Group 8 Open Government Data PDF

“OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA” Prepared by Sulit, Jenny A. Tambis, Jed C. Testigo, Nicole Thea M. Tiboc, Katrina Cassandra T. Villanueva, Ceithlyne M. Vitales, Jerwin B. Woods, Kyle Bjorn A. A Written Report Presented to Prof. Philip SJ. Soberano Faculty Group 8 BPA FA 2-1 September 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction Background of the Study……………………………………………………………...……..…2 Course Objective……………………………………………………...…………….……..……3 Discussion Scope………………..………………...…………..…………………………...…..3 Chapter 2: Discussion I. Open Government Data…..……………………………………….………….…….....4 II. Role of ICT in OGD by providing various approaches…………….,….…………....6 III. Importance of ODG in promoting various approaches……………….……..……..10 IV. Proper data management and its importance to the public…………………..…...11 V. Role of ICT in PubAd, and how digital platforms streamline processes………...13 VI. Relation of Data management and good governance…………..…………………16 VII. Challenges faced by citizens using OGD………………..………………....…….…17 VIII. How should OGD be properly presented………………………….…………..……18 IX. International standard that promotes effective data management……................20 X. The pivotal government management in the success of OGD……………………21 XI. Recommendations for improving OGD here in the Philippines……...……….…..21 Chapter 3: Assessment and Quiz I. Icebreaker: Dukutin MO!..............................................................................................23 II. Quiz…………………………………………………………………………………...….…..23 Chapter 4: Appendices A. Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………………………..…..27 B. Group Evaluation…………………………………………………………………...………34 C. Definition of Terms………………………………………………………………………….35 D. References ……………………………………………………………………………..…..37 E. Rubrics ……………………………………………………………………………..…….....46 1 CHAPTER 1: Introduction I. Background of the Study In the current state of our country, citizens are demanding greater transparency and accountability from the government. Although the government has come up with ways to address these concerns, issues of confidentiality and transparency remain contentious for many. Open government data is one of the most important initiatives in a contemporary world where technology is at its peak. Since the internet is accessible the government finds ways to use it. Open data, specifically Open government data, is connected to the public sector's growing interest in providing data available to citizens and government agencies through the use of the internet. This data can be used and reused for the development of social and economic innovation. Recent studies have provided evidence to support this claim. For instance, a commentary in 2023 pointed out that what is urgently needed are data studies on how OGD policies conceptualize the problems they aim to solve, both practically and politically in terms of openness (van Maanen, 2023). Similarly a 2020 U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) learned that open data availability for the public enhances government openness and private sector innovation (U.S. GAO, 2020). With open data in the Philippines, there has been much openness to opportunity for transparency as well as public participation. A 2021 report states that through the initiative; citizens can access virtually all kinds of data put on the table by the government so that citizens are better informed and responsive to the demands of society. Open Government Data guidelines provided by the United Nations helped in engaging people more toward bringing openness, thereby playing an important role in transparency and accountability within governance. As such guidelines are important for developing countries like the Philippines for the effective management of policies related to OGD, some recommendations for specific next steps would be. A systematic literature review of 169 studies in 2022 on OGD demonstrated the diverse uses and benefits of open data across different contexts. This literature review revealed that OGD is generally applicable for the overall improvements in governance and innovation, where areas could be improved due to the creation of innovation. The Open Government Data bridges the gap between citizens and government, promotes openness, and boosts public trust. The government will increase civic engagement by allowing public participation in the decision-making process and, hence, 2 openness to information. It can truly provide the greatest maximization of social and economic innovation by putting the power of its people in their hands for holding their leaders responsible under these two pillars of trust and transparency. To conclude the development of technology is processing fast, it is no choice to preview open government data but a requirement to understand, and make wise decisions, for the future. Course Objective In an era characterized by rapid technological advancement and increasing demands for governmental transparency, the concept of Open Government Data (OGD) has emerged as a fundamental component of effective public administration. This course aims to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of OGD, its significance, and its practical applications within the realm of public governance. By exploring the interplay between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and OGD, the course will highlight the critical role of effective data management in fostering good governance. Participants will engage in discussions on the standards for data management, examine existing programs and activities aimed at optimizing digital data processes, and identify opportunities for enhancing the implementation of OGD initiatives in the Philippines. Ultimately, this course seeks to empower individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to contribute to a more transparent, accountable, and innovative public sector. To define the concept of Open Government Data (OGD) To understand the connection and importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and OGD in public administration. To examine the relationship between data management and good governance, and to understand the standards of effective data management. To explore opportunities for utilizing programs, activities, and streamlining processes related to digital data. To gain insights into how Open Government Data can be improved in the Philippines. II. Discussion Scope This discussion aims to explore the concept of Open Government Data (OGD) and its implications within the context of public administration in the Philippines. By providing a clear definition of OGD, this report will help to understand how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be integrated with public administration. This will also show how data management relates to good governance by identifying 3 opportunities in the streamlines programs and processes using digital data, and understand how improvements in OGD can benefit the Philippines. This report examines the strategic governance of OGD through practices involving managing data, standard policies, and an opportunity for digital data processes and programs. However, the study will remain focused on OGD relations as a solely related subject towards a thorough focus without diverging from the core subject matter. This report is set within a bounded scope to attain and clarify the context of OGD in the Philippines, detailing each objective, and the flow of the study. The limited scope of data, whereby most of the data would be public information and a geographical focus on the Philippines with international perspectives for a point of comparison. Some of the other limitations might include the time constraints and availability of resources which may be the bound for the scope of analysis. This report seeks to address how the public administration issues in the Philippines, particularly those affecting public trust, are aligned with the national goals of digital transformation and good governance. This report discussion, therefore, is