History Notes Unit 3 PDF

In these wars we see the Romans brutally punishing the slaves that revolted at the end of the third servile War Yang up and coming General by the name of nias papius right who is or or poppy as he’s known not to be confused with Pompeii they’re not spelled exactly the same with their clothes so peop...

In these wars we see the Romans brutally punishing the slaves that revolted at the end of the third servile War Yang up and coming General by the name of nias papius right who is or or poppy as he’s known not to be confused with Pompeii they’re not spelled exactly the same with their clothes so people think they’re tied together they’re not poppy is a general Papi isn’t up and coming General and he’s the guy that they crucifies the 6000 slaves on the way back to Rome right do we not cover that you guys are all looking at me like you’ve never heard anything really cover that we got to the slideThe idea of civitas doing one civic duty and the idea of any idea of the government being structured so that no one man has too much power we’ve seen the Romans defeat the carthaginians and establish themselves as as the preeminent power in the Mediterranean and Rome Rises then we start seeing you know Marius comes along he does the Marion reforms which changes the military and makes them more capable of dealing with the fact that Rome is all those still Republic it’s really a serving as an Empire now it’s it’s massive it’s taking over there massive influxes of people Maury there’s a problem with too many poor people in the city one of those issues is food right because Rome cannot produce enough food to feed itself so it has to rely on places like North Africa and Egypt think about that if all your grain is coming over on ships from Egypt and a ship sinks what happens in Rome starvation so if a military wants to Cripple Rome they can they can take out they could get their Navy take out shit shit and stuff amount but the point is it’s not just enemy attacks it’s things like bad weather it’s things like crop failures in places like Egypt right put them away right so it’s things like crawfish things like bad weather ships sink right if they get blown off course all these things can happen so while this is all going on Marius he has a young Protege named Sala Sala takes over they end up getting into a Civil War and when that War’s over what happens what does solar do guy what’s that no he doesn’t become the emperor kills Mariusz everybody war between Marius and Salah Salah does the prescriptions right so it takes his political enemies and he puts in their name on a list right and they start attacking them okay they start like literally kicking them out of roll right they say the lucky ones just leave Rome The Unlucky ones they might get killed in Rome they get declared his enemies of Rome and people start going out then these are these are these prescriptions of sella right this is a very ugly time in Rome they do stuff like making up a bunch of a bunch of fake you know legal charges and dragging them into court oh no no wait a minute that was what they did to they when there’s a natural disaster or any house that’s got to Amaria sign out front they skip oh no wait that’s what they did to yes hear about that right who are fighting for power sometimes physically fighting for power right because remember a lot of the troops are loyal to the generals not to the idea of Rome right so you’ve got these guys literally slugging it out for who’s going to be in charge okay you you still got lots of people coming to Rome because that as the seat of the Empire right remember small the Empire it’s not a Roman Empire yet it’s still Republic but it functions as an Empire right meaning that it’s got multiple different people’s all under one political rule right so there’s still tons of foreigners coming into Rome and there’s not enough food and jobs etc etc we see food riots going up okay so you think that maybe the Roman government would do something about this right but the Roman government has gotten corrupt and they’ve gotten scared and they’ve gotten isolated nobody really wants to stand up to these generals and these senior politicians because they saw what solid did right with these prescriptions with people literally being attacked in the streets for voicing their political points of view Okay so the Senators have gotten kind of I’ve gotten kind of cowardly at this point they’re not really doing their job in terms of taking care of the people they spend most of their time taking care of who do you think themselves themselves that highest class of people in Rome they are the rich they are the powerful they have the political power they are the Elite and they spend most of their time passing laws which favor them right so it’s kind of an ugly situation going on right the biggest argument if you were to ask if your basic Roman walking down the street if you say you know what are you think of the government he would probably say it’s out of touch with us it doesn’t work for us anymore anybody ever heard any of this stuff like about today’s day and age right when I graduated college low so many years ago 20 30 years ago right 35 years ago my observation was that the United States of America was entering into a time period that looked a lot like the late Republic in Rome the government is isolated from the people they look out for themselves you know you’ve got people who have been in government service their entire lives but they’re rich senators and congressmen don’t make that much money they make a good amount of money but they don’t make like serious rich person money right you know President Biden has spent his entire life in public service he’s married to a teacher yet he’s a not a billionaire but a millionaire multiple times over how does that happen when you work for the government right well something fishy is going on right same thing is going on in Rome Something Fishy is going on okay yep those donationsleave you alone but but those that money that flows to the government doesn’t go to doesn’t go to like Trump he doesn’t need my money he’s got 20% right that goes to the campaign by the way anybody know how much in debt the Harris walls campaign is at this moment they were they were the that was the highest fundraising campaign in history the United States of America do you know how much money and keep in mind she was only the candidate for about a hundred days right do you know how much money the Harris Waltz campaign made a billion dollars a billion dollars do you know how much money they spent 1 billion 20 million so their campaign is in debt 20 million bucks right now because when Beyoncé comes and sings that your campaign rallies right cardi B Megan the stallion whatever all these people that were doing these events they paid them to do that and it didn’t really work out so now they’re about 20 million bucks in debt which is interesting right but these are the kind of things that we see with politicians when politicians are working for the politicians not for you me we the people right they’re supposed to be working for they the people right in Rome and they’re not doing it so enter into this mix Marcus tell me is Cicero if