Element  Establishes policies and programs to protect the community from risks associated with seismic, geologic, flood and wildlife hazards.  Known seismic and other geologic hazards (such as landslide areas) must be mapped, and issues such as emergency evacuation routes and water supply for fire fighting must be addressed.  May expand to cover a broad range of safety related issues which may be locally relevant, such as the use, transport and disposal of hazardous materials; power failure; and vehicular accidents Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 10  Optional (Permissive) Element  In addition to the seven mandatory elements, the city plan may include any other elements or address any other subjects, which in the judgment of the city or municipal council, relate to the physical development of the city or town. Once an optional element has been adopted, it becomes a full pledged part of the city plan  Optional plan elements may be adopted on a wide variety of topics. Any subject is appropriate where there is a concern in the community to study and plan regarding an issue that is not addressed in sufficient detail in the mandatory elements  Some of the more common themes are pollution, recreation, design, economic development, infrastructure, energy, historic preservation and redevelopment.  Many elements addressing more unique subjects may also be adopted, such as tourism, urban forest, law enforcement, quality of life, arts and agriculture 11 Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  Linkage of Environmental Planning Elements with Environmental Factors Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 12  LAND USE AND ZONING Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 13  Definition of Land Use  A description on how vacant properties will be developed over time and the extent to which private and public redevelopment efforts will change, intensify, or otherwise modify current uses of property citywide. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 14  Purpose of land use element  It designates "the proposed distribution and location and extent of the uses of the land" for a variety of purposes.  It defines the distribution and intensity of development of residential neighborhoods, commercial and employment districts, parks and other open spaces, and governmental and institutional uses of property in a city or town.  It describes the relationship between City Plan land use policy and zoning, and how the zoning ordinance provides the primary means for implementing land use goals. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 15  Land Use Policy  Illustrates focus areas for business activity  Identifies existing residential neighborhoods and locations for new housing  Shows parks and similar open space and recreation amenities for the community  Indicates sites for schools and other public land uses Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 16  Land Use Residential Other uses Commercial Land Use Employment/ Open Space Technology Public Facility Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 17  Residential Land Uses  Low Density Residential (LDR) - allows traditional single-family homes, with one dwelling permitted per legal lot. Residences consist generally of single-family, detached houses with private yards. The permitted density is 0 to 8 dwelling units per acre. The average population density is 27 persons per acre or 6,750 persons per sq km. Additional permitted uses include religious and educational institutions, group homes, and community care facilities, consistent with zoning ordinance regulations.  Medium Density Residential (MDR) - provides for moderate density housing either as attached or detached units at a density range of 0 to 16 units per acre. Such housing can include private and common open space. The average population density is 53 persons per acre or 13,250 persons per sq km. Additional permitted uses include religious and educational institutions, group homes, and community care facilities, consistent with zoning ordinance regulations.  High Density Residential (HDR) - allows a broad range of dwelling unit types which may be attached or detached. The residential units consist typically of apartments, condominiums, and townhomes built at a maximum density of 25 units per acre. The average population density is 84 persons per acre or 21,000 persons per sq km. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 18  Commercial Land Use Provides opportunities for a broad range of retail and service commercial and professional office uses intended to meet the needs of the city/town residents and businesses, as well as regional shopping demand Commercial development largely is located along major thoroughfares and the freeway corridors Additional permitted uses may include religious and educational institutions, group homes, and community care facilities, consistent with zoning ordinance regulations. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 19  Employment/ Technology Uses Allows commercial, light manufacturing, research and development, and professional office uses in business park settings and as individually developed lots. On properties owned by government agencies, government-related uses are conditionally acceptable. Educational facilities considered appropriate include technical schools and similar facilities supporting businesses within the district. Warehousing, freight terminals, and heavy manufacturing are expressly prohibited, and wholesaling activities are permitted only on a limited, restricted basis, as defined by zoning regulations. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 20  Public Facility  Provides one land use category to accommodate public facility uses, which are defined as uses directly related to a legitimate governmental or quasi-governmental activity or function Public buildings, including but not limited to, City Hall, public libraries, and police and fire stations Quasi-public facilities such as public utility facilities, water wells, reservoirs, and similar uses Institutional uses such as public and private schools Utility easements. Within utility easements, private nursery operations can be allowed consistent with provisions set forth in the zoning ordinance. 21 Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  Open Space  All public parks and City-owned recreational facilities are included in the Open Space category.  While parks represent the primary permitted use, permitted recreational facilities include public gymnasiums, multi-purpose community buildings, child care centers for City-supported programs, and similar uses of a public-serving nature.  No intensity restriction applies to the Open Space category. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 22  Other Land Use categories for specific areas  Industrial  Tourist areas  Transportation/ communication/utilities  Agriculture  Undeveloped areas 23 Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  Concepts of Zoning Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 24  Definition of Zoning  Zoning - the division of a city into districts and the application of different regulations of buildings and structures in each district according to construction, and the nature and the extent of their use, and the nature and extent of the uses of land  Zoning - the legislative method of controlling land use by regulating such considerations as the type of buildings (e.g., commercial or -residential) that may be erected and the population density. -Applied primarily to urban areas, it is accomplished by dividing land area into zoning districts, each having specific conditions under which land and buildings may be legally developed and used.  Zoning - a planning control tool for regulating the built environment and creating functional real estate markets. It determines the location, size, and use of buildings and decides the density of city blocks (Source: https://urban-regeneration.worldbank.org/node/39) Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 25  Purpose of Zoning  Zoning aims to rationalize land use allocation and promote planned development in accordance with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) of the community  It is primarily concerned with the use of land and the control of density of population through the imposition of requirements affecting building heights, bulk, open space and density provision in a given area Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 26  Zoning Ordinance  Various land uses authorized by a zoning ordinance must be compatible with the objectives, policies, general land uses, and programs specified in the general plan. Any inconsistency of the zoning ordinance with the city l plan may lead to an abuse of police power.  In the event that a zoning ordinance becomes inconsistent with the city plan by reason of amendment of such plan, or any element of such plan, the zoning ordinance shall be amended within a reasonable time so that it is consistent with the city plan as amended.  To implement the Land Use Plan (LUP), a Zoning Ordinance (ZO) has to be prepared by the Planning Team and to be adopted by local legislation. The ordinance states the boundaries of the prescribed land use districts or zones, the allowable uses per land use and all other regulation pertaining to land uses. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 27  Purpose of Zoning Ordinances  It designates the kinds and types of buildings and structures permitted in each district of a community. If a zoning ordinance allows only houses and apartment buildings in a certain area, or district, said area must be planned completely as residential. The same is true for areas with commercial, industrial, manufacturing and public land districts when designated by zoning ordinances.  It regulates lot sizes, heights and placements of buildings on the required setbacks from property lines, the number and location of parking and loading areas, and the use of signs.  It regulates and controls the division of land within the city for the preservation of the public health, safety and general welfare, to promote orderly growth and development and to promote open space, conservation, protection, and proper use of land and to insure provision for adequate traffic circulation, utilities and services. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 28  Sample Zoning Ordinance Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 29  Lecture 3 Environmental Planning Law Coverage Definition of terms Scope of Practice Scope of Practices CHED Memo No. 60, s. 2017 Subjects in the Board Exam Examination Subjects Physical Planning Social Planning Economic Planning Planning Law and Administration Special Planning Qualifications of Examinees Qualifications of Examinees Penalty Penalty Transitory Provisions  LECTURE 4: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING (EMP) Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD DEFINITION Environmental Management Plan - describes how an action might impact on the natural environment in which it occurs and set out clear commitments from the person taking the action on how those impacts will be avoided, minimized and managed so that they are environmentally acceptable. Environmental Management Plan - a tool used to ensure that undue or reasonably avoidable adverse impacts of pre- construction, construction and operation, and decommissioning of a project are prevented; and that the positive benefits of the projects are enhanced. Environmental Management Plan/Program (EMP) - section in the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) that details the prevention, mitigation, compensation, contingency and monitoring measures to enhance positive impacts and minimize negative impacts and