not just insight-giving but also recommendation-making in order to further improve Open Government Data initiatives in the country. CHAPTER 2: DISCUSSION I. Open Government Data The advancement of technology has increased the necessity of keeping the society well informed. It is evidenced that through the "Freedom of Information Legislation," a piece of legislation passed in the mid-20th century that was made in response to the people's demands for the right to access information. Open Government Data (OGD) has evolved in three main stages to further address these demands: The first wave of OGD mainly focused on making government data more transparent and accessible. Its primary task was to break the confidentiality barriers that one has to fully access government information. In return, people would have the right to ask for and access any information the government has that pertains to them. The second wave emerged in the early 2000s when people switched over from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0. Governments used the internet as a tool to improve processes and 4 solve problems, introducing open data sets easily accessible to the public. Governments wanted to employ this data to identify issues and implement measures that would contribute to improve the quality of life of citizens. The third wave, which began in the 2010s, following the emergence of an era of immovable open data which came without a clear roadmap on how effectively it can be used. Governments began forming partnerships with private industry and civil society to non-governmental organizations, to ensure that open data is leveraged to address specific issues and satisfy the people's needs. This wave also emphasized addressing the needs of marginalized communities. (Verhulst S. G. 2021, March 17) In the definition by the European Union online article titled "What is Open Data," Open (Government) Data refers to information collected, accessible, and accurate data output of public institutions, which is made available to everyone. This concept plays a crucial role in ensuring the transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness of government programs and services. Open Government Data (OGD) allows society members to access a wide range of information, including the government’s activities and the financial part of the society. Getting informed usually leads to more engagement of the citizens. Furthermore, Open Government Data benefits business organizations by providing them valuable information to create products and services that address the real social problems. Government officials also use this data to identify and implement the best and most effective potential projects and services for their citizens. The rationale behind Open Government Data (OGD) on a global scale aligns with the constitutional principles of the Philippines, which emphasize the importance of transparency, accountability, and public access to information. As citizens of a democratic and republic nation, Filipinos understand that these values are fundamental to good governance, Section 28, Article II of the 1987 Constitution states, "the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest, subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law." The government dutiful under these provisions is supposed to disclose fully all its activities so that transparency and accuracy may prevail for the people of the nation. In addition to the aforementioned provisions, Section 7, Article III of the Constitution establishes "the right of the people to information on matters of public concern." This provision infers that citizens have the right to be informed about and receive information about the programs and actions of the government. The rights enshrined in the constitution obligate the government to 5 maintain transparency, accessibility, and accountability towards citizens. The Open Government Data initiative has proven to be instrumental in guaranteeing information to be available and accessible throughout all regions of the nation. II. Role of ICT in OGD by Providing Various Approaches A. What is ICT? Information and Communication Technology (ICT) encompasses the technologies used to manage telecommunications, broadcast media, intelligent building management systems, audio-visual processing, and enterprise software. Essentially, ICT refers to all technologies that enable the storage, retrieval, manipulation, transmission, or receipt of digital data. This broad field includes everything from basic telecommunications systems to advanced computer networks, with applications spanning personal and business use, government operations, and global communication. ICT is built upon four key components: computer networks and software, hardware, the internet, and telecommunications, each playing a crucial role in how digital data is processed and shared. B. Computer Network and Software The hardware component of ICT involves computers and other physical devices used to process and manage data, such as desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. These devices form the backbone of ICT systems, facilitating the collection and organization of vast amounts of information. Software refers to the applications or programs that run on these devices, enabling various tasks such as data analysis, design, and communication. Together, hardware and software create the necessary framework for ICT systems to function effectively, whether for business, education, or governance. C. Internet The internet serves as a global network of interconnected computers that allows users to share information and communicate. It plays a crucial role in ICT by offering access to various online resources, enabling research, and connecting users worldwide. Through the internet, governments can disseminate Open Government Data (OGD), businesses can operate globally, and individuals can engage in countless activities ranging from social interaction to academic study. The internet's role in modern society is critical, with nearly every aspect of digital communication and information exchange relying on it. D. Telecommunication 6 Telecommunications technologies enable long-distance communication through systems such as mobile phones, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and satellite communications. These technologies are central to personal, business, and governmental communications. With approximately 6.9 billion mobile phone users globally as of 2023, telecommunications are indispensable for real-time communication, whether for economic activities or government services. They are a key enabler of OGD, ensuring that information can be quickly and effectively shared with the public, enhancing transparency and accountability. E. Multimedia Multimedia integrates text, audio, images, animations, and video to enrich communication. It is widely used in education, marketing, entertainment, and government initiatives to make content more engaging and effective. The increasing dominance of video content, projected to account for 82% of all internet traffic by 2025, highlights the growing importance of multimedia in information dissemination. In the context of OGD, multimedia platforms make data more accessible and understandable for citizens, enabling them to interact with government information in a user-friendly way. F. Importance of ICT in Economic and Government ICT plays a significant role in driving economic development by creating new job opportunities, fostering entrepreneurship, and supporting innovation. For example, the digital economy is projected to contribute $23 trillion to global GDP by 2025, underscoring its transformative power. In government, ICT enhances public service delivery, improves transparency, and increases citizen engagement. Through e-governance initiatives, bureaucratic inefficiencies are reduced, and accountability is strengthened, leading to greater public trust in government institutions. ICT-driven open data policies, in particular, contribute to increased transparency and enhanced public