you are somebody that believes in Democratic principles if you are somebody that believes in the Republic of Rome you believe in civitas this idea of your duty to the state okay then Marcus told his Cicero is your hero all right Marcus told his sister is the one good man in this corrupt political situation that we have in the late Republic okay he was born in 106 BC and he lives until 43 BC this puts him he’s about 6 years older than Julius Caesar Caesar was born in 100 BC okay Marcus Cicero is elected console in 63 BC okay so let’s do some quick math what’s one of the 6 - 63 anybody I can’t do that 43 years old right that’s pretty impressive okay that’s pretty impressive the more impressive thing about Cicero is he is truly a republican he truly believes in the Roman Republic he truly believes in the Democratic principles the election of magistrates every year the plebs speaking on behalf of the tributions of the plebs speaking at me half of the police he really believes the stuff and he wants to make it work again like it did originally remember they don’t get to re-elect their Senators right what’s your Center your senator for life okay so Solo’s prescriptions have had a huge effect on the Senate because a lot of those people were prescribed they left Rome or they were slaughtered right so Cicero’s job is to try and fix the Senate he wants to go back to the good old days of the Republic and so he’s trying to stop the fighting right he’s doing whatever he can to make the Army’s loyal to Rome not to a general or to a politician and at the same time he is also trying to root out corruption in the Senate okay so to use a contemporary phrase he’s trying to drain the swamp right he’s trying to get rid of the corruption now the only problem with this is he fails big time the corruption is too deep the Senators are too entrenched they are too concerned about what matters to them and not what is best for Rome so Cicero fails okay which leads us to our next character you’ll notice that we got a new character on the board today this is Gaius Julius Caesar right Julius Caesar is born well before you get into that there have been many depictions of Caesar whether whether paintings or statues or you know whatever else rightnot a bit nope this is just work right when you plug in I can’t stand up here and just talk I got to move around all right so guys it’s very interesting he there’s all these depictions of them throughout history it’s a very famous guy I’m going to have a huge impact on Rome to get to work oh yeah okay so as far as we know there was only one depiction of him ever made when he was alive or that that we still have right there were coins meant and stuff like that but we know that this statue of Julius Caesar was done from life okay so it was a primary source material right it was a piece of art that was done and it was a guy looking at Caesar right and he chisel away some rock and get seizure to come back in and she’s away some more so this was actually done as a direct representation not too long ago there was an artist that went back and tried to recreate what famous people from history would have looked like if they were walking the Earth today right and this is the painting he came up with he used I think he did a painting and then he scanned it and used some Ai and stuff like that but you know you could imagine this guy you know just this dude here like walking down the street like you can imagine that guy like being somebody that you run into at the mall right looks like a very normal kind of guy so you see these these statues you think do they really look like the person well a little bit of artistic license to kind of kind of make them look real but I thought that was a pretty good likeness of him anyway Julius Caesar guy is Julius Caesar from the clan Juliet right so that’s his family name Julius first name Gaius he is born in 100 BC okay 100 BC he will die in 44 BC the age of 56 so a year younger than me right I haven’t quite done as much in my life as Caesar didn’t his but he never got a chance to teach you guys so you know all right pour into a very wealthy family they’re one of these old Patrician families it goes back years and years and years right I’m sure they claim that they were descendant from Aeneas Caesar’s family are good friends with marius’s family yes sir wouldn’t you said he they claim from the god from the gods of love something like that right which is which is Juno with the Dolphins and the baby on his leg Cupid yeah that’s the goddess Juno yeah so they also claim to be descended people used to claim it remember remember that statue of aneus right with his dad on his shoulder and then his his dad is holding those little statues those are their family Gods right their family ancestors so family was a huge thing in Rome so I’m sure the patricians you know almost all of them at this point certainly those are the senatorial class would have claim to send it from Aeneas the Julie I Clan also also claim to send it from the goddess Judo too right all right now his family are good buddies with marius’s family okay so quick review who loses the civil war between Marius and Salah Marius does right so if this if the Julie I are allies of the Marius plan what do you think happens to the July after the Civil War they get outcasts they get put on that prescription list right so this is a dangerous time to be a member of the July Clan so what Caesar does cuz he’s a smart guy Caesar decides that now would be a good time for him to go serve in the military okay so Caesar gets an appointment in 81 BCone of those tribuni and gustavaklavi right those narrow stripe tribunes and one of the young nobleman who’s doing their curses sonorum their career path okay so when he gets there to Turkey he ends up leading some actions and he wins awards for bravery right so from a very young age Caesar is so remember he’s 19 at this point he’s serving in a legion and he is given various different Awards because he is very brave in battle okay so this this kind of establishes his military friends right in 78 BC Sola dies okay so Caesar feels it’s now safe to return to Rome so he returns to Rome what are you laughing at what solidine is going to writing down a big letters Salah dies very very concerned with people dying 78 BC solar dies So remember Cesar has been off in Turkey fighting gets recognized for Valor in combat right again he would have probably been a tributes and gustachlani a narrow stripe Tribune which would be the first job that a young nobleman would have when they first join the legions so he would have probably been given a minor,nd or or a tasking to do something small did well at it so then they would start to increase his responsibility as time goes on in 78 BC solidize right so when Sola dies Caesar now feels that it’s safe to return home so after he spent some time in the military and done good things and again he’s established a reputation from himself remember there’s only five narrow stripe tribunes in a legion right so if you go and you do well everyone’s going to know who you are right all 5,000 people 5,120 of those spiders plus all the support groups are going to know who this guy is cuz there’s only five of them