Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems PDF

Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 42. The purpose of lateral views in micturating cystourethrography studies is ……. A. To ev...

Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 42. The purpose of lateral views in micturating cystourethrography studies is ……. A. To evaluate for leaks B. To detect urinary tract infections C. To assess bladder filling complications D. To diagnose urethral trauma E. To detect fistulation 43. A film that may improve visualization of distal ureters is ……. A. Immediate film B. 5-min film C. 10-min film D. Release film E. Prone abdomen film 44. What are the alternative imaging modalities that can be used to characterize an adrenal mass as malignant? A. Unenhanced CT and 18-F FDG-PET B. Contrast-enhanced CT and 18-F FDG-PET C. Unenhanced CT and 18-F DOPA-PET D. Contrast-enhanced CT and 18-F DOPA-PET E. Unenhanced CT and 18-F FLT-PET 45. The MRI sequence that is most commonly used to visualize the fluid-filled structures of the entire urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is …… A. T2-weighted spin echo (SE) sequence. B. Static fluid-sensitive urography using heavily T2-weighted sequence C. 3D gradient echo, 3D gradient echo, T1-weighted sequence D. T1-weighted sequences post gadolinium enhancement E. Diffusion weighted sequences 46. What is the main indication for performing micturating cystourethrography in children ? A. Vesicoureteric reflux B. Bladder cancer C. Urinary retention D. Neurogenic bladder E. Urethral stricture 47. What is the purpose of using Antiperistaltic drugs before MRI of the prostate? A. To reduce the bowel motion and distortion B. To increase the bowel distension and opacification C. To enhance the bowel contrast and differentiation D. To improve the bowel function and clearance E. None of the above 48. What is the purpose of delayed thin-section scans in CT urogram? A. To assess for renal parenchymal disease B. To determine renal artery stenosis C. To examine collecting systems and ureters D. To evaluate renal artery aneurysms E. To review source images and multiplanar reconstructions 49. Which of the following is a contraindication to intravenous excretion urography? A. Haematuria B. Contrast medium allergy C. Loin pain D. Suspected urinary tract pathology E. Renal colic 50. The functional study included in multipara metric MRI prostate is…….. A. T2 B. SPIR C. DWI D. TI E. FLAIR -6- PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 51. The contraindication(s) for performing ascending urethrography in the male is/are……. A. Acute urinary tract infection B. Chronic renal failure C. Allergy to iodine D. Fistulae E. Congenital abnormalities 52. When is the compression released in a renal imaging procedure? A. After the Immediate film B. During the 5-min film C. After the 10-min film D. Before the release film E. After plain films 53. A method(s) that is used for urological diagnosis and cancer staging is/are ……. A. CT adrenals B. CT KUB C. CT urography D. CT angiography E. All of the above 54. What is the primary objective of acquiring the initial “arm-to-kidney” film during an intravenous urography procedure ? A. To assess for potential ureteral obstructions based on kidney size discrepancies B. To evaluate the detailed anatomy of the urinary bladder and its filling C. To capture the most concentrated phase of contrast enhancement within the renal parenchyma D. To screen for radiopaque stones in the ureters and bladder before contrast reaches the kidneys E. To compare renal size and function by measuring the density of the nephrogram on both sides 55. During intravenous urography, when is the immediate film exposing the nephrogram taken ? A. 20 minutes after injection B. 30 minutes after injection C. 10-14 seconds after injection D. 5 minutes after injection E. 15 minutes after injection 56. How can renal artery stenosis be diagnosed using Doppler techniques ? A. Using a low-frequency transducer B. Elevated peak systolic velocities exceeding 200 cm s-1 C. Assessing the kidneys from an oblique lateral approach D. Direct visualization of thrombus within the renal vein E. A raised resistive index with reversal of arterial diastolic flow within the intrarenal arteries 57. How is the volume of the bladder calculated during an ultrasound? A. By counting the number of bladder walls visible B. By estimating based on patient history C. By using a ruler to estimate size D. By measuring three diameters pre and post micturition E. By measuring the bladder