Human Reproductive System Audio SAQs .docx

The Human Reproductive System Audio SAQs - What are primary sexual characteristics? A. The presence of male/female reproductive parts. - What are secondary sexual characteristics? A. Physical changes that can distinguish the sexes but are non-essential for reproduction that emerge at...

The Human Reproductive System Audio SAQs - What are primary sexual characteristics? A. The presence of male/female reproductive parts. - What are secondary sexual characteristics? A. Physical changes that can distinguish the sexes but are non-essential for reproduction that emerge at puberty. - Give 1 example of secondary sexual characteristics in males. A. Enlargement of the larynx (deepening of the voice)/ development of pubic and facial hair/ broadening of shoulders. - What are the functions of the epididymis? A. Matures and stores sperm. - What is the function of the urethra? A. Carries urine and sperm out of the body. - What is the function of the penis? A. Places sperm in the female body. - Are sperm haploid or diploid? A. Haploid. - Why do sperm contain many mitochondria? A. To have lots of energy to swim up the vagina and into the fallopian tube. - What are the primary hormones in the female reproductive system? A. Progesterone and oestrogen. - Give 1 example of secondary sexual characteristics in females. A. The enlargement of breasts/ production of pubic hair/ widening of pelvis. \- What is the function of the fallopian tube? A. transports the egg to the uterus and is the site of fertilisation. \- What is the endometrium? A. the uterine lining where the fertilised egg implants and develops into the placenta. \- What is the function of the vagina? A. allows for entry of sperm and acts as the birth canal. \- Where is the follicle stimulating hormone produced? A. the pituitary gland (brain). \- Where is progesterone produced? A. the corpus luteum. \- How long is the menstrual cycle? A. 28 days. \- What 4 hormones control the menstrual cycle? A. oestrogen, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinising hormone. \- What is the fertile period? A. the period during the menstrual cycle whereby fertilisation is most likely. \- What is the survival time for sperm? A. 0-7 days \- What is the survival time for the egg? A. 0-48 hours \- Name a menstrual disorder and its treatments. A. disorder = endometriosis Treatments = pain medication or hysterectomy - State 1 difference between male and female gametes. A. Larger number of sperm cells produced in comparison to egg cells/ eggs are produces monthly, sperm are produced constantly/ egg cells are large, sperm cells are small. - What is arousal? A. When the penis becomes erect and the vagina becomes lubricated. - What is copulation? A. The insertion of the penis into the vagina. - What is fertilisation? A. The fusion of sperm and egg nuclei to form a diploid zygote. - What is implantation? A. The embedding of a fertilised egg into the lining of the uterus. - What are the 3 GERM layers called? A. Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm - What organs/ systems is the ectoderm responsible for producing? A. Skin, nails, hair, nervous system - Name 2 systems the mesoderm is responsible for producing. A. Muscles/ skeleton/ excretory/ respiratory/ circulatory/ reproductive. - What is the placenta? A. An organ formed from a mixture of uterine tissue and embryonic tissue. - What develops in the embryo in the 6^th^ week of pregnancy? A. Major organs and sex organs. - In what week can the gender of the foetus be identified? A. The 12^th^ week. - What are the 3 stages of birth? A. Labour, parturition, afterbirth. - What is contraception? A. Removing the possibility of conception. - Give an example of natural contraception. A. Abstinence/ avoiding intercourse around ovulation. - Give an example of chemical contraception. A. The use of contraceptive pill/ spermicide - Give an example of surgical contraception. A. Vasectomy/ cutting or tying of fallopian tubes. - What is infertility? A. The inability to achieve conception naturally. - When does male infertility occur. A. Infertility in males occurs due to low sperm count - State possible causes of male infertility. A. Persistent drug and alcohol abuse/ stress. - What causes female infertility? A. Female infertility occurs due to blockage of the fallopian tubes. - What is In-Vitro Fertilisation? A. The fusion of an egg and sperm outside of the body. - What are some drawbacks of IVF? A. Some risk associated with drugs used/ higher risk of development issues/ expensive.