in the legion right so he’s made a name for himself and he is acknowledged now to be a good fire been 78 BC he returns to Rome now keep in mind when he left Rome he left because his family was out of political favor right his family had fought on the the Marius side of the war and so they were kind of like his family his friends everybody was kind of kicked out of room so when he gets back to Rome he just can’t come just Waltzing back in and get back on that career path because his family’s been out of favor for a couple years right and it’s not like when sulla died like the people who are loyal to Marius just took over they’ve got to reestablish themselves right so Caesar decides to pursue a career in law okay and he very rapidly establishes himself as a very proficient and very aggressive lawyer like he’s the guy if if you got a legal issue that needs to be handled you want Caesar on your side right because Caesar wins can’t law cases okay now part of being a lawyer is part of being a lawyer is you have to be able to speak well publicly and in Rome public speaking didn’t just mean that you were good at you know putting words together and you can make a good point and give a good speech there were very specific ways you were expected to behave as a speaker there were certain gestures that you have to do it certain times there were certain things ways to open an argument to close an argument all these different things went into how they how they addressed crowds so Caesar decides to further his education in terms of speaking publicly by attending a school in Greece that teaches this very suck so Caesar packs up his stuff he embarks gets on his ship to go across from Italy to Greece the problem is at this point the Mediterranean is a very Lawless Place Rome has kind of solidified its hold on the outside the Mediterranean but at Sea there’s still a lot of criminality going on right so what do we call criminals on the high seas Pirates right so I don’t mean like you know our babies and Jack Sparrow and parents on their shoulders but you know people that are criminals at Sea are called Pirates right so Pirates capture Caesar shit and they drag it off to their little Pirate Island and when they realized that Caesar is a nobleman from the Patrician class what do you think they do try and get trying to advancement so they send Messengers off to take messages back to Rome to his family to say give us some money and then we’ll release him on harm if you don’t give us the money we’ll kill you okay Caesar for his part when he finds out how much the Pirates have demanded for his release he calls them idiots he says you fools you could have gotten twice that much for me you guys are terrible Pirates right soso he kind of starts it you know and he’s their prisoner they got to feed him and stuff but they start talking with him and everything and he’s kind of like making fun of them right and he’s a very witty guy he’s a very you know so he’s you know he’s he’s kind of ingratiating himself to these Pirates and he tells the Pirates you know if you were really smart as soon as you get that money you just kill me and they’re like what do you mean I couldn’t be good Pirates if we if we kill our prisoners right cuz then nobody would ever pay our ransoms anymore and he says yeah but all your prisoners are me and I’m going to hurt you down and kill all you guys so they’re like hahaha that’s funny right except they get their payment they said Caesar free and Caesar hunts them down and kills them okay he goes back he hires Men He hires ships and he literally comes finds that set of pirates attacks their Camp takes them all prisoner and crucifies every last one of them so what’s the message don’t mess with Caesar right he’s a skilled military,nder he’s got an awards for that he has his reputation as being a very very capable lawyer and now we see if you mess with Caesar it is going to come back and bite you hard now Caesar decides since these guys treated him around well when he was in captivity but he wants to take Mercy on these guys so what does he do give him a quick test we talked about crucifixion right so while they are all nailed to the cross he decides I’m going to be merciful and he personally goes and cuts every single one of them’s throat so they don’t suffer so they don’t stop because he’s right now you think about and Caesar was really big in public affairs right he was really big in making sure everybody knew what he was doing and he was good at working the crowd and and you know really good publicity so Caesar makes so you can imagine Caesar going up to depending on how the cross with either lean in a ladder up and going and sweating their throats or if they were load up down just reaching a sword up and just cutting every single one of these guys throws can imagine him covered in blood right and he’s got people you know writing down the story and telling that story back in Rome so Caesar has now developed a reputation as being an incredible Warrior right a man not to be trifled with either in the courtroom or in person right brutal to his enemies but at the same time merciful right and we’ll see that Mercy thing come back in more surprising ways in the future right but Caesar is creating his own Public Image right anyway Cesar returns to Rome okay and he spends the next 10 years or so climbing the political ladder so at this point he’s well established lawyer he’s very very famous at this point and he starts getting elected to those various different magistrate jobs right and he’s doing that curses and Norm climbing the career path as as he develops himself politically as a figure in Rome now now even through he’s following the normal path it’s not like he’s playing by all the rules he’s a really rich guy he’s got this very frightening reputation so he uses intimidation and he uses bribes and influence pedaling he doesn’t influence pedaling is influence peddling is let me just make up a quick example let’s say your father is the is the vice president of the United States and you go to Russia and you demand that the Russians hire you or to Ukraine let’s say and you demand that they hire you to run energy companies and pay you a ridiculous salary even through you know nothing about energy companies that’s influence pedaling now that I can think of anybody in recent history that’s done that but that’s influence pedaling right so there’s this Veiled Threatso you know I get so let’s say let’s say Harper is in charge of of one of these one of those curious one of those voting blocks right so I go up to it I’m like you know I’m running for this magistrate job and I would love it if all the people in your assembly voted for me and you know good things will happen to you if you vote for me bad things might happen if you don’t vote for me and here’s here’s a couple thousand bucks just to make sure you know that I care about you right so there’s some intimidation but there’s also rewards to be had right and Caesar values loyalty very highly right so Caesar starts to climb the political ladder now that doesn’t mean everybody loves Caesar okay there are people who don’t like Caesar at all remember Caesar’s family fought on the Marius side of the Civil War and