confidence. G. Importance of Open Government Data Open Government Data (OGD) involves making government-held datasets accessible to the public. This initiative is crucial for promoting transparency, accountability, and citizen engagement. By providing access to data, governments empower citizens to better understand how public resources are managed and allow for more informed decision-making. OGD fosters trust in public institutions by enabling citizens to hold government officials accountable, thereby enhancing democratic governance. Furthermore, OGD promotes innovation by giving businesses, developers, and 7 researchers access to valuable information that can drive new products, services, and solutions. H. How ICT Facilitates the Collection and Storage of Government Data ICT facilitates the efficient collection and storage of government data through various systems and platforms. In the Philippines, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) utilizes modern data collection methods, such as online surveys and mobile apps, to gather information. Other systems like the Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) consolidate financial data from multiple government agencies, ensuring real-time tracking and improved resource management. These ICT tools streamline data processes, making it easier for agencies to collect, store, and manage data securely and effectively, ensuring its availability for public access. I. ICT Platforms for Open Government Data The Philippine Open Data Portal (data.gov.ph), launched in 2015, serves as the central repository for datasets from various government agencies. This platform promotes transparency and accountability by making data accessible to the public. It includes several innovative features, such as user-friendly interfaces for dataset search, data visualization tools that enable users to create graphs and charts, and APIs that allow developers to build applications using government data. These features collectively foster a data-driven approach to governance, promoting public engagement and enabling informed participation in decision-making. J. e-Report System The e-Report System allows citizens to report issues related to public services, corruption, and other concerns directly to government authorities. This system promotes accountability by enabling real-time feedback, ensuring that reported issues receive immediate attention from relevant government bodies. The system also includes a tracking mechanism that allows users to monitor the status of their reports, further enhancing government responsiveness. Additionally, the integration of the e-Report System with social media platforms facilitates broader public engagement and information dissemination, making it easier for citizens to communicate with the government. K. Systems for Data Collection and Storage Systems such as the Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) play a vital role in consolidating financial data from various 8 government agencies. GIFMIS centralizes financial tracking, enabling real-time monitoring of government expenditures and revenues, which promotes transparency and financial accountability. Additionally, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) collects critical demographic and socioeconomic data through censuses and surveys, which is stored in a centralized, secure database. This data is made available to the public, ensuring transparency and facilitating research, policy development, and public awareness. L. National Data Privacy Commission (NDPC) Database The National Data Privacy Commission (NDPC) is essential in protecting the personal information that the government collects from its citizens. It ensures that government agencies follow strict data privacy laws so that people feel confident their personal data is safe. By monitoring how this information is managed, the NDPC ensures that sensitive details are handled securely and responsibly. This builds trust between citizens and the government while still allowing important public information to be shared in a way that protects individual privacy. In doing so, the NDPC strikes a balance between maintaining privacy and promoting transparency in government processes. M. Tools for Data Dissemination Government data can often be overwhelming, but tools like Google Data Studio and Tableau help simplify complex information. These platforms transform raw data into interactive charts, graphs, and dashboards that are easier for the public to understand. Whether it's tracking public spending or monitoring social issues, these tools allow people to quickly grasp the information that matters to them. By making data more accessible and visually engaging, these tools help citizens stay informed about government performance and foster greater accountability and transparency. This way, people are more empowered to engage with the information and understand how it affects their lives. N. Mobile Applications Mobile apps are transforming the way people access government services and stay informed. Take the Dengue Monitoring App, for example—this app provides real-time updates on health issues, giving citizens immediate access to vital information during an outbreak. Other government apps let people submit feedback, report problems, or access public services straight from their phones, making it easier than ever to stay engaged with the government. These mobile applications ensure that important information is always within reach, allowing citizens to actively participate in public life and improve their communities through instant, direct communication with government agencies. 9 O. Social Media Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter have become important tools for the government to communicate with citizens. They allow government agencies to quickly share updates, announcements, and new data, reaching a broad audience almost instantly. More than that, social media fosters a two-way conversation where people can voice concerns, ask questions, and give feedback directly to the government. This ongoing dialogue not only makes the government more responsive but also builds a stronger connection with the public by promoting openness and transparency. Through social media, citizens are more engaged, and the government is more accountable. P. Overall Synthesis In the Philippines, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a key role in making the government more transparent and accessible. Tools like the Philippine Open Data Portal give citizens easy access to important datasets, while data visualization, mobile apps, and social media make that information more engaging and easier to interact with. By embracing these technologies, the government promotes openness and accountability, encouraging citizens to become more involved in governance. Ultimately, these ICT platforms strengthen the relationship between the public and the government, fostering trust, participation, and a sense of shared responsibility in shaping the future of the country III. Importance of OGD in Promoting Transparency, Efficiency, and Citizen Engagement Key ways to get the people’s trust — transparency, efficiency, and citizen engagement — are three essential elements that the government must strive for to earn the public's trust and credibility. The researchers Zhao et al. (2023), stated that transparency is essential for public value and enhancing accountability in government services. It builds citizens' trust in the government. Research by Kumagai and Iorio of the (World Bank Group) supports the idea that citizen engagement, which improves accountability and transparency,strengthens public trust. Open Government Data (OGD) plays a pivotal role in enhancing these elements and lays the foundation for a better, more responsive society. A. Transparency Transparency promotes trust in government institutions. Hein et al. (2023) argue that Open Government Data (OGD) is crucial for enhancing citizen engagement and transparency by giving citizens access to information about government activities and 10 