risks of a proposed project or undertaking (DENR AO-2003-30) OBJECTIVES OF AN EMP Protecting human health and the environment thru the reduction of environmental and health impact, biodiversity conservation, ecosystem recovery, and occupational health and safety. Ensuring compliance with regulatory authority stipulations and guidelines which may be local, provincial, national and/or international Ensuring that there is sufficient allocation of resources on the project budget so that the scale of EMP-related activities is consistent with the significance of project impacts Verifying environmental performance through information on impacts as they occur Responding to changes in project implementation not considered in the EIA Responding to unforeseen events Providing feedback for continual improvement in environmental performance Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  SCOPE OF AN EMP Description of the impact on the physical and biological environment of the activities Definition of the environmental management objectives to be realized during the life of a project (i.e. pre- construction, construction, operation and/or decommissioning phases) in order to enhance benefits and minimize adverse environmental impacts Description of the detailed actions needed to achieve these objectives, including how they will be achieved, by whom, by when, with what resources, with what monitoring/verification, and to what target or performance level. Mechanisms must also be provided to address changes in the project implementation, emergencies or unexpected events, and the associated approval processes. Clarification of institutional structures, roles, communication and reporting processes required as part of the implementation of the EMP Description of the link between the EMP and associated legislated requirements. Description of requirements for record keeping, reporting, review, auditing and updating of the EMP Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  COMPONENT Environmental policy Legal and other requirements Objectives and targets Organizational structure and responsibility Training and awareness Communications Self-auditing and monitoring Document control Management review STAKEHOLDER MAPPING STEPS IN PREPARING AN EMP BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Improved environmental performance Increased efficiency/reduced costs Increased employee awareness of environmental issues and responsibilities Enhanced image with public, regulators, lenders, investors and stakeholders TRIGGERS FOR PREPARING AN EMP 1. EMP following Environmental Impact Report. Following a full EIA process, culminating in the submission of an Environmental Impact Report, an EMP may be required as a condition of project approval. The EMP would be based largely on the mitigation measures proposed in the EIA 2. EMP as part of an Environmental Management System. An EMP may be prepared as part of an Environmental Management System (EMS), such as the ISO14001 standard. 3. EMP as part of Comprehensive Land Use Plan or Comprehensive Development Plan (to be discussed separately) Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD EMP AS PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Outline (DAO 2003-0030) A. Construction/Contractors Environmental Program B. Social Development Program C. Contingency/Emergency Response Plan D. Risk Management Program E. Abandonment Plan (when applicable) F. Environmental Monitoring Plan Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD EMP AS PART OF IEE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Outline(DAO 2003-0030) A. Summary Matrix of Proposed Mitigation and Enhancement Measures, Estimated Cost and Responsibilities B. Brief Discussion of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures C. Monitoring Plan D. Contingency Plan (if applicable) E. Institutional Responsibilities and Agreements Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD EMP AS PART OF PROJECT DESCRIPTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Outline (DAO 2003-0030) – discussion of the residual management scheme among others A. Air B. Water C. Land Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD  EMP AS PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS) Definition of EMS Definition -a strategic system, self-designed and implemented, which integrates the environment into the business decision making process Purpose -for an organization to understand environmental effects of its business and enhance environmental performance through self- directed continual improvement processes Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD  ❑ In the ISO14001 process, an Environmental Management Programme is prepared during the Planning stage, as shown in Figure 2. ❑ The key objectives of the Environmental Management Programme are to: Achieve the environmental performance objectives and targets that have been set Identify the responsibilities for the actions required Identify the means for conducting the actions (eg. technical, financial and organizational resources) Specify timeframes Specify procedures for amending the programme when necessary Engr Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD ISO 14000 STANDARDS A series of environmental management standards developed and published by the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) Provides a guideline or framework for organizations that need to systematize and improve their environmental management efforts Not designed to aid the enforcement of environmental laws Does not regulate the environmental activities of organizations Adherence to these standards is voluntary Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD ISO 14000 FAMILY OF STANDARDS GROUP STANDARDS Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001, ISO 14002, ISO 14004 ISO 14063 Environmental Auditing ISO 14010, ISO 14011,ISO 14012 ISO 14015 Environmental