the suicide at this point is very entrenched in Roman politics so just as many friends as Caesars making whether there is real friends or they’re just intimidated by him he’s also making that many enemies right in 61 BC he’s appointed governor of Spain now this is kind of a peach assignment right because Spain is an incredibly Rich Province right of Spain at this point was one of the chief silver producers for the empire right so the Caesar and and when you’re the governor of Spain when you go from any Roman province not only are you going to personally get rich off if it’s a rich province but also it makes you the general that’s in,nd of all the legions that are in that area so they’ve each got their legate right their,nder but if there’s one or two Legions in the area you’re the overall,nder okay and again Caesar’s very popular with the truth okay so he goes to Spain he makes a ton of money and he comes back a year later having again enhanced his reputation and enhanced his personal finances right he returns in 60 BC and he runs for console in the year 59 he’s elected Council in the year 59 BC and he’s going to spend the next year as one of the councils of Rome now again there are still enemies so those enemies ensure that the coke console remember there’s always two they ensure that there is a co-console to put a check on Caesar’s power because they don’t want him to just be able to do whatever he wants to do okay so Cesar is in the highest position in the land right but they’re still some political opponents so Caesar needs to somehow get more power for himself right he needs to be able to do whatever he wants to do so what he does is he turns to hobby remember nice Papi Papi was the guy one of the guys to help to put down the third servile War crucified all those slaves right papi is a very at this point he’s a very famous General in in Rome Caesars the up and coming Young Star who’s got a good military reputation but poppy is considered to be the greatest General in all of Rome puppy doesn’t much like Caesar but he’s not very super political right he’s very well respected but he’s not super political but Caesar says I need to get some legitimacy on my side right because I’ve been kind of playing dirty pool and people know it so in order to form an alliance with poppy Caesar makes a very shrewd move he has a young daughter named Julia and he marries Julia to Poppy Poppy’s wife has just recently died the puppy is an old man right papi is much older than Caesar probably a matter of fact was Caesars like hero right like he’s this great General okay Caesar is younger than Poppy and then obviously Caesar’s daughter is younger than Caesar Caesar marries his daughter to Poppy okay so the old dude is now marrying this very very young lady right now Caesar’s daughter Julia Caesar marries her offline now remember the role of women in Rome the status of women was they were like children right they were essentially property of their parents rightlike their status was tied to their husband their husband was responsible for everything that they do or don’t do right now this doesn’t mean that there weren’t people that were married that were in love with each other but that wasn’t the reason people in the Patrician class got married okay as a young lady in the Patrician class you could expect your father to arrange a marriage and you’d have to get married to do something to further the family right things Romans still have this idea of The Virtuous Roman you know go back to Lucretia right this model of womanly virtue in Rome right they still have that idea of what does a good life and mother look like in in Rome so most young ladies you know they they’re going to obviously talk their fathers and try to get a good match if they end up if there ends up being loved in a marriage that’s great but that’s not the purpose for the marriage the purpose for the marriage is is you know political alliances and producing children right this also means that there’s probably an awful lot of Affairs going on because people are in love with people that they can’t marry right so there’s a lot kind of weirdness going on remember the Romans are not very much like us right by the way just just to be clear on this arranged marriages are far more successful than when two young people fall in love and get married right when two young people fall in love and get married it’s very easy for them to get married because they feel like they’re in love with somebody but they haven’t really thought through all the other things when the purpose of marriage is political alliances or just arranged marriages with the parents decide which other kids are getting married based on how they view them as compatibility those marriages tend to even today those marriages last a lot longer their entire cultures that still do arranged marriages right I have a good buddy of mine he’s Indian he you know when he got to the Marion age his parents like put ads in the paper and they got resumes and they like interviewed a different women and they went through this whole long process and they said here you go this is the one you’re going to marry it actually came down to like three different women and he went out on a date with all three of them like chaperoned and then they said okay pick one and they got married right up so that kind of stuff still goes on in the world it’s obviously not something that we do commonly anymore but arranged marriages have a really good track record for you know people aren’t in it because they feel like they’re in love specific thing that they’re trying to achieve right so you know again political advertisements are very successful in terms of producing children and making these alliances I’m not saying people are really happy because they’re married to the person they love cuz again that was not the gold right I’m not advising any of this right like Mom Dad you need to find me a good husband because like I’m not telling you go do that right I’m just saying back then this was the norm right so Caesar marries his young daughter to this old man happy which makes a political Alliance and it gives Caesar he gives Caesar some legitimacy right because Poppy is this great General okay it makes him look a little less crooked right papi for his part being married to Julia she’s this beautiful young girl so there’s that right but then there’s also the fact that Caesar is clearly an up and coming star in Rome’s political work right so there’s a bit there are some big advantages for poppy as well right all right now Caesar and Poppy are now Allied together by by marriage right so so they are now in this thing and they’re going to look for a third person to round out their their group right how they’re going to try to politically be in charge of Rome okay now this is called a triumvirate when you have three people ruling something okay so this is what’s known historically as the first triumvirate right and this is going to be Caesar on the right papi on the left and this very happy looking guy in the middle his name is Marcus licentious Crassus then we’ll talk about Crassus in a secondMagnus poppy is nice copious Magnus Magnus means the great right so this group is called the first