spending. This open access helps reduce the misuse of public funds and foster accountability. As Safarov et al. (2017) note, one of the fundamental ideas guiding government transparency is the use of “Open Government Data (OGD)” With this access, citizens become more informed how government decisions are made and resources are allocated. They will be able to assess whether or not that the government is performing its duties well and effectively. Since citizens are the ones who will be affected by government decisions, citizens should be aware, they have the authority to hold politicians accountable for their wrong actions when there is inefficiency and not doing their duties well. B. Efficiency OGD enhances efficiency by enabling organizations and citizens to identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement in public services. When government information is available in public, different organizations and citizens can easily identify the areas for improvement to create a solution and collaborate to address issues in society that need to pay attention. The World Bank Group stated that open data empowers citizens to spot gaps in public datasets, fostering innovation and collaboration that benefits both the public and the government. By promoting data-driven advocacy, open data helps to ensure that resources are allocated more effectively and government operations are streamlined. C. Citizen Engagement Open Government Data (OGD) encourages people to get involved in how their government works. When people have access to information about their government’s activities, they are more likely to engage in community discussions, voice their concerns, and advocate for policy changes that address pressing societal issues. Access to OGD enables them to participate meaningfully in governance, promoting fair and equitable policies that can improve their communities. In the Philippines, there's an Open Government Data platform that provides access to all information from various government agencies; one of them is the budgets for education. This shows transparency as it allows citizens to see the allocated funds for each school and how public resources are managed if they are spent correctly. For example, they provide access to the budget of each school. People notice recent budget cuts to every school, especially at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), have raised concerns among students, parents, and educators. With access to OGD, citizens can review the budget allocations and identify discrepancies or areas of concern. This empowers people to speak up and get involved when they see something wrong. If citizens notice that funds aren’t being used properly, they can call out officials 11 on it. After all, it’s the taxpayers' money, and it shouldn’t be spent irresponsibly. Furthermore, OGD helps people stay informed and encourages them to engage with the government, making sure schools and educational institutions get the support they really need. IV. Proper Data Management and Its Importance to the Public A. Data Management Data management is the process of designing and establishing frameworks that determine how data must be collected, stored, protected, analyzed, processed, used, and disposed within an organization. It is paramount to have such policies and procedures in place when dealing with complicated and large quantities of data. It means that when data is being considered as an important company asset, it must be utilized in a proper way. In the Philippines, there's a platform called Open Data Philippines (ODPH) Portal is an online repository of open data resources and datasets from government agencies. This portal is part of the government’s effort to be more open and transparent. It’s based on the idea that Filipinos have the right to access information about what the government is doing. The ODPH Portal is also a commitment to the Open Government Partnership, which is an international initiative that aims to make governments more open, accountable, and responsive to citizens. B. Process and Procedure of Data Management Data Collection This step entails information collection from different sources. Structured data originates from databases, tables, and any other organized system. The unstructured data refers to the data in the form of emails, social media posts, videos or in any other format which can’t be easily stored in a database. Appropriate data collection ensures that the data to be used is not only useful but also credible and reliable. Data Processing Information has to be first captured and then analyzed so that it can be put to productive use. This means that the data has to be scrubbed to get rid of errors, duplications, and unconfirmed records. Data processing can also involve converting data from one form or structure to another so that it could be compatible for use by other systems and programs. 12 Data Storage Data especially on the cloud needs to be stored securely and at the same time be easily retrievable. This can include techniques that employ the likes of databases, data warehouses, as well as cloud storage. Availability of data storage depends on the size of data to be stored, the necessary speed and the level of security needed. Data are kept safe to avoid situations where they are lost or accessed by unauthorized persons. Data Integration This step requires the integration of data coming from various sources in to give an overall view. This is a very crucial process of uniting data to ensure consistency and reliability within an organization. It enables a holistic analysis since diverse data sets can be integrated into it. Data Governance Policies and procedures must be set up for data quality, security, and compliance. Data governance entails defining responsibilities and accountability, establishing best practices, and adhering to regulations like GDPR or HIPAA. Good governance plays an important role in ensuring that the data collected, processed and stored is accurate and reliable. Data Analysis One ought to properly manage data by processing it and coming up with further useful information. This can include methods such as statistical analysis, data mining, and data visualization. The information decides the strategy and outlines directions, trends, and patterns for organizations. Data Archiving and Deletion Another process within the framework of managing the lifecycle of data is archiving that preserves old data which is not active, though could be required in the future for reference or legal reasons. Erasing files that are no longer useful facilitates the freeing of space which can be useful most of the time and safeguards individual’s information from ending up in the wrong hands. V. Role of ICT in Public Administration and How Digital Platforms Streamline Processes A. Open Government Data Philippines One of the most well-known Open Data Platforms in the Philippines is the Open Data Philippines (ODPh) which can be found in GOV.PH is the national government 13 portal. According to the ODPh's official website, they claim to be the gateway to information on matters of public concern for Filipino citizens. The ODPh collects "open" datasets from official Philippine government agencies and publishes them on a single platform. This gives citizens access to some of the data that many governments are producing. The ODPh serves as an intermediary between the Government and the Public on governmental data matters. Its primary goal is the facilitation of better access, search, and easier-to-understand government data. To explain what their goal is, one after the other as ODPh states, anybody with internet access can view, download, use, and share the data. There are tags too that can be seen in one convenient portal compiling open datasets. Datasets are classified by agency and sector. For better understanding, ODPh provides minimum data visualization attributes along with metadata information about the dataset given which helps in easy understanding of the data. The open data that would be available on the portal relates to