9-2 Synovial Joints PDF

9-2 Synovial Joints  Synovial joints (diarthroses) – Freely movable joints – At ends of long bones – Surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule) Contains synovial membrane – Synovial fluid from synovial membrane Fills joint c...

9-2 Synovial Joints  Synovial joints (diarthroses) – Freely movable joints – At ends of long bones – Surrounded by joint capsule (articular capsule) Contains synovial membrane – Synovial fluid from synovial membrane Fills joint cavity – Articular cartilage covers articulating surfaces Prevents direct contact between bones 1 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-2 Synovial Joints  Synovial fluid – Has the consistency of egg yolk – Contains proteoglycans – Primary functions include Lubrication Nutrient distribution Shock absorption 2 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-2 Synovial Joints  Synovial joints are mobile but relatively weak  Stabilized by accessory structures – Cartilages and fat pads – Ligaments – Tendons – Bursae 3 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-2 Synovial Joints  Cartilages – Meniscus—fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones  Fat pads – Adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane – Protect articular cartilages  Ligaments – Support and strengthen joints – Sprain—ligament with torn collagen fibers 4 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-2 Synovial Joints  Tendons – Attach to muscles around joint  Bursae – Small pockets of synovial fluid – Cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues 5 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-2 Synovial Joints  Factors that stabilize synovial joints – Prevent injury by limiting range of motion Collagen fibers of joint capsule and ligaments Shapes of articulating surfaces and menisci Other bones, muscles, or fat pads Tendons attached to articulating bones 6 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.