Hank Midterm Reviews PDF

Unit 1: Geographic Concepts and Population Cartogram: A map that distorts the area based on a variable. Relative Location: The position of a place in relation to others. Absolute Location: The exact position of a place using coordinates. Equator: An imaginary line dividing the Earth...

Unit 1: Geographic Concepts and Population Cartogram: A map that distorts the area based on a variable. Relative Location: The position of a place in relation to others. Absolute Location: The exact position of a place using coordinates. Equator: An imaginary line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Isoline: A line on a map connecting points of equal value. Choropleth: A map using colors or patterns to represent data. S-Curve/J-Curve: Graphical representations of growth patterns over time. Rate of Natural Increase: The difference between birth and death rates. Voluntary Migration: Movement based on personal choice. Forced Migration: Involuntary movement due to external pressures. Step Migration: Moving in stages to a new location. Chain Migration: When migrants follow others from their community. Push Factor: Negative conditions that drive people away. Pull Factor: Positive conditions that attract people. Population Pyramid: A graphical representation of a population's age and sex distribution. Arithmetic Density: The total population divided by total land area. Physiological Density: The number of people per unit area of arable land. Unit 2: Cultural Geography Fundamentalism: Strict adherence to specific religious doctrines. Syncretic Religion: A religion that combines elements from different belief systems. Polytheism: The belief in multiple deities. Animism: The belief that objects and nature have spiritual significance. Cultural Convergence: The process where cultures become more alike. Cultural Divergence: The process where cultures become more distinct. Cultural Landscape: The human imprint on the environment. Taboo: A prohibition against certain practices. Material Trait: Physical objects defining a culture. Non-material Trait: Intangible aspects of culture, such as beliefs. Literary Tradition: The body of written works expressing a culture's values. Unit 3: Political Geography and Nations Colonialism: The practice of acquiring control over another country. Imperialism: The policy of extending a country's power through force or diplomacy. Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself. Nation-State: A political entity defined by a shared identity and territory. Multinational State: A state containing multiple nations. Multi-state Nation: A nation that spans multiple states. Stateless Nation: A cultural group without an independent state. Autonomous Region: An area with a degree of self-governance. Nationalism: A political ideology emphasizing national identity. Centrifugal Force: Forces that divide a state or society. Centripetal Force: Forces that unify a state or society. Ethnic Cleansing: The removal of a cultural group from a territory. Genocide: The systematic extermination of a group. Unit 4: Models, Theories, and Migration Demographic Transition Model: A model describing population change over time. Epidemiological Transition Model: A model explaining changes in health and disease patterns. Glocalization: The adaptation of global products to local cultures. Intervening Opportunity: A reason for migrants to stop before reaching their destination. Intervening Obstacle: Barriers that hinder migration. Hearth: The origin point of a cultural trait. Assimilation: The process by which a minority adopts the customs of a dominant culture. Indigenous People: Original inhabitants of a region. Popular Culture: Cultural patterns that are widely embraced. Caste System: A hierarchical social structure based on heredity. Pronatal Policies: Policies encouraging higher birth rates. Anti-natal Policies: Policies discouraging higher birth rates.