data by various governmental agencies from the outputs of their operations, projects, and the performance of various employees under them. ODPh does not present status updates, lists, and other static data. The ODPh follows a standardized process for updating, validation, and being in standards compliance. Data is at times updated by the respective agencies in charge of it. Information from such agencies would depend on the accuracy, relevance, and timeliness of the information they would produce. Any published dataset would undergo a validation test to ensure its compliance with open data standards, which include the ability of machines to properly read it under license along with metadata about its context, quality, and structure. However, ODPh plays an extremely crucial role in the success of the OGD initiative because data proper management is ensured. Accuracy, timeliness, and access to data guarantee that ODPh maximizes transparency and accountability, hence trust where citizens can entrust the government and vice versa. This now gives continuous citizen participation and informed decision-making. To stakeholders such as policymakers and researchers generally, the availability of credible data aids evidence-based decision-making and can foster innovation. Another case example is the use of ODPh data during COVID-19 wherein infection rate data, vaccination progress, and resource reallocation data came through government agencies in real-time. This data would be consequential because it would inform public health officials and keep the public abreast of what is going on with the status of the pandemic. These gave ease of access and openness over the data, making the handling of the crisis easy to conduct and proved worth opening data during critical times. 14 This includes the Open Data Philippines program, which demonstrates how managed structured data and openness can go a long way in supporting OGD initiatives. A centralized portal through which ODPh gives access to government data affords easy access and understanding while at the same time strengthening the relationship between the government and its constituents. B. OpenSTAT Based on the PSA official website, it is the country's primary statistical arm. This statistical agency performs all national censuses and surveys, sectoral statistics, consolidates selected administrative recording systems and compiles national accounts. PC-Axis: These are tools developed from the idea of software dissemination for statistical data. It includes a selection of data, computation of totals, and graph production. The benefit to national statistical offices for this software is that it can accommodate multi-dimensional data as well as give many forms of visualization methods. OpenSTAT Functions: OpenSTAT is a one-stop platform from where the PSA posts its statistical data. The portal has categorized data into three main domains: Demographic and Social Statistics, Economic Statistics, and Environment and Multi-domain Statistics. This will help the users in easy access to the most required data. OpenSTAT is an open data portal that uses easy-to-use software called PC-Axis, which is designed to bring out statistical tables made up of a number of visualization features. Using the PC-Axis, users can play easily with the data thus making the data accessible and understandable to a wide population. The system also allows the PSA to share the data under an open-data license, meaning that the freedom to use, reuse, and share the data applies to anyone, but the source is credited. OpenSTAT is to make data compiled by the PSA available to various stakeholders and clients. It must therefore align with open data initiatives and respond to efforts directed towards achieving sustainable development goals, inclusive and sustainable resilience, and sustainable development. OpenSTAT promotes national data-sharing policies and standards on access. It encourages innovation through open application interfaces and works towards the expansion and development of using data in decision-making, citizen engagement, innovation, and furthering entrepreneurship. It includes enhancing capacity building and innovation at the national and regional levels to generate, share, and exploit data. 15 C. OpenSTAT’s Strategic Role OpenSTAT plays strategic roles in government and society as a whole. In so doing, it provides open access to statistical data which supports openness to achieving openness into transparency and accountability as a greater contributor towards trust towards the government from the citizens. It means this opened-up data initiative serves to promote evidence-based policymaking for decisions being made by government agencies that will be able to benefit the public. This also boosts citizen participation and innovation since the data are easy to access, analyze and subsequently apply. A good example of how OpenSTAT contributes to monitoring and achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the way it follows and provides information on data that will eventually lead to the achievement of such goals by making them inclusive and sustainable. Open STAT is an example of a well-managed open data initiative that enhances data accessibility and understanding. It strengthens the relationship between government and citizens through central access to government data. VI. Relation of Data Management and Good Governance Data Management involves collecting, storing, securing, and maintaining data for reliability, accessibility, and relevance, while Good Governance involves effective, transparent, and accountable resource management to meet societal needs. Data management and good governance are closely intertwined. Proper data management can enhance transparency, accountability, and citizen trust in government operations. Data management acts as a gateway to creating effective data analysis that connects important insights with the view of the public. Effective data management also allows the outside public to learn and access reliable data about the organization. Effective data management is essential to good governance because it guarantees governments can provide accurate and trustworthy information, enabling citizens to obtain the information they need to understand government decisions and actions. Furthermore, governments can adopt international standards and global best practices by implementing cross-border data flows thanks to sound data management procedures.. This is so that data management will not be done in isolation but with a holistic approach, an internationally controlled quality framework, updated constantly and strictly scrutinized by different international professionals. Applying these policies will help bring the basic standards harmonized across agencies while properly fulfilling proper data management and security procedures connected with international standards. The same quality implementation in data 16 management might result in more data management storage by building government agencies, and the development of e-government initiatives better done. Proper management will allow the public to be sure that the data is reliable and relevant, which means an enhanced approach will lead toward the principles of the agency. Finally, sightseeing of the standard of implementation of these guidelines can help secure incident management and will lead to better facilitating of data. An illustrating quotation that underlines the importance of data management in governance is quoted as follows by former U.S. President John F. Kennedy: "Effort and courage are not enough without purpose and direction. This shows that proper data management in a structured and purposeful way is necessary to realize good governance”. A. Broader Governmental and Societal Impacts Effective data management contributes to good governance by ensuring that data is timely, credible, and accessible. This promotes transparency, accountability, and trust between citizens and the government. Access to public data enhances policy-oriented, research, and innovations in stakeholders