volume when empty 58. What is the recommended time for renal CT scan in order to prevent small lesions from being obscured? A. 30 seconds post contrast B. 50 seconds post contrast C. 70 seconds post contrast D. 100 seconds post contrast E. 300 seconds post contrast -7- PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 59. All of the following conditions are considered as contraindications for applying compression during the 5-min film in intravenous urography except …… A. After recent abdominal surgery B. Produce pelvicalyceal distension C. After renal trauma D. If there is a large abdominal mass or aortic aneurysm E. When the 5-min film shows already distended calyces indicative of obstruction 60. In MRI of the prostate, a thin-section ………. small field of view T1-weighted spin echo (SE) scans in axial plane orthogonal to the axis of the prostate is used to evaluate for post biopsy hemorrhage. A. 3-4 mm B. 4-5 mm C. 0.6-1 mm D. 5-6 mm E. 1-2 cm 61. The indications MR urography include all the following except ……. A. Urolithiasis B. Urinary tract obstruction C. demonstrate the collecting system D. Renal transplant donor assessment E. Congenital anomalies 62. ……… uses a combination of unenhanced, nephrographic and delayed scans following i.v. contrast to sequentially allow examination of renal parenchyma and collecting systems. A. CT KUB B. CT urography C. СТА D. CT arthrography Plain E. CT 63. What is the optimal injection rate of i.v. contrast medium (LOCM 300) in CT angiography ? A. 1-2 mL/s B. 3-4 mL/s C. 5-6 mL/s D. 7-8 mL/s E. 5-8 mL/s 64. What is the contrast media used in ascending urethrography in males? A. Dye solution 100 mg/ml B. Saline solution 0.9% 10 mL C. LOCM 200-300 mg/ml D. Barium sulfate suspension 100 mL E. None of the above 65. The patients who should be prepared with oral or intravenous hydration before undergoing urography are those who have …… A. A history of kidney stones B. A history of allergic reactions C. Diabetes and impaired renal function D. Urinary tract infections E. A history of Recurrent urinary tract infection 66. What is the main advantage of ultrasound in comparison with other imaging modalities for the urinary tract? A. It is more accurate and sensitive B. It is more cost-effective and widely available C. It is more invasive and specific D. It is radiation-free and safe E. It is more dynamic and real-time -8- PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 67. Which imaging modality is commonly used for assessing retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in the staging investigations of patients with bladder and prostate cancer? A. MRI of the abdomen and pelvis B. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis C. Ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis D. PET-CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis E. X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis 68. In order to assess the urinary bladder emptying in excretion urography, ……. should be taken. A. 10-min film B. After micturition film C. 5-min film D. Release film E. Immediate film 69. Regarding IVU post contrast images, all of the following films are taken except ………. A. Immediate film 10-15 sec B. 25 min film C. 10 min film D. Release film E. After micturation film 70. In a CT urogram, what is the purpose of acquiring thin-section scans during the nephrographic / parenchymal enhancement phase ? A. To assess renal tract calculus disease B. To differentiate stones at the Vesicoureteric junction C. To visualize small tumors D. To examine collecting systems and ureters E. To assess ureteral obstruction 71. All the following are contraindications of MRI examination except? A. Cardiac pacemaker B. Metallic implants C. Pregnancy D. Contrast allergy E. Shells and metallic foreign bodies 72. One of the indications of IVU procedure is ……. A. Loin pain B. Allergies C. impaired renal function D. abdominal pain E. Fever of known origin 73. What is a relative indication for hysterosalpingography? A. Active infection with discharge B. Pregnancy C. Recent curettage D. Menstruation E. Recurrent miscarriages 74. Regarding hysterosalpingography preparation, the procedure should performed at …….. A. First to third day after menstrual cycle B. Between the 4th and 10th days of cycle C. Between 12 and 17 day of cycle D. After 20th day of cycle E. During menstrual cycle 75. What is the medication that should be given to relax the muscles in the hystrosalpingography A. Maxalon B. Glucagon C. Buscopan D. Methyl cellulose E. None of the above -9- PixelDiagnost?