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# History Test Notes ## Women's Suffrage * **19th Amendment (1920):** Women gained the right to vote (voting is a state issue). * **Women's Era (1890-1920):** Women saw greater economic and political opportunities during this time. They were aided by legal changes allowing them to own property, c...

# History Test Notes ## Women's Suffrage * **19th Amendment (1920):** Women gained the right to vote (voting is a state issue). * **Women's Era (1890-1920):** Women saw greater economic and political opportunities during this time. They were aided by legal changes allowing them to own property, control their wages, and make contracts. * **Employment:** Most women in the early 20th century worked in the textile industry. * **Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):** Founded in 1874, it campaigned for women's suffrage and temperance. * **Mass Consumer Society (1890s):** The rise of new products such as washing machines targeted women in the household. African American and immigrant women mostly did low-paying factory labor or were in agricultural and domestic service roles. * **Birth Control:** The birth control debate brought women to the forefront of the free speech debate and made significant public health changes. * **Suffragist Leaders:** * Margaret Sanger: Opened a clinic in Brooklyn distributing birth control pills to poor immigrant women. * Jane Addams: Started the Hull House in Chicago in 1889. * **Suffrage Movement:** Initially fragmented and upper-class suffragists often ignored Black and immigrant activists. * **National Women's Party:** Led by Alice Paul, employed aggressive tactics such as chaining themselves to the White House and going on hunger strikes. * **Opposed the ERA:** Some women's groups such as the League of Women Voters and the Women's Trade Union opposed the Equal Rights Amendment to the US Constitution. * **Carrie Nation:** A temperance activist known for smashing bars. ## Prohibition * **18th Amendment (1919):** Banned the sale of alcohol in the U.S. * **Economic Impacts:** Prohibition negatively affected businesses in the entertainment industry, restaurants, and theaters, and revenue from liquor taxes substantially decreased. * **Prohibition's Effects:** * Businesses such as breweries and soda companies did not profit as expected. * Trucking and barrel-making industries suffered. * Income tax became more prevalent. * Career paths like those of priests and pharmacists became less impacted * Government poisoned industrial alcohol with methanol to discourage its use. * More people produced alcohol at home illegally during this period, leading to increased disregard of the law. * Increased crime and plea bargains increased due to widespread illegal alcohol production and sales. * Unsafe drinking practices became widespread due to increased illegal alcohol consumption. **Women's Suffrage and Prohibition:** These two issues were closely linked. Groups such as the WCTU advocating women's suffrage also advocated for prohibition.