and policymakers, citizens, and researchers. For instance, the Open Data Philippines maintains constant improvement in data access and transparency in the country. The openness continues to promote the interface between the citizenry within the government by keeping the public much more informed. The structure of data practices bridged to a more accountable, transparent, and effective government administration explains the relationship between data management and good governance. As the international standard is set as a guide best approaches will ensure government reliance and reliability in the data they provide and that the public is always informed. VII. Challenges Faced by Citizens Using OGD A. Technological Skills The first challenge for the citizens is that they lack the necessary technical skills to be able to interpret, access and also utilize the open government data effectively. For example a person who has difficulty using spreadsheet software to open information, especially almost all information and data is obtained through online and the different citizens who are not good in using technology will find it difficult to keep up and get their information. This skill gap can be a significant barrier.To avoid this, the government needs to organize programs on how to open data using technology to improve digital and data literacy of the public. 17 B. Data Retrieval In this data retrieval, the citizens will find it difficult to find and retrieve relevant data because there are complex or poorly designed data portals that are shown to the public. The other government websites are not user friendly and are overwhelming the citizens who are not very knowledgeable in the use of technology. Then the data is also separated by multiple platforms, thus making it difficult to find specific information. The government should create centralized resources where all relevant data can be accessed in one place would be beneficial. C. Usability When it comes to usability, it also has challenges even if the data is accessible. However, when they are presented to the public it is not easy to understand the format. For example the raw datasets, there is confusion especially among citizens who are not familiar with data analysis. The lack of visualization and context can make the users or citizens can't understand what is written there. To further improve the usability, the government should provide a user friendly format such as the interactive dashboard and summary reports. There should be a clear explanation along the side of the data to better help the citizens understand and interpret the information effectively. D. Data Quality In Data quality, the challenges they will face are inaccuracies, outdated information, and the lack of standardization that will affect the reliability of open government data. Inconsistent data formats and missing information lead to misinterpretations among citizens. The government should ensure that the quality of the data is regularly updated as well as a thorough verification process. Governments should also be transparent about the limitations and potential inaccuracies of their data that they present to citizens and also allow users to make informed decisions. E. Awareness Many citizens are unaware that Open Government Data should be used. This lack of awareness means that even if it is high quality, accessible data may go unused. The government should give public awareness campaigns in the community among citizens to help increase their visibility and understanding of open government data. Highlights of success stories and practical applications of open data can also inspire more people to explore and use these resources. By raising awareness among citizens they will have more information on how to use open government data. 18 VIII. How OGD Should Be Properly Presented A. Standards for Useful and Accessible Open Government Data Standards for Useful and Accessible Open Government Data make sure the information provided by governmental organizations is simple to locate, utilize, and understand. The Republic Act No. 11032, generally referred to as the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018, is the appropriate Republic Act in the Philippines that adheres to these guidelines. This law contains measures to improve public data accessibility and usability as part of its attempt to improve government transparency and streamline procedures. The Open government data should ideally be presented through accessible and usable means. Ensure that all public data is accessible. In order to ensure that information is useful, accessible, and beneficial to the public, open government data need to fulfill a number of important criteria. Accessible everyone should have access to accessible data; exceptions should only be made for legitimate, security, or privacy-related reasons. Formats that are simple to use and comprehend, including machine-readable formats (like CSV and JSON), are appropriate for containing useful data. Granularity the data ought to be presented in the most comprehensive manner feasible, just as gathered, free of any combination or modification. To be up-to-date. Timeliness data needs to be made available as soon as possible and updated frequently, and the open format information should be in open formats that may be accessed without the need for proprietary software. Machine-Readable formats Information should be structured to enable automated processing by different platforms and tools. There should be no barriers to accessing the data; it should not be restricted by registration or other obstacles. Visualization; whenever possible, provide summaries, dashboards, graphs, and charts to help users understand the data. Comprehensive details include detailed explanations of the data, its source, and any relevant background information. The process used to collect the data should be open and thoroughly recorded. This includes describing the methods that were used to obtain the data, such as the tools and techniques that were utilized, the time frame that the data was collected, and the particular places or populations that provided the data. For example, it should be clear whether surveys, medical records, or direct observations were used to gather the data if it relates to public health. It is also necessary to specify the data's source, including any government bodies, commercial companies, or other groups. By allowing 19 people to evaluate the quality and dependability of the data, this transparency promotes confidence and facilitates well-informed decision-making. B. THE CURRENT STATE OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA IN THE PHILIPPINES According to the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA), the PSA provides extensive statistical data, including documents such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and other civil registers. While the data is comprehensive, the documents are only represented through PDF formats; they are not machine-readable, and it is difficult to analyze them. As stated in the Philippine ID system | News | Ateneo de Manila. Data privacy concerns a number of people have expressed concerns regarding the safety of their personal data, particularly in light of the upcoming national ID system. Concerns have been raised regarding possible data breaches and improper use of personal information. And also in the Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022). PSA releases 2022 statistical indicators on Philippine development. As mentioned, there have been cases where several PSA offices have given inconsistent information or instructions to the public. When citizens attempt to navigate the system, this inconsistency may cause them to get confused and frustrated. The Citizens may encounter digital barriers sometimes the website is not accessible to them. C. Department of Health (DOH) The DOH offered other assistance for the citizens including health statistics, disease surveillance data, and also the health service delivery. It is also similar to PSA, sometimes