labelling ISO 14020, ISO 14021 ISO 14024 Environmental Performance Evaluation ISO 14031 Life Cycle Assessment ISO 14040,ISO 14041 ISO 14042, ISO 14043 Environmental Management Vocabulary ISO 14050 Environmental Aspects in Product Standards ISO 14064 ISO Guide 64 Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD  Evaluation & Management Product Support Auditing Tools System Standards Tools Life Cycle Auditing Guidelines EMS Assessment ISO 14010 Specification ISO 14040 ISO 14011 ISO 14001 ISO 14041 ISO 14012, 14015 ISO 14042, 14043 Environmental Environmental Performance EMS Guideline Labelling Evaluation ISO 14002,14004 ISO 14020 Guidelines ISO 14063 ISO 14021 ISO 14031 ISO 14024 Terms and Definitions ISO 14050 Environmental aspects of product To be used by other standards standards writers ISO 14064, Guide 64 Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD ISO 14001 ELEMENTS Management Environmental Review Policy Checking/ Continuous Planning Corrective Actions Improvement Environmental Aspects Measurement and Monitoring EMS Nonconformance and Compliance Corrective Actions Objectives and Targets Records Environmental Mgmt. EMS Audits Implementation Programs Roles and Responsibilities Training and Communication EMS Document Control Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD Emergency Preparedness and Response ISO 14001 STANDARD the most important standard within the ISO 14000 series specifies the requirements of an environmental management system (EMS) for small to large organizations. based on the Plan-Check-Do-Review-Improve cycle. Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD ISO 14001 COMPONENTS Environmental Policy Planning Implementation and Operation Checking and Corrective Action Management Review Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Issue a policy statement signed by facility manager At a minimum, commit to Continual improvement Pollution prevention Environmental compliance Identifies EMS framework Publicly available Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD PLANNING Identify environmental aspects of activities, products and services Determine which are associated with significant environmental impacts Identify and track legal and other applicable requirements Establish objectives and targets Establish an EMS Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD IDENTIFYING ASPECTS AND IMPACTS Activity Aspect Impact Handling oil or Accidental spillage Contamination of soil hazardous materials or water Product Aspect Impact Countless electrical Electricity use Contribution to global devices warming & air pollution Service Aspect Impact Vehicle maintenance Release of VOCs Air pollution Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD UNIVERSAL RISK MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY RISK MATRIX SIGNIFICANCE DETERMINATION  IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION Define roles and responsibilities Provide EMS training Establish internal and external communication mechanisms Establish document control system Establish operational controls Integrate with or establish emergency preparedness procedures Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD  CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION Conduct periodic monitoring of environmental performance Identify root causes of findings and conduct corrective and preventive actions Maintain environmental records Conduct periodic EMS audit Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD  MANAGEMENT REVIEW Ensure EMS’ continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Consider audit results, changing circumstances, commitment to continual improvement Address possible changes to policy, objectives Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD BENEFITS OF AN EMS Helps maintain compliance Reduce operating costs Integrate environmental programs into mission Increase employee involvement Reduce environmental impacts Engr Bonifacio B Magtibay, PhD  Lecture 5 – Planning for water supply systems Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 1  Basic framework for planning the management of water supply Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 2  Water Sources General sources: Groundwater, surface water, rainwater and reclaimed wastewater Types of sources (PD 1067, Article 5 & 6): Rivers and brooks Springs Natural lakes and lagoons Atmospheric water Subterranean or ground waters; Seawater Water in swamps and marshes Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 3  Water Uses (PD 1067, Article 10 ) Domestic- water for drinking, washing, bathing, cooking or other household needs, home gardens, and watering of lawns or domestic animals Municipal- water requirements of the community Irrigation - water for producing agricultural crops Power generation - water for producing electrical or mechanical power. Fisheries - water for the propagation and culture of fish as a commercial enterprise Livestock raising -water for large herds or flocks of animals raised as a commercial enterprise Industrial -water in factories, industrial plants and mines, including the use of water as an ingredient of a finished product Recreational -water for swimming pools, bath houses, boating, water skiing, golf courses and other similar facilities in resorts and other places of recreation Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 4  Water Classification (DAO 2016-08: Freshwater) Classification Beneficial Use1 Class AA Public Water Supply Class I. For waters having watersheds which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) Class A Public Water Supply Class II. For sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW. Class B Recreational Water Class I. For primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.) Class C 1) Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources 2) Recreational Water Class II (For boating, fishing, or