triumvirate now before they go to Crassus Poppy and Caesar there you know they meet they’re like well who else can we invite to join us hey let’s get Cicero on our side right because Cicero is the choir boy Cicero’s the good guy Cicero’s the guy that isn’t corrupted all and he stands for the Republic and the way the Republic used to do stuff right so they think okay we’ve got a great General we’ve got this kind of sleazy political leader let’s get let’s get Cicero on our team because he’ll give us some legitimacy Cicero says no I don’t want to get my hands dirty in this mess right I’m just going to keep being a senator and doing my thing but I don’t want to be involved in that that you guys are doing okay cuz it’s a little too yicky for for Cicero so they instead invite Crassus to join their group now Crassus comes with his own benefits primarily money Caesar at this point is wealthy poppy is wealthy Crassus is Elon Musk wealthy Crassus has got more money than anybody else in Rome now the way Crassus got his money is kind of interesting remember we talked about all those all these immigrants moving into Rome so they’re constructing all these like tenement buildings for them to live in and they’re building those out of would what and what happens to Wood sometimes fire right so what classes does is he says well we need to have people who are trained to be like a fire department which didn’t exist back then but he kind of invents the idea basically fire insurance he goes up to people and he says oh I see you on this block of of like you know 10 minutes if you like pay us if there’s ever a fire in your apartment will come put it out so some people go yeah that’d be great it’s like insurance right so they go ahead and pay now if there’s a fire in their buildings boom they put it out if there’s not a fire fine they’re willing to pay that insurance money right sometimes there’s a fire in a building so Mathis he’s a slumber here and he owns this building and and it catches on fire so what is Crassus do put it out and he says hey I noticed your buildings on fire do you want us to put it out and Mathis is like yes please put my fire out and he’s like yeah it’s going to cost you twice as much as what they pay but now we’ll put it out and we’ll put you in the club right but you got to pay more now cuz you wouldn’t pay me up front Okay so a lot of people have no other choice they don’t want their buildings to completely burn down so they pay them and crashes puts up fire this starts to develop into what is called a protection racket okay so in protection racket would happens is I come to so I’ve got these guys signed up for insurance they’re good these guys lost some of their building but I put out the fire I got more money from them but now they’re part of the club but now Lila builds a building right and I go hey I noticed she built this building here it’ll be a real shame if it was to catch on fire and burn down why don’t you join the club if she says yes great she gives me money and now she’s covered by fire insurance if she says no what do I do set fire and then I extort the big money from her so the word starts going aroundzillions of dollars sister she’s right back down the Roman money but Crassus is ridiculously wealthy okay absolutely no moral fibers this guy at all but he’s crazy Rich right so he back Caesar because remember even through all these guys had a lot of money Caesar has a lot of troops that are loyal to him and one of the reasons the loyal to him is because he shared a lot of his profits with those troopsy all of his forces are still loyal to him but again because he took care of them so money is a good thing for these guys right they need an infusion of cash okay by the way poppy gained his Fame fighting in the East okay so in Greece and in turkey and in any places like Egypt okay where is Syria Egypt all that 11 all that kind of stuff right where is Caesar is making his reputation originally was in Cappadocia but then with Spain he is now developing one Allegiance in Spain right okay so pop is a famous General all three need each other right so you’ve got the fame from Poppy the ambition from Caesar the money from Crassus okay so let’s talk about copious Magnus for a minute here mostly normally just found it right again he is at this point Rome’s creamier military era none of you guys relied back then but like after the first Gulf War everybody used to talk about Norman schwartzkopf about what a great General he wants cuz he was the guy that that when I fought you know we we kickson but in about two days right and then schwartzkopf was like everybody’s big hero he is that guy he is considered to be he’s a George Washington if you will kind of figure right he’s the guy that has one and one and one and no one’s ever defeated Tommy right no he fought for Sola back in the Civil War days so he was not friends with Marius and and the Julie I Clan or any of that kind of stuff but now they formed this Alliance okay he has been elected console three times so even through he’s not really big into this like political wheeling and dealing and stuff he’s so popular three times he’s run for console remember most people were console once then they kind of go into retirement right he is run three times okay he was given that title Magnus or the great because of what he did during his military campaigns and also he said there’s one one specific instance that a lot of people site on this is when he got the title of Magnus Rome was was being a lot of their shipping was being attacked by pirates in the Mediterranean and so they turned to Poppy and they said hey we want you to raise a fleet and we want you to go get rid of all the Pirates so Papi says I’m on it he raises a flea he puts out to see Rome expect him to take about a year to to clean the Mediterranean of the Pirates poppy does it in a month comes back a month later and says yep Pirates are all dead we’re good to go no more problems with shipping so this is why they give him the title The Great right cuz this guy just wins and wins and wins nobody beats poppy about all right that Caesar for his part when he becomes consul Caesar runs to be console remember his reputation is being very very popular among the troops right and Caesar is really good at workload Caesar’s really good at working the crowd right Caesar’s really good at claiming that he stands for the little guy oh by the way when you hear a politician say that they stand for the little guy what does that tell you about that politician tells you absolutely nothing because every politician says they stand for the little guy who did come out of Harris say she was going to take care of middle class the middle class who did Barack Obama say he was going to take care of the middle class who did Joe Biden say he was going to take Clara Miller right everybody says they stand for the little guy okay when you hear politicians talk about that it’s like just ignore it right look at their policies don’t look at what they sayreally has nothing to do with what they’re actually going to do you got to look at what they do right so if you look at this last election that we just had right when Trump was the president other than covid on the eve of