the data is not accessible, the format is also lacking in details. According to the (Timeliness of Health Data Reporting, Philippine Star). The citizens encountered restricted open access; some datasets are either not publicly available or are only available upon. Delays in Data Corrections.When mistakes are found, data corrections may be made slowly or without enough emphasis, which compromises the accuracy of the information that the general public and other sectors rely on. Public outreach for the DOH's open government data projects isn't always effective. IX. International standard that promotes effective data management Internationally, there are standards that form the framework or basis that governments would utilize in managing data effectively to be secure and of quality in presenting data to the public. Another standard worth mentioning is ISO/IEC 27001, said to be the world's leading international information security standard. The ISO 27001 protects information while maintaining its confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Secondly, the ISO 8000 series provides a set of standards that will outline the improvement of data quality 20 through the description of how data is managed and applied in order to be precise, complete, and reliable. The Cyber Security Industry Alliance records that 3,000 organizations globally utilize ISO 27001 in their operations. The largest users of this standard as at 2013 were the UK, Italy and Romania (Flavius Plesu, 2015). In addition to it being referenced by numerous countries, many have also adopted laws that are linked with ISO27001. Such examples include GDPR (European Union), CCPA (California) and PIPEDA (Canada). It is a European Union legislation on data privacy known as the General Data Protection Regulation. This thereby offers a secure process of gathering, manufacturing, and transferring personal data. As technology advances with the worldwide spread of data, it remains one of the most intricate data privacy legislations protecting citizen data in terms of confidentiality and integrity. This is a model for many alternate data protection laws globally including Turkey, Mauritius, Chile, Japan, Brazil, South-Korea, South Africa and Kenya. Moreover, The purposes of California Consumer Privacy Act (2018) and Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (2000) in Canada are user data protection. Users have now got the right to access their own data, delete their personal data, rectify inaccurate data and object or refuse the use of their data. These regulations ensure accountability for organizations, consent for individuals, data accuracy and safeguards for data use (OneTrust Data Guidance, 2023). Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digitals assets (FAIR) is an international framework published in 2016, that describes four principles on improving the findability of data for both humans and computers: make data accessible, interoperable, reusable, with focus on the actionability of that data by machines for citizens. Some countries apply the FAIR principles to their regulations, such as Indonesia with its Satu Data initiative. This requires organizations to explain the origin of their data and the methods used, encouraging transparency. In Japan, platforms like Dataverse and Gakunin RDM are used for storing, managing, and sharing research data. Kazakhstan is focused on addressing fragmented data in the healthcare sector, aiming to make the data more findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (Implementation of FAIR Guidelines in Selected Non-Western Geographies, 2022). X. The Pivotal Role of Government Management in the Success of OGD The open government data (OGD) in the current global setting has brought a significant change in the leadership practices particularly in the government sector. These initiatives entail making data available to the public this in turn enhances the involvement of individuals in public decision making. This openness is useful not only in 21 ensuring accountability of governments but also in encouraging evolution and subsequent prosperity. This information can be used by businesses and developers to develop new applications and services enhancing public services and economic development hence benefiting the country as a whole. Furthermore, OGD can significantly address corruption since it makes government processes more open and therefore easier to comprehend. But, for any OGD initiatives, the key focus would be proper management of the data. It is critical to make sure the data is accurate, accessible, and used appropriately. To meet these needs, governments face challenges since data may lack quality, can be sensitive or require proper data management structures. In this way, OGD when properly controlled can help in liberating good policies and efficient services to be delivered to the society. The major idea here is to strike a balance between the disclosure of the data and the achievement of the intended objectives, while at the same time, keeping privacy and security issues into consideration. XI. Recommendations for Improving OGD in the Philippines Open Government Data is an important instrument for increasing public accountability and democratic engagement, where the government data is accessible and used by business, researchers and individuals. Government data is crucial in the modern world as it fosters trust and increases public decision making processes. However, despite its value, there are also potential drawbacks and challenges in using open government data such as the citizens; lack of technical skills, difficulty in data retrieval, usability issues, quality and awareness. The Philippine Open Government Data can be improved by various steps – in order to enhance its quality and reliability, the government must implement standardization protocols where all government institutions should adopt similar metadata or data formats to guarantee its consistency and correctness. Additionally conduct routine audits and updates for utilizing data management such as ISO/EIC 27001. It is also important to utilize ICT by transforming the complex data sets into clear visual representations and making it more accessible through mobile applications and social media. And lastly, is to promote public engagement and trust where the citizens can provide the feedback on data quality and repo issues, as well as launching campaigns to educate citizens on the benefits and importance of Open Government Data. OECD (2022). Facilitating Access to Open Government Data: Frameworks and Practices. APEC Workshop on Open Government Data 22 In addition to sharing best practices from other nations, the OECD (2022) paper offers a thorough framework for improvising the access to Open Government Data (OGD). This highlights how important the global standards and best practices are in the Philippine setting, especially when it comes to understanding how to apply them. The framework incorporates the FAIR Principles is reusable, findable, accessible and interoperable. There are three types of data governance models that each has its pros and cons, including hybrid, decentralized and centralized. Successful OGD projects, with an emphasis on data management, stakeholder involvement and policy formulation are highlighted through the case studies from other nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom and South Korea. There is investigation into technological solutions that can enhance data security, transparency and accessibility, such as blockchain, cloud computing and artificial intelligence. In addition to addressing local issues including infrastructure and capacity building, it explores how the Philippines might modify international standards and best practices to fit its unique circumstances and link Open Government Development (OGD) programs with national development goals. By implementing the FAIR principles, government data in the Philippines can become more valuable and useful by making it more locatable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. To enhance data literacy among government officials, citizens and businesses, policy recommendations suggest funding education and training programs that will encourage public and private partnership to pool resources expertise for OGD initiatives and modernizing ICT infrastructure to facilitate effective data collection, storage and distribution. CHAPTER 3: ASSESSMENT AND QUIZ I. Ice Breaker Dukutin MO! The game entitled “Dukutin Mo!” will follow the following instructions. The seven groups are required to have a representative, and that representative will choose a number and reach into our facilitator’s pockets. Inside the pockets, there will be pieces of paper with questions written on them. The representative must answer the question they picked, and those who answer correctly will receive a prize! 