IHB - Unit 8 PDF - Urinary System

Introduction to the Human Body (SS33001FP) UNIT 8 IDENTIFY THE KEY STRUCTURES AND PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM HF3SS/ HFXSS_IHB_2024  The bladder can hold between one and one-half and two cups of urine or...

Introduction to the Human Body (SS33001FP) UNIT 8 IDENTIFY THE KEY STRUCTURES AND PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE URINARY SYSTEM HF3SS/ HFXSS_IHB_2024  The bladder can hold between one and one-half and two cups of urine or around 400 ml to almost 500 ml. As the bladder fills, nerve signals are sent to the brain. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND Source : https://medivizor.com/blog/2017/11/25/5-facts-about-bladder/ Unit objectives State the primary functions Identify the key structures Describe the process of urine formation List common disorders Primary functions of the urinary system Excretion - removal of most of the metabolic wastes produced by the body Elimination – discharge of the wastes out of the body https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nervous_system_diagram.png Structures of the urinary system Kidney Located in abdominal cavity Bean-shaped organs To produce urine Contain nephrons Nephron Smallest functional unit of the system Inside the kidney Micro-filtering unit https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kidney_and_Nephron.jpg Structures of the urinary system Ureter A tube To transport urine to urinary bladder Bladder A muscular sac Ureter Temporarily stores urine prior urination Urethra Bladder A tube Urethra To transport urine to exterior https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brain_human_normal_inferior_view.svg Process of urine formation Process in each nephron Filtration Blood pressure forces water and solutes through the ‘filters’ Reabsorption Removal of water and solutes from filtrate https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lerothas&action=edit&redlink=1 Secretion Preparing substances for excretion Common disorders of the urinary system 1) Urinary tract infection Infection of urinary system Can affect any part of the urinary system Usually caused by bacteria infections, eg. E.coli Symptoms include : Pain with urination Cloudy, foul-smelling pee Urinary incontinence https://www.myupchar.com/en/disease/urinary-tract-infection-uti Frequent urination Source : https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9135-urinary-tract-infections Common disorders of the urinary system 2) Renal failure (kidney failure) When one or both kidneys no working on their own May be temporary and acute (ie. develops quickly), or chronic and deteriorating. Common causes : Diabetes, high blood pressure, other chronic kidney diseases. No symptoms in early stages. Chronic stage symptoms include : Fatigue Confusion or trouble concentrating Swelling – hands, ankles, face Urinate more often Dry or itchy skin https://smart.servier.com/category/anatomy-and-the-human-body/cardiovascular-system/ Source : https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17689-kidney-failure Review questions A. Match these 1. Discharge of the wastes out of the body a. Elimination 2. Removal of water and solutes from b. Secretion filtrate. c. Reabsorption 3. Preparing substances for excretion d. Filtration 4. Blood pressure forces water and solutes e. Excretion through the ‘filters’ 5. Removal of most of the metabolic wastes produced by the body References Martini, F.H., Nath, J.L., and Bartholomew, E.F. (2018). Essentials of anatomy and physiology (11th e.d). Pearson Education Limited. Parker, Steve. (2019). The concise human body. Dorling Kindersley Limited.