covid America was humming along everything was great the military was super strong we were energy independent the academy was booming everything was going great in America businesses were coming up everybody was getting richer right then covid hit obviously right Biden takes over things haven’t been going so well right there were literally no new Wars when Trump was was President the year before his time before covid there were no Wars that started when Trump was President okay under Biden we’ve got Ukraine we’ve got the troubles in the Middle East etc etc right so Trump is going to come back and he’s claim he’s going to take care of the middle class you can look at his policies and and that’s really why I think you lost the why you won the election and Harris lost because Harris was only VP but she was held accountable for what happened during the Biden Harris Administration right and things work really good for the last 4 years right so that’s in my opinion that’s why Trump won the election okay anyway Cesar same thing says he stands for Luke so one of the things he pushes really strong is this thing called The Agrarian law okay where’s agrarian mean Sam wasn’t wearing me having it with Farmers right Farmers agrarian means means agricultural right same root word so it’s the it’s the law for the farmers what Caesar basically says go back to the crack Guy Brothers public lands we’re going to give them to the poor okay a majority of those public lands we’re going to make sure that all of copies veterans get public land okay so remember we had talked about how sometimes a general would do this land that he captured he would then give to his retiring veterans there’s a lot more veterans now and there’s not enough public there’s not enough plan to go around right so Caesar starts sectioning off big parts of Rome and saying hey we want to give this to Poppy’s veterans right cuz he’s trying now to undermine poppy to get them to be more loyal to him than they were to Poppy right the whole idea is he’s trying to enhance his own popularity right because Caesar’s ambition is not just to be counsel but to be the one console that matters that nobody else can stand up to okay now remember Cato the Elder right now Carthage must be destroyed Cato the younger who is Cato the elders grandson is a senator okay sitting in the Senate during this time Cato the younger does not like the fact that Caesar is getting all this power so he stands up in the Senate and speaks against Caesar Caesar has him arrested right so this is law fair right this is when we see a political leader using the power of the government to try to squash his opposition okay Caesar has him arrested how do you think the Senate is going to react not good Caesar the Senate says says hey you can’t have that guy arrested just cuz he doesn’t agree with you and the Senate kind of erupts and there’s all these arguments and people yelling and screaming now when we looked at the moment here right we got the Temple of Saturn’s right there the roster the Rostrum is right there and that’s where people made all the speeches the curia is right here okay this is the Senate house when Caesar has Cato arrested and the Senate goes nuts and start speaking against Caesar Caesar leaves the Senate and goes out to The Forum and he starts talking to the people of Rome remember the form is always for the peopledon’t want me to do that they’re standing in my way and all I’m trying to do is to give you guys a good deal so Caesar and remember he’s a skilled speaker he gets up on the roster he starts speaking of the crowd and he whips them into a frenzy so they get very very close to staging and all out Ryan in the setting the Senators when they realize what’s going on outside and they realize that there’s these people who are probably going to attack them when they leave the Senate all of a sudden they changed their mind right so they go well hold on maybe it’s not so bad that Kayla was arrested after all Caesar let him go right he didn’t put them on a trial didn’t throw him in jail he just had him arrest and pulled off let’s let cooler heads prevail and let’s think about these proposals that Caesar has yeah they’re probably a good idea we should pass these rules when that happens the word goes out from the Senate that the word goes out from the Senate out to the people that hey Caesar’s laws are going to get past you’re going to get taken care of don’t worry about it and the people calm down so Chuck won’t up for Caesar right he just won did he do it fairly no he I mean he literally was threatening was causing the crowd to threaten violence to try to influence the Senate right and the Senate crumbles and says okay okay we’ll go along with Caesar cuz we don’t want to get personally attacked we don’t want to have these people go and radar houses and our farms and stuff like that and take it away so we’ll just give him what he wants for Caesars entire year as console he is going to be playing games like this he is going to be stirring up public anger to threaten the Senate to try to get the Senate to do what he wants them to do okay so Caesar is not a very nice guy right he is a sleazy politician right which I think is how we Define that how much time we have So we talked about our Caesar kind of uses these tactics of of leveraging the mob right to work against to work against the Senate when the Senate is getting his way remember the Roman government is designed to be a system of checks and balances to prevent one man from getting too much power Caesar’s trying to consolidate that power so he’s formed this alliance with Pompey and Crassus right he’s using these techniques in the Senate to get his laws passed and his laws the purpose of these is to make him look good right now he may in fact believe that they’re the right loss to pass as well but he’s making sure he gets credit for these things now all good things must come to an end and so Caesar’s Council ship comes to an end and this is a little bit of a challenge right the Senate now has to figure out what to do with this guy cuz he’s not going anywhere he’s still buddies with poppy and Crassus right so they still have a considerable amount of influence and Power so this is going to bring about an instance called the gallic wars right now happy for his part he he by the way is very happy in his marriage to Julia he really starting to fall in love with this young gal right he really likes her it’s a good marriage right and she is she is doing all that stuff that a young Roman wife should do she’s hosting all the parties and showing up and being a good wife to Poppy right so that’s going very well okay however Papi is starting to second guess this deal has with Caesar this first triumphant thing okay he’s starting to think man like I don’t I don’t know that I really like this guy he seems to be a little bit too power hungry for me okay so at the end of Caesar’s console shift the Senate’s trying to figure out what to do and they come up with what they think is a pretty elegant solution they make him the governor of goals now to be clear we talked about the goal and the garlic people there are garlic people are gallic people in northern France what is now Swiss or I’m