Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems PDF

Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 76. What is a potential complication related to the contrast medium used in hysterosalpingography?...

Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 76. What is a potential complication related to the contrast medium used in hysterosalpingography? A. Increased pain from smooth muscle contraction B. Tubal spasm C. Allergic phenomena if contrast medium enters circulation D. Significant bleeding after the procedure E. Intravasation of contrast medium into the venous system 77. Which pulse sequences are commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging of the reproductive system to enhance diagnostic accuracy ? A. T2-weighted images B. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images C. Diffusion-weighted images D. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping E. All of the above 78. All are complications of retrograde pyeloureterography except ……. A. Pyelosinus extravasation B. Pain and fever C. Infection D. Perforation or damage to the ureter or renal pelvis E. Demonstrate site and nature of obstruction 79. Equipment of percutaneous nephrolithotomy include the followings except …… A. US machine B. Puncturing needle (18G) C. Track dilating equipment D. Pump injector E. Guidewires 80. ……….. is mainly used for both staging of gynaecological malignancy acute pelvis emergencies. A. CT B. MRI C. Color Doppler D. ERCP E. B-mode US 81. What are the contraindications for retrograde pyeloureterography ? A. Acute urinary tract infection B. Chronic kidney disease C. Urinary stones D. Prostate enlargement E. ureteral fistula 82. During the percutaneous antegrade pyelography exam, the suitable position to encourage contrast medium down the ureters is ……. A. Patient lies prone oblique B. Oblique and AP positions C. Semi erect position D. Lateral position E. Erect position 83. What is the purpose of percutaneous antegrade pyelography and nephrostomy? A. Removal of kidney stones B. Treatment of urinary tract infections C. Induction of renal tract obstruction D. Introduction of a drainage catheter into the collecting system of the kidney E. All of the above 84. CT staging in gynecological malignancy usually performed with …….. A. Native study B. Oral contrast C. IV contrast D. Rectal contrast E. B & C - 10 - PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 85. …… Are best performed after a delay of 1-2 days, to allow the patient to recover and be able to cooperate, blood clot to resolve and infected systems to be drained. A. Post-nephrostomy study B. IVU study C. HSG study D. Retrograde pyeloureterography study E. MRCP study 86. The equipment that is used in retrograde pyelography is …….. A. Fluoroscopy B. CT C. MRI D. US E. Angiography 87. The patient Preparation of percutaneous antegrade of pyelogrphy and nephrostomy should A. Be fasting for 4 hours B. Drink fluids only C. Gastric be empty D. Take antibiotic E. None of the above 88. Which technique can be performed if a varicocele is suspected during scrotal ultrasound? A. Valsalva maneuver B. Deep breathing C. Coughing D. Jumping jacks E. Push-ups 89. One of the followings is contraindication of percutaneous nephrostomy ? A. Renal tract obstruction B. Pyonephrosis C. Uncontrolled bleeding diathesis D. prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy E. Ureteric or bladder fistulae 90. What is done during cyst puncture in percutaneous renal cyst puncture and biopsy ? A. Removal of the cyst wall B. Injection of contrast medium into the cyst C. Aspiration of the cyst contents for examination D. Placement of a drainage tube into the cyst E. Placement of a stent 91. What are the two imaging modalities that can be used to guide the needle insertion in percutaneous renal cyst puncture and biopsy ? A. Ultrasound and CT B. X-ray and MRI C. Fluoroscopy and PET D. SPECT and MRA E. DSA and OCT 92. The most indication of MRI reproductive system is ……… A. Endometriosis B. Hydrocele C. Pyonephrosis D. Bladder fistulae E. None of the above 93. Local staging in endometrial and cervical cancers is better performed with …….. A. Conventional US B. CT C. ERCP D. MRI E. Color Doppler ultrasound - 11 - PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 94. What is the position of the patient during percutaneous renal cyst puncture ? A. Supine B. Prone C. Lateral decubitus D. Trendelenburg E. Medial decubitus 95. Which sequences are commonly used for assessing the ovaries in MRI of the reproductive system? A. Axial T1-weighted spin-echo sequences B. Axial T2-weighted spin-echo sequences C. