Professional Communication Basics PDF

1.1 ​ Communication generates meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues influenced by multiple contexts. There are three types of communication: verbal, nonverbal, and written. ​ Three forms of communication are relevant to health studies: intrapersonal,...

1.1 ​ Communication generates meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues influenced by multiple contexts. There are three types of communication: verbal, nonverbal, and written. ​ Three forms of communication are relevant to health studies: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and group communication. ​ Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself and occurs only inside our heads. ​ Interpersonal communication is communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another and typically occurs in dyads, which means in pairs. ​ Group communication occurs when three or more people communicate to achieve a shared goal. 1.2 ​ Communication models are insufficiently complex to capture all that occurs in a communication encounter. Still, they can help us examine various steps in the process to better understand our communication and the communication of others. ​ The transmission model of communication describes communication as a one-way, linear process in which a sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel to a receiver who decodes it. The transmission of the message may be disrupted by environmental or semantic noise. This model is usually too simple to capture face-to-face interactions but can be usefully applied to computer-mediated communication. ​ The interaction model of communication describes communication as a two-way process in which participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning by sending and receiving feedback within physical and psychological contexts. This model captures the interactive aspects of  communication but still doesn’t account for how communication constructs our realities and is influenced by social and cultural contexts. ​ The transaction model of communication describes communication as a process in which communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. This model includes participants who are simultaneously senders and receivers and accounts for how communication constructs our realities, relationships, and communities. 1.3 ​ Communication meets our physical needs by helping us maintain physical and psychological well-being; our instrumental needs by helping us achieve short- and long-term goals; our relational needs by helping us initiate, maintain, and terminate relationships; and our identity needs by allowing us to present ourselves to others in particular ways. ​ Communication is a process that includes messages that vary in terms of conscious thought and intention. Communication is also irreversible and unrepeatable. ​ Communication is guided by culture and context. ​ We learn to communicate using systems that vary based on culture and language. ​ Rules and norms influence the routines and rituals within our communication. ​ Communication ethics varies by culture and context and involves the negotiation of and reflection on our actions regarding what we think is right and wrong. 1.4 ​ Communication competence refers to the knowledge of effective and appropriate communication patterns and the ability to use and adapt that knowledge in various contexts. ​ To be a competent communicator, you should have cognitive knowledge about communication-based on observation and instruction, understand that individual,  social, and cultural contexts affect competence, and adapt to those various contexts. ​ Integrating skills: Developing communication competence in speaking and listening will help you in not just academic but professional contexts. ​ Levels of communication competence include unconscious incompetence, conscious incompetence, conscious competence, and unconscious competence. ​ To develop communication competence, you must become a more mindful communicator and self-monitor at a higher level. ​ Communication apprehension (CA) refers to fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to real or imagined communication with another person or persons. Public speaking anxiety is a form of CA that specifically focuses on anxiety about giving a public presentation. Both are commonly experienced by most people and can be managed using various strategies. 1.5 ​ Professional communication requires formality when speaking, writing, and composing emails. ​ Professional communication principles include being ethical, truthful, accurate, clear, concise, and comprehensive. Communication - a process by which information is exchanged between individuals ​ Verbal, non-verbal, dance, artistic (paintings, sculptures) ​ Emotional feeling Why ​ Exchange information ​ Gather opinions ​ Express a need (baby crying for food or getting out of crib) ​ Identity come from communication Forms ​ Intrapersonal - communication between ourselves ​ Interpersonal communication - between people ​ Group - 3 or more people communicating to achieve same goal Encode - The process of putting thoughts into symbols, most commonly words Decode - Reading LINEAR MODEL - SAME AS TRANSMISSION Transmission model ​ Focus is on sender and the message with in communication encounter ○​ Print newspaper ○​ Tv - dont know people are watching ○​ Radio - don't know people are listening Interactional ​ Start by being sender then receiver becomes sender and you become receiver ​ Feedback ​ More interactive ​ Psychological/Physical - facial expression, body language ○​ Text message ( 3 dots and then you reply) ○​ Face to face meetings ○​ Phone calls Transactional model ​ It is a process in which communication generates social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts. ​ Has sender and receiver, relationships as well as communities ​ Gender ​ Ethnicity ​ Socioeconomic status Noise - disrupts communication ​ External noise - background music, fans ○​ Smell ​ Psychological noise ○​ Stress shame fear ​ Physiological noise ○​ Headache, fatigue ○​ Illness Environment ​ Creates relationships ​ Alliances ​ Engages others with dialogue Communication is unrepeatable ​ Can never be recreated ​ “Finish your dinner” - different from who is hearing it Content and relational dimensions ​ Content = information of what is being communicated ○​ WHAT of message ○​ External to the speaker and listener ​ Relational = relationship between people ○​ Reveals something about people ○​ Focus on expression and interpretation ○​ WHO of message Communication competence ​ Knowledge ​ Skill ​ Adaptability Unconscious Incompetence - Unaware of of skill and lack of proficiency Unconscious Competence - Performing skill becomes automatic Conscious Competence - Able to use skill with effort Conscious Incompetence - Aware of skill but not yet proficient Self - monitoring - ability to monitor yourself presentation ​ Characteristic allows people to monitor/control how they appear to others ​ Appearance, emotions, response to stimulus Mindful communicator - listening and speaking Name, Occupation, Duty (NOD) ​ NOD is a simple practice and concept that reflects the spirit of Patient & Family Centered Care. ​ Helps patients feel more relaxed, included, understand staff goals, AIDET Acknowledge - greet patient with their name Introduce - introduce yourself, tell them who you are Duration - keep in touch to ease wait times, accurate time expectations, apologize for delays Explain - step by step what will happen, ask patients if they have questions Thank - thank patient for time,