sorry Northern Italy what is now Switzerland all of France all of Spain all Britannia ethnically those are all goals but for the Romans Spain is called hispania okay France is what they call Gold okay so when we talk about goal in terms of politically we’re talking about France now the Romans have got a solid presence in southern goal can’t area they call normanensis right in southern goal but not in Northern Gulf okay that’s still kind of a wild land so they put Caesar out there and they go yeah I go you know you’re going to be the governor of golf governorships are a great deal right you make a lot of money you’re out there representing the Romans you’re running you’re helping to run that little portion of the Roman Republic remember at this point it’s still a republic but it’s acting like an Empire right so you need good people out there Caesar’s a strong leader he’ll do good stuff Caesar is there for 7 years and what he does is he systematically defeats every single gallic tribe in combat he brings them all to heal when Caesar gets there there are three million gallic people in golf when Caesar leaves 7 years later there are 1 million gallic people he has killed a million of them and he is sold another million into slavery so he reduces the population by ⅔ so if you guys are the goals and I’m Caesar I kill you guys I sell you guys into slavery and you guys are now all knuckled under and serving me right in the meantime he’s making lots of money he is sharing that wealth with his Legions he raises there’s two Legions when he gets there he raises two more so he’s got four Legions in goal where is it let me hear somewhere 20,000 fighting men right in golfnot only is it 20,000 fighting men but there’s all the mules and all the oxes and the tents and the Scorpions and the balliste and the onigers and the engineers and the scribes and the slaves all these people double that amount so another $20,000 at least are all now working for Caesar because when you’re there again when you’re the when you’re the governor of a province those four those four legates of those Legions all work for Caesar he’s in overall,nd right yes sir so what about the the legion that would other Legions loyal to him all the way in other places like Spain right but generally speaking okay but they’re fighting for 7 years okay now while he’s doing this Caesar’s really smart and you realizes that if he is fighting in golf where isn’t he in Rome is chugging along second period so the political life of Rome is chugging along and nobody he’s not in the public eye so he writes a book called The gallic Wars dibello gallaghetti right and he sends this book back to Rome chapter by chapter to let them know what he’s about and it turns into the first modern TV series right everybody hears he has his friends reproduced this book and hand that out to people by chapter by chapter he has people read it in the Forum and people gather around to hear the latest exploits Caesar knew all of his centurions personally by name 60 of them for Legion 240 many knew their names individually he would write about them in these chapters let me tell you the story about this this century and what he did at this battle with that Centurion and what he did at that battle and the people of Rome are eating this up they’re loving it right following the exploits of Caesar he also sends forces into both Germania but we now call Germany and into Britannia right in Germania there’s these German tribes that keep rating across the Rhine River so Caesar goes oh you guys think you can hide behind the Rhine River he has one of his Legions build a bridge across the Rhine River he crosses destroys a bunch of towns kills a bunch of people takes a bunch of prisoners sell them into slavery and then he comes back across the same bridge and as he comes back he disassembles the bridge just to prove to them you’re not beyond my reach and he writes about in his book and sends it back to Rome the Romans are eating it up he invades Britain twice the first time doesn’t go that well the britons think oh we didn’t let Caesar get ashore right he goes home spends the winner builds more boats trains his guys and the next summer he comes back and he trashes Southern Brit and then he leaves it again because I don’t need to be there I just want you guys to realize if I want to I can’t yes sir I read somewhere that the bridge that sees the bill across the Rhine took like 10 days to build and the ranch huge at this point it’s probably 300 M 200 M across and he builds a bridge crosses a legion they trash the countryside comes back and then disassembles it as he goes right just to prove he can and again he’s writing about it the whole time right So eventually eventually eventually a guy named person getrex who is a gallic leader gathers up the remaining fighters in golf and he concentrates at a town called Alicia and Caesar goes into the siege mode around Alicia so he’s got his army set up all around this town that is located on a on a so high ground and it’s got a wall around it it’s like a fortified City Henry you still taking notesand Caesar sets up a Siege all the way around it okay now see just take a long time and cost a lot of money right because they don’t happen super fast you’re trying to starve the people out okay in the meantime you’re constantly putting pressure through a tax other goals in the countryside here about this and they think Caesar’s vulnerable cuz he’s in The Siege mode surrounding the city so they gather forces and they attack Caesar so what does Caesar do he builds a wall around the walltalk about what else happens at Alicia tomorrow Stop and force him to kneel in the dirt in front of Caesar they present one of the legionary Eagles and they make him kiss The Eagle right to show his submission to Rome he’s then clapped in irons and taken as a prisoner he’s not sold into slavery instead he is thrown in a dungeon and kept there for about a year and about a year after this happens Caesar is returns to Rome for what’s called a triumph which is the award that you give to a a Roman general but it’s a big parade kind of thing and they bring in they’ve got like slaves that you took in battle and booty that was captured in towns that you sacked and like things are distributed to the crowd right and the corner salarius or blowing their horns and become marching in the General rides in on a chariot you know we’re on purple robes because purple is the color of royalty and there’s a slave that stands behind him holding a crown over his head he’s Whispering into his ear remember that your mortal remember that you were mortal right because he’s because they’re treating him like he’s like a god right and at the end of this big parade that the the ultimate moment of this parade they bring out verse and gatorex and then they publicly execute it in front of all of them right they strangle them bus ends the gallic culture at this point there’s no such thing as Galls anymore okay their culture disappears I remember at the beginning of the year I talked about Marbles and slime right it’s not my culture doesn’t really disappear it just becomes a hybrid culture with Rome okay so like my my mom’s family is from Gall right from France okay