HSF-1 Lab Manual (Muscular System) PDF

**LABORATORY SESSION 4** MUSCULAR SYSTEM [Objectives:] - Name and identify superficial muscles of the head and neck region - Differentiate between muscles of facial expression and mastication - Name and identify muscles of the trunk and understand their actions - Name, identify and cla...

**LABORATORY SESSION 4** MUSCULAR SYSTEM [Objectives:] - Name and identify superficial muscles of the head and neck region - Differentiate between muscles of facial expression and mastication - Name and identify muscles of the trunk and understand their actions - Name, identify and classify muscles of the upper and lower limbs - Explain the actions of muscles of upper and lower limbs - Distinguish between the different types of muscles based on their characteristic histological features **Station 1**: Superficial Muscles of Face, Neck and Trunk [Resources:] Model of Superficial Muscles of Head and Neck Using the provided specimens, prepare to identify and demonstrate the following to your colleagues {Insert a ( ) opposite each task you complete for future revision}: **Tick (***)* **Tick (***)* --------------- ---------------------- --------------- -----------------------   Frontalis   Internal intercostal   Temporalis   Diaphragm   Masseter   Serratus anterior   Orbicularis oculi   Latissimus dorsi   Orbicularis oris   Trapezius   Occipitalis   Erector spinae   Buccinator   Rhomboid major   Platysma   Rectus abdominis   Sternocleidomastoid   Transversus abdominis   Pectoralis major   External oblique Pectoralis minor Internal oblique External intercostal 1. Which of the muscles identified above is/are sphincter (s)? 2. What are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid muscle? 3. Which of the muscles are referred to as muscles of facial expression and why? 4. Which are muscles of mastication? 5. Which of these muscles act on the shoulder joint and are also known as muscles of the upper limb? 6. Based on the position of the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles, what do you think are their actions on the arm? 7. What does "rectus" mean? What type of muscle is rectus abdominis? 1. List the muscles that can be classified based on shape and on size 2. What are the components and the function of erector spinae muscle? ***Notes:*** ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** **Station 2** -- Muscles of the Upper Limb [Specimen(s):] Models of Upper Limb With the aid of an Atlas, identify and demonstrate the following muscles to your colleagues on the plastic models {Insert a ( ) opposite each task you complete for future revision}: **Tick (***)* **Tick (***)* --------------- ----------------- --------------- --------------------------------   Biceps brachii Pronator teres   Brachialis Palmaris longus   Triceps Flexor carpi ulnaris   Deltoid Extensor carpi ulnaris   Teres major Extensor digitorum Teres minor Extensor carpi radialis longus Brachioradialis Flexor carpi radialis 1. With the aid of a table, classify the muscles above based on (i) shape, (ii) location and (iii) action 2. What are the attachments of brachioradialis muscle? 3. What is the action of biceps brachii? Which muscle acts as an antagonist to it? 4. Which other muscles in the list above are antagonists to each other? ***\ *** ***Notes:*** ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** **Station 3** -- Muscles of the Lower Limb [Specimen(s):] Models of Lower Limb With the aid of an Atlas, identify and demonstrate the following muscles to your colleagues on the plastic models {Insert a ( ) opposite each task you complete for future revision}: **Tick (***)* **Tick (***)* --------------- ------------------ --------------- --------------------   Pectineus Semimembranosus   Iliopsoas Biceps femoris   Sartorius Gluteus maximus   Rectus femoris Gluteus medius   Vastus medialis Adductor longus Vastus lateralis Tensor fascia lata Gracilis Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Soleus Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Fibularis brevis Tibialis posterior 1. With the aid of a table, classify the muscles above based on (i) shape, (ii) size, (iii) location and (iv) action 2. Which muscles are collectively known as hamstring muscles? What are their actions on the knee joint? 3. Which muscle is collectively known as the quadriceps muscle? What is its action on the knee joint? What is its relationship to the patella? 4. Which muscles are found on the anterior aspect of the thigh? What is their action on the knee joint? 5. Which muscles are located on the medial aspect of the thigh? What is their action? 6. What is the common tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus known as? 7. Which muscles are antagonists to the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles? 8. Which muscle in the lower limb is commonly used for intramuscular injections? ***\ Notes:*** ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** **Station 4** -- Histology of Muscle Fiber  [Specimen(s):] Plastic Model of Muscle Fiber [Introduction:] Muscles are multicellular contractile units, which can be divided into three types namely: skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. It is important for you to think about the similarities and the differences between these muscle types based on their structure and function. Now, use the provided model to study the histological features of muscle fiber. Identify the following on the model and on the slides. Insert a ( ) opposite each task you complete for future revision: **Tick (***)* **Tick (***)* --------------- -------------- --------------- ------------   Epimysium Sarcolemma   Endomysium Nucleus   Perimysium Dark band   Myofibrils Light band   Mitochondria H-zone Sarcomere Z disc ***Notes:*** ***\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_*** **\ **