similar activities) 3) For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering Class D Navigable waters Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 5  Water Classification (DAO 2016-08: Marine Water) Classification Beneficial Use Class SA 1) Protected waters- waters designated as national or local marine parks, reserves, sanctuaries, and other areas established by law (Presidential Proclamation No. 1801 and other existing laws, and/or declared as such by appropriate government agency, LGU, etc. 2) Fishery Water Class I- suitable for shellfish harvesting for direct human consumption Class SB 1) Fishery Water Class II – water suitable for commercial propagation of shellfish and intended spawning areas for milkfish and similar species 2) Tourist zones – for ecotourism and recreational activities 3) Recreational Water Class I – intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc) Class SC 1) Fishery Water Class III - for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources and intended for commercial and sustenance fishing 2) Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing, or similar activities 3) Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries; Class SD Navigable waters Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 6  Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance  DENR Memorandum Circular No. 98-06 series of 1998 prescribes water quality monitoring methodologies and procedures to be conducted by the DENR Regional Offices.  PD 856 (Chapter 2 IRR) requires the local health authority to establish a water surveillance program through the creation of Local Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Committee to oversee the operation of the water systems and the quality of water produced and distributed by them.  RA 9275- Water Quality Management Area shall create a multi- sectoral group to establish and affect water quality surveillance and monitoring network including sampling schedules and other similar activities Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 7  Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water, 2017  DOH Administrative Order No. 2017-0010 (https://bit.ly/3w0MeE7)  CLASSIFICATION OF DRINKING-WATER PARAMETERS 9 MANDATORY PRIMARY SECONDARY PARAMETERS PARAMETERS PARAMETERS 10 Parameters 56 Parameters 12 Parameters Required for Site-specific Parameters that examination by all Enforceable render the water drinking water service parameters unacceptable for providers Can be adopted by the drinking Legally enforceable LDWQMC Operational parameters parameters which Minimum parameters affect the efficiency required to be tested of the treatment for initial and periodic processes examinations 8/31/2022 Mandatory Parameters 1. Fecal Coliform/E. coli 7. Turbidity 2. Arsenic 8. pH 3. Cadmium 9. Total Dissolved Solids 4. Lead 10.Residual Chlorine 5. Nitrate 6. Color  Prevention and control of water pollution  Water treatment – removal of contaminants in water supply in compliance to national drinking water or effluent standards  Water safety planning – risk management approach to control contamination of drinking water  Sanitation safety planning – risk management approach to control pathogens from sanitation and wastewater systems that can contaminate drinking-water supply  Environmental sanitation – keeping the environment clean and free from all types of wastes that will contaminate water supply Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 11  Planning and implementation Define water uses and its corresponding water quality Describe where future expansion of facilities will occur and outline any phasing Determine water demand based on water uses and future expansion Design water supply systems to meet water demand Provide water treatment if necessary to ensure provision of required quality of water supply Develop risk management systems for water supply to protect the quality of water and public health Conduct water quality monitoring and surveillance Ensure that the involved human resources are professionally qualified and equipped with needed skills Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 12  Planning and implementation Estimate the length of time required to implement the plan, including stages of construction Identify factors that may influence timing and how to address them Estimate the costs of capital expenses and operation and maintenance Identify methods of financing (ex: property tax increase, capital borrowing, capital lot levies, special levies, gas tax rebate funds, septic dumping fees, utility rates, building permit costs Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 13  Information needed 1. The number of surface water and groundwater sources 2. Safe yield, seasonal flow variation, and annual water- use levels for each source 3. The location, capacity, current use, and age of water treatment plants, including disinfection or filtration systems 4. Average annual and peak water use by type of consumer (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, agricultural) 5. The location, capacity, current use, and type of raw and treated water storage capacity 6. Maximum contaminant levels or levels exceeded in treated water in the last three years 7. The location, capacity, current use, age, and materials of the pumping, transmission, and distribution system Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 14  Information needed 8. Number and type of connections and population served, communities served, and potential to connect to other public water systems 9. Water system size (small, medium, large), ownership, number and training of certified operators, approved operation and maintenance plans, and up- to- date water supply reports 10. Water system metering, rate structure, billing period, and rate schedule 11. Water system annual revenues, expenses, fixed assets, long- term debts, and contingency funds 