my ancestry if I trace it back is galic okay but it’s not the gallic culture at this point becomes Romano gallic it isn’t gallic anymore it’s more heavily influenced by Rome so it becomes a hydroculture but the galic culture effectively disappears at this point okay except maybe a British up there right all right so Caesar because of these gallic wars has become incredibly rich and Incredibly popular he’s made tons of money he sold tons of slaves he is shared a lot of this money with his troops and a lot of his slaves and the war booty the things that they captured about so you shared a lot of that stuff so his troops are very loyal to them they love the guy nothing succeeds like success right so they’re very very loyal to them he’s incredibly popular remember Poppy and Crassus thought that by sending him off the goal it would get him out of the public eye but that isn’t what happens at all right because Caesar writes his book because he sends these dispatches back while Poppy and Crassus have been dealing with you know political stuff in Rome and they’ve just been part of the landscape Caesar’s been this this national hero because of this PR campaign he’s conducted with his book right he’s gotten Rich he’s gotten powerful and more importantly he is popular with the people okay in the meantime Bobby and grasses have been going to endless meetings at the Senate and and you know cutting ribbons and Mall openings and going to dog shows and doing all the stuff the politicians do on a daily basis as part of their duties thank you Sam anyway so Cesar is star is not only on the rise it was on the rise before now it’s accelerating and and Poppy and Crassus their stars are kind of And Cleopatra we talk about this actually like telling me little kid Cleopatra young lady they’re actually married even through their brother and sister probably not as gross as it sounds cuz he’s too young right but and they rolled her up in the carpet and snuck her into the city right so so Caesar ends up having an affair with Cleopatra now what you understand is this in like flashing the pan thing like Caesar’s kind of stuck there in the city kind of over the winter right because he doesn’t really have a lot of forces maybe a cohort at best right and and tell me has got armies and stuff down there right and Cleopatra’s got some supporters but they’re out in the desert so Caesar’s got to try to I mean he’s he’s kind of surrounded right in the city so they kind of hang out there he’s in a strong position but he’s got to hang out there until we can get more forces down into Egypt which takes a little bit of time cuz he’s been in the pursuit mode up till that right so he’s got to wait so while this is going on he has this affair with Cleopatra and Cleopatra ends up giving birth to a son right she names the son cesarean which means from Caesar the idea being Cleopatra’s no dummy she’s thinking hey my son like the writings on the wall Caesar going to take over Rome my son’s going to be the next in line right cuz Caesar doesn’t have any male children okay the problem with that of course is that Cleopatra is not a Roman citizen so her son is not a Roman citizen right because Egypt enjoyed this this status as a client State not as part of the Roman Republic right so we’ll see how that plays out in a couple years all right so just set it for their part freaks out okay so what I want you to consider is so what’s been going on in America since the election a couple weeks ago anybody know I think Caesar is the devil when he’s going to come back and he’s going to do terrible things right some of them think with good reason maybe he’s going to do prescriptions like Sala right so they’re worried they’re scared of Caesar right they’re scared of it okay so what they do is they immediately when they find out that he’s beaten Poppy the greatest General that roams ever had in its history they appoint him dictator you’re the man you’re in charge you got it right you got anything you want Cesar we’re with you we’re your buddies right so now Caesar has total control for a year right for a year okay we talked about how seizure pursue’s puppy once he gets to Egypt puppy’s dead but there’s still some Pompeii and forces that are out there so she’s just going to kind of clean things up so being the dictator’s nice cuz then after that they’re in Rome he can just send messages back and then they have to do whatever he says right okay 47 BC Caesar gets enough forces and EG in Egypt he completely destroys all of ptolemy’s armies in Egypt okay so people that are loyal to Cleopatra they are now in charge of Egypt okay Tommy forces including Ptolemy including ptolemy’s advisors they’re gone right and Kill Them All he then says you know what there’s still some folks in the Middle East that were loyal to Poppy so I’m going to go chase those guys down so he goes and chases those guys down now again people who are willing to surrender and say we were wrong we want to come back and be part of Rome he Embraces them but if you want to fight him he just kills them 46 BC he goes back to North Africa okay because there’s still some more Pompeii forces left in North Africa and we’re not talking Egypt we’re talking further west Algeria Tunisia that area right one of the guys he runs into is the guy named labianus and Mommy anus actually defeats him in battery now okay now love me anus was a Cavalry,nder at farsalis remember there was a big cavalry charge when it looked like Bobby was going to win Lobby anus was in charge that the interesting thing is Lobby anus was one of Caesar’s Loyals up in golf who win Caesar came back from Gall decided that he thought Caesar was in the wrong so he switched sides and went and fought for poppy okay still brilliant General okay but he but he’s on a losing side in pharsalis and then Caesar goes and confronts him in North Africa and he actually defeats Caesar in North Africa that doesn’t wipe him out or anything but he wins the day right so Caesar isn’t always victorious in these battles but it doesn’t really slow him down now eventually the last remnants of the pompeian forces are,nded by Cato remember Cato the younger right the guy that had seen the Caesar had arrested because he spoke out against Caesar his grandfather was the carthago Delinda s guy right Cato the younger is in,nd of The Last Enemy force that Caesar runs into Caesar recovers from the defeat with labianus a tax Cato’s forces at a place called fabsis defeats Cato and Cato As opposed to throwing himself on Caesar’s Mercy as people like Cicero and Brutus have done already he just goes ahead and commits suicide okay now go back to the rape of Lucretia all that kind of stuff suicide was considered a noble thing to do back then right so as opposed to as opposed to throwing himself you know apologizing and going to work on Caesar he just kills himself all right thus ends unit 3 because from that we’re going to pick up the story of Caesar and unit 4 but things are going to happen rapidly and we’re going to see the end of the Roman Republic remember Caesar’s not an emperor he’s just a dictator right he’s just been giving that title take care okay at this point in time seizure doesn’t know yet he’s got two years to live.