Political Globalization Handout PDF

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION INSTRUCTOR: MS. MINAMI O. IWAYAMA, MA CONTEMPORARY WORLD  POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION “Refers to the intensification and expansion of political INTERRELATIONSHIPS across the globe“ - Manfred B. Steger Refers to t...

POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION INSTRUCTOR: MS. MINAMI O. IWAYAMA, MA CONTEMPORARY WORLD  POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION “Refers to the intensification and expansion of political INTERRELATIONSHIPS across the globe“ - Manfred B. Steger Refers to the growth of the worldwide political system (the process for making official government decisions), both in size and complexity includes the different KEY PLAYERS OF Political Globalization States Institutions of Global Governance International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Social Movement Organizations  KEY PLAYERS States – Philippines – Japan – United States of America ELEMENTS OF A STATE: PEOPLE - The population living in a state TERRITORY - Includes the land, the rivers, the sea, the air space which the jurisdiction of the state extends GOVERNMENT - The agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out SOVEREIGNTY - The power to command and enforce obedience free from foreign control  KEY PLAYERS Institutions of Global Governance – World Bank – International Monetary Fund (IMF) – World Trade Organization (WTO) GLOBAL GOVERNANCE - Governance that encompasses the totality of institutions, policies, norms procedure and initiatives through which States and their citizens bring more predictability, stability and order to their responses to transnational challenges.  KEY PLAYERS International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) – International Red Cross – GreenPeace – World Wildlife Fund NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION - Organizations independent from the government INTERNATIONAL NGO - Same mission as an NGO, but has outposts around the world to deal with specific issues in many countries.  KEY PLAYERS Social Movement Organizations – Vegan movement – Gay rights movement – Feminist movement SOCIAL MOVEMENT ORGANIZATIONS - A specific social movement that is usually composed of many social movement organizations – formal organizations that share movement’s goals Again, POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION refers to the INTENSIFICATION and EXPANSION of political INTERRELATIONSHIPS across the globe Hence, the creation and existence of the United Nations has been called one of the classic examples of political globalization.  UNITED NATIONS The international body composed of the FAMILY OF NATIONS QUALIFICATION OF MEMBERSHIP MUST BE A STATE MUST BE PEACE-LOVING MUST ACCEPT THE OBLIGATIONS AS A MEMBER IN THE JUDGMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION, BE ABLE AND WILLING TO CARRY OUT SUCH OBLIGATION Currently, it has 193 MEMBER STATES Through its organs, offices, agencies, programs, and subsidiary agencies, it influences politics and policy-making globally. PURPOSE OF THEUNITED NATIONS 1. To maintain international peace and security 2. To develop friendly relations among nations 3. To achieve international cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems 4. To promote respect for human rights 5. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations towards those common goals PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE SECRETARIAT PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY SECURITY COUNCIL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE  PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY - This is the central organ of the UN, the principal deliberative body of the organization - Deliberates on issues such as membership and budget - All member-States are part of the General Assembly (GA)  PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL GENERAL ASSEMBLY - An organ of the UN primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. - Composed of 15 states: - 5 of which are permanent, namely: France, USA, China, Russian Federation, and the United Kingdom - 10 countries (2 year term)are selected by the GA These countries were all allies in World War II, which turned out victorious. They are also all nuclear weapons states  SECURITY COUNCIL PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL - An organ of the UN primarily responsible for the deliberation of economic and social issues - Composed of 54 states with a 3 year term PRINCIPAL ORGANS OF THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE - An judicial organ of the UN primarily responsible for the promotion of justice - Only States can bring cases before this court - Aside from settling disputes submitted by states, ICJ also gives advisory opinions on legal issues  INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE  INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE  International Criminal Court (ICC) On March 17, 2019, the The International Criminal Court Philippines officially withdrew (ICC) was created on 1 July 2002. from the International Criminal Court, after the Supreme Court It investigates and punishes people declined to overrule President for genocide, crimes against Rodrigo Duterte’s decision to leave the world’s only permanent war humanity, and war crimes. crimes tribunal. ICC investigate three kinds of crime: Crimes that were committed in member-countries Crimes that were committed by people from member-countries Crimes that the United Nations Security Council wants the ICC to investigate  NOTE: ICJ IS DIFFERENT FROM ICC - ICJ settles arguments between countries. - ICC punishes people. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS UNDER POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION  “GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP” The idea thatall people have rights and civic responsibilities that come with being a member of the world, with whole-world philosophy and sensibilities, rather than as a citizen of a particular nation or place. The idea is that one’s identity transcends geography or political borders and that responsibilities or rights are derived from membership in a broader class: "humanity". This does not mean that such a person denounces or waives their nationality or other, more local identities, but such identities are given "second place" to their membership in a global community  “GLOBAL CIVICS” Proposes to understand civics (the way people behave which affects others) in a global sense as a social contract among all world citizens in an age of interdependence and interaction. The notion that we have certain rights and responsibilities towards each other by the mere fact of being human on Earth. According to this notion, in an increasingly interdependent world, world citizens need a compass that would frame mindsets on a global scale, and create a shared consciousness and sense of global responsibility related to specific world issues (such as issues related to the environment and use of weapons for mass destruction). “One Earth” campaign is an example of global civics in action. Instead of exhausting a given country’s natural resources, its citizens should consider the detrimental effects of their actions on other human beings.  “TRANSNATIONALISM” Refers to the diffusion and extension of social, political, economic processes in between and beyond the sovereign jurisdictional boundaries of nation-states. Focuses not only on state-actors, but also on non-state actors such as International NGOs, Institutions of Global Governance, and Social Movement Organizations. The shifting of focus from individual states to a global system (integration of the state and non-state actors in the global arena).  “TRANSNATIONAL CITIZENSHIP” Redefines traditional notions of citizenship and replaces an individual's singular national loyalties with the ability to belong to multiple nation states, as made visible in the political, cultural, social and economic realms. Unlike national citizenship, where individuals interact in such capacities with one sovereign state, transnational citizenship transcends pre-established territorial boundaries in order to create a modern meaning of "belonging" in an increasingly globalized society An individual would have the opportunity to be civically engaged in multiple societies when the concept of a “transnational citizenship” is applied. Minneapolis PD website goes down Anonymous Ph attacked the Twitter after Anonymous ‘returns’ account of PLDT's customer service, PLDT (related to George Floyd’s killing) Cares, and changed the page's name to "PLDT Doesn't Care." Anonymous is a decentralized international activist/hacktivist collective/movement that is widely known for its various cyber attacks against several governments, government institutions and government agencies, corporations, and the Church of Scientology. Anonymous originated in 2003 on 4chan. Anonymous members (known as Anons) can be distinguished in public by the wearing of Guy Fawkes masks.  “Milk Tea Alliance” A pact formed between netizens from Hong Kong, Taiwan and Thailand in order to peg back Beijing's bullies on the platform. SAUCE (in case you want to read more): https://globalvoices.org/2020/05/04/netizens- from-hong-kong-taiwan-thailand-brew-milk-tea-alliance-against-chinese-speech-police/ Protest in Hong Kong Taiwan protest supporting Hong Kong Protest in the Philippines supporting Hong Kong  DEBATE: Political Globalization -VS- Nation State Whether or not political globalization signifies the decline of the nation-state. Clashing Perspectives: Hyper globalists: Globalization has engulfed today's world in such a way that state boundaries are beginning to lose significance. Skeptics: Nation-state remains the supreme actor in international relations. END.