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo sequences D. Sagittal T2-weighted spin-echo sequences E. All of the above 96. The following method(s) are commonly used for imaging the scrotum and testes: A. Ultrasound B. MRI C. Radionuclide imaging D. Venography (including embolization of varices) and angiography E. All of the above 97. Technique of renal arteriography femoral artery puncture for flush aortography, a pigtail catheter is placed proximal to the renal vessels approximately at ……. Level. A. TI B. T4 C. T7 D. T9 E. T12 98. Which sequences are commonly used in scrotal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify hemorrhage ? A. High-resolution axial T1-T2 weighted spin echo scans B. High-resolution axial T2-weighted spin echo scans C. High-resolution sagittal T2-weighted spin echo scans D. High-resolution coronal T2-weighted fast spin echo scans E. low-resolution coronal T2-weighted fast spin echo scans 99. Perfusion imaging of the uterus is primarily used for………. A. Assessing the effectiveness of uterine fibroid therapy B. Evaluating endometrial abnormalities C. Detecting pelvic inflammatory disease D. Assessing ovarian function E. Assessing ovarian disease 100. …….. is contrast medium injected into the uterine and fallopian tubes, and high- resolution ultrasound images are obtained. A. Gadoxetic acid B. Exem foam C. lodipamide meglumine D. Microbubbles agent E. Meglumine iotroxate 101. The transducer that is typically used for ultrasound of the scrotum is……………. A. 7.5-15-MHz linear transducer B. 5-7-MHz endovaginal transducers C. 2-5-MHz curvilinear transducers D. All of the above E. None of the above - 12 - PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 102. When is percutaneous nephrolithotomy typically performed ? A. In cases of bladder cancer B. To assess renal blood flow C. For the disintegration of large renal calculi D. Renal stone E. To evaluate ureteral trauma 103. The ultrasound of female reproductive system can assess …… A. Uterine size B. Uterine fibroids C. Endometrial thickness D. Volume of ovaries E. All of the above 104. Diagnostic renal arteriography has been replaced generally by …… A. Conventional ultrasound B. Contrast enhanced ultrasound C. CT urography D. MRI urography E. MRA 105. Which of the following complications can occur due to overfilling during retrograde pyeloureterography ? A. Pyelosinus extravasation and pyelotubular reflux resulting in pain, fever, and rigors B. Acute urinary tract infection C. Ureteral obstruction D. Bladder cancer E. Kidney stones formation 106. The percutaneous antegrade pyelography and nephrostomy may be require to perform prior to. A. Renal surgery B. Kidney transplant C. Renal arteriography D. IVU E. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy 107. A delayed complication that can occur after percutaneous nephrolithotomy is ……. A. Arteriovenous fistula B. Acute kidney injury C. Ureteral stricture D. Damage to diaphragm E. Damage to colon 108. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is primarily used as a complementary tool to conventional T2- weighted images for : A. Assessing the presence of uterine fibroids B. Evaluating endometrial thickness C. Determining the size of ovarian cysts D. Assessing the extent and staging of gynecological malignancy E. None of the above 109. Which of the following equipment’s do not used in hysterosalpingography exam? A. Fluoroscopy unit with spot film device B. Vulsellum forceps C. Biopsy needle D. Balloon catheter 5-F to 7-F E. Margolin cannula - 13 - PixelDiagnost? Special Radiological Procedures for Biliary and Reproductive Systems Hussein Shakir Abdzaid ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 110. According to postoperative (T-tube) cholangiography, in the case of recent biliary anastomosis (i.e. liver transplant), ……… of contrast should be injected. A. 10 ml. B. 2 mL C. 20 mL D. 30 mL E. 5 mL - 14 - PixelDiagnost?