23 Chapter 4: Appendices A. Curriculum Vitae 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 B. Group Evaluation GROUP EVALUATION LEADER MEMBERS CRITERIA WEIGHT Woods, Sulit, Tambis Testigo, Tiboc, Villanueva Vitales, kyle Bjorn Jenny A. , Jed Nicole Katrina , Ceithlyne Jerwin B. A. C. Thea M. Cassandr M. a T. Score Timeliness 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% - Submitted the assigned task on or before the given deadline. Character 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% - Demonstrated a positive attitude towards the team like listening to groupmates and being open to suggestions and opinions. Contribution 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% - Presented, Communicated, and contributed ideas to the group brainstorming. - I did the assigned part excellently and had content relevant to the topic. Accuracy of 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% 30% the content - Created content for the assigned part that was accurately connected and relevant to the topic. Execution 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% 35% - Permored the assigned task excellently and showed enough knowledge. - Showed clarity and used effective presentation. - Organized the mood of the class participants. TOTAL: 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 32 C. Definition of Terms To give clear meaning to the terms used in this reporting, the following terms are defined conceptually and optionally Accountability Duty of public servants and agencies to take responsibility for decisions, actions, and use of public funds. Citizen Engagement A way for individuals to communicate with governments during policy formulation, service provision, and in response to events. Data Management Procedure for collecting, preserving, and classifying data to ensure its reliability, accuracy, and accessibility. Data Retrieval Process that discovers and gathers data from repositories based on specific requests for analysis and decision-making. Data Portal Platform providing consolidated access to data assets, ensuring easy access to reliable and high-quality data. Data Visualization Tool for communicating with various audiences to make sense of data and advance Open Government Data goals. Data Quality Measure of data’s validity, reliability, correctness, completeness, and consistency. 33 E-Report System Tool for creating and sharing electronic reports with banks, governments, and organizations. E-Governance Use of ICT to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of government services and information. GIFMIS A subcomponent of ERGP modernizing fiscal procedures to support anti-corruption measures and public resource management. ICT Tools and technologies for electronic information management and communication, promoting transparency and participation in governance. Open Government Data Initiative for increasing government accountability, and transparency, and fostering economic development and citizen participation. Transparency Concept promoting public participation in government decision-making through initiatives like Open Government Data. Technology Skills Abilities enabling effective use of digital tools and technologies in the modern environment. 34 D. Reference: ARTICLE Alessandro, M., Lagomarsino, B. C., Scartascini, C., Streb, J., & Torrealday, J. (2021). Transparency and Trust in Government. Evidence from a Survey Experiment. World Development, 138, 105223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105223 Ansari, B., Barati, M., & Martin, E. G. (2022). Enhancing the usability and usefulness of open government data: A comprehensive review of the state of open government data visualization research. Government Information Quarterly, 39(1), 101657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101657 Chua, Y. (2020). 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Open data for economic growth. Retrieved from worldbank.org Quote Kennedy, J. F. (1960). Speech at the Coliseum, Raleigh, North Carolina. Retrieved from jfklibrary.org 43 E. Rubrics RUBRIC FOR CONCEPT PAPER/WRITTEN REPORT Group Name: Group 8 Date: October 2024 Topic/Title: Open Government Data Criteria Beginner Acceptable Proficient Exemplary Score 1 2 3 4 Introduction There is no The The The introduction clear introduction introduction is engaging, states introduction states the states the the main topic of main topic main topic main topic and previews the and the but does not and structure of the structure of adequately previews paper. the paper is preview the the structure missing. structure of of the paper. the paper. Content The purpose Information Information Balanced or the supports a provides presentation of argument is central reasonable relevant and not clearly purpose or support for legitimate identified. argument at a central information that Analysis is times. purpose or clearly supports a not evident. Analysis is argument central purpose or Readers in basic and and displays argument. confused or readers gains evidence of In-depth analysis may be few insights. a basic of a significant misinformed. analysis of a topic is evident. significant topic. Organization The writing is In general, The ideas The ideas are not logically the writing is are arranged arranged logically organized. arranged logically to to support the Frequently logically, support the purpose. They ideas fail to although central flow smoothly make sense occasionally purpose or from one to together. The ideas fail to argument. another and are reader cannot make sense They are clearly linked to identify a line together. The usually each other. The of reasoning. reader is clearly reader can follow fairly clear linked to the line of about what each other. reasoning. 44 writers For the intends. most part the reader can follow the line of reasoning. Grammar, There are so The writing There are The writing is Spelling, many errors has many occasional free or almost free Mechanics that meaning errors, and errors, but of errors. (Punctuation, is obscured. the reader is they don’t italic, The reader is distracted by represent a capitalization confused. them. major , etc. ) distraction. Use of References Although Professional Compelling References are seldom attributions ly evidence from and cited to are legitimate professionally percentage of support occasionally sources that legitimate sources Plagiarism statements. given, many support is given to statements claims and support claims. seem generally Attribution is unsubstantiat present and clear and fairly ed. The attribution represented reader is is, for the confused most part. about the Clear and source of fairly information represented. and ideas. Quality of There are Most of the Although References are References virtually no references are most of the primarily sources that from sources references peer-reviewed are that are not are professional professionall peer- professional journal or other y reliable. reviewed and ly approved sources. The reader have legitimate, a The reader is seriously uncertain few are confident that the doubts the reliability. questionabl information and value of the There are e. The ideas can be material. doubts in the reader is trusted. accuracy of uncertain of much of the the material reliability