12. Emergency response plans that describe contingency procedures in the event of drought, contamination, or system breakdown, including backup water systems Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 15  Selected approach and improvements Describe the improvements necessary repairs to fix leaks and other damage upgraded technology or facilities to meet standards for treatment and storage operational enhancements demand and supply management strategies to improve water production and need for expansion decommissioning failing water supply components and associated maintenance Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 16  Water quality management options Describe the water quality management option(s) available and the approach that is best suited to address the current and future needs of the planning area Explore the different types of systems available to manage water quality, such as water collection, treatment, storage and distribution Compare the feasibility of different options based on the geography, size, rate of growth and development, and financial capacity of the planning area Describe the selected approach and any limitations it may have. Describe how the community was consulted on the selected approach and alternatives. Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 17  Budget needed  Capital costs – fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of water or in the rendering of water supply services.  Operation and maintenance costs -expenses which are related to the operation of the water supply services, capacity building of staff, communication systems, or to the operation of a device, component, piece of equipment or facility Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 18  Lecture 6 – Planning for wastewater management systems Engr. Bonifacio B. Magtibay, PhD 1  Current Situation Sources of wastewater Annual wastewater volume produced by the sources Current wastewater management systems Existing policies, guidelines, and standards  Sources of Wastewater Describe the sources of wastewater in the planning area. On a map, locate the settlement areas and residences Locate commercial, institutional and industrial developments, particularly those with high wastewater production rates or those requiring special wastewater treatment  Annual Wastewater Volume Describe the annual wastewater volume produced by the sources Current population and past growth rates Number of residential units and average number of people per household Estimated average volumes of wastewater produced per person or per residence Estimated organic loading per person or per residence Estimated amount of truck hauled wastewater being produced from onsite systems, including septic tanks and holding tanks Existing Wastewater Management Systems Describe the wastewater management systems used -wastewater treatment plants and lagoons (public and private) - collection lines, lift stations, discharge routes -receiving waters, constructed wetlands and on-site systems (holding tanks, septic tanks and fields, ejectors) Describe the condition, performance and limitations of current systems and if there are issues on public health  Existing Policies, Guidelines and Standards Consider any recently updated regulatory requirements and their long- term cost implications. - Sanitation Code (PD 856) and Chapter 17 – Sewage Disposal IRR (June 2021) - Clean Water Act (RA 9275) and its IRR -DAO # 2016-08 (Effluent Standards) -DAO #2021-19 (Updated Effluent Standards) (June 2021) When designing wastewater treatment plants consider the DENR effluent standards and the classification of bodies of water where the effluent will be discharged.  Table 9. Effluent Standards(g) Parameter Unit Water Body Classification AA A B C D SA SB SC SD Physical-Chemical Ammonia as NH3-N mg/L NDA 0.5 0.5 0.5 7.5 NDA 0.5 0.5 7.5 BOD mg/L NDA 20 30 50 120 NDA 30 100 150 Boron mg/L NDA 2 2 3 12 NDA 2 20 80 Chloride mg/L NDA 350 350 450 500 NDA n/a n/a n/a COD mg/L NDA 60 60 100 200 NDA 60 200 300 Color TCU NDA 100 100 150 300 NDA 100 150 300 Cyanide as Free mg/L NDA 0.14 0.14 0.2 0.4 NDA 0.04 0.2 0.4 Cyanide Fluoride mg/L NDA 2 2 2 4 NDA 3 3 6 Nitrate as NO3-N mg/L NDA 14 14 14 30 NDA 20 20 30 pH (Range) NDA 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.5 5.5-9.5 NDA 6.5-9.0 6.0-9.0 5.5-9.5 Phosphate mg/L NDA 1 1 1 10 NDA 1 1 10 Selenium mg/L NDA 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 NDA 0.02 0.2 0.4 Sulfate mg/L NDA 500 500 550 1,000 NDA 500 550 1,000 Surfactants (MBAS) mg/L NDA 2 3 15 30 NDA 3 15 30 Temperature(h) oC change NDA 3 3 3 3 NDA 3 3 3 Total Suspended mg/L NDA 70 85 100 150 NDA 70 100 150 Solids  Parameter Unit Water Body Classification AA A B C D SA SB SC SD Metals Arsenic mg/L NDA 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.08 NDA 0.02 0.04 0.08 Barium mg/L NDA 1.5 1.5 6 8 NDA 1.5 2 8 Cadmium mg/L NDA 0.006 0.006 0.01 0.02 NDA 0.006 0.01 0.02 Chromium as mg/L NDA 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 NDA 0.1 0.1 0.2 Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) Copper as mg/L NDA 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 NDA 0.04 0.04 0.08 dissolved Copper Iron mg/L NDA 5 5 7.5 35 NDA 7.5 7.5 35 Lead mg/L NDA 0.02 0.02 0.1 0.2 NDA 0.02 0.1 0.2 Manganese mg/L NDA 2 2 2 20 NDA 4 4 40 Mercury mg/L NDA 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.008 NDA 0.002 0.00 0.008 4 Nickel mg/L NDA 0.1 0.2 1 5 NDA 0.2 0.3 1.5 Zinc mg/L NDA 4 4 4 8 NDA 0.1 1.5 3  Parameter Unit Water Body Classification AA A B C D SA SB SC SD Organics Benzo(a)pyrene µg/L NDA 1.5 1.5 3 6 NDA 1.5 3 6 BTEX Benzene mg/L NDA 0.1 0.1 0.5 5 NDA 0.1 0.5 5 Toluene mg/L NDA 3.5 5 20 25 NDA 5 20 25 Ethylbenzene mg/L NDA 1.5 1.5 7.5 10 NDA 1 7.5 10 Xylenes mg/L NDA 5 5 15 18 NDA 5 15 18 Malathion µg/L NDA 1 1 3 6 NDA 1 3 6 (Organophosphate) Oil and Grease mg/L NDA 5 5 5 15 NDA 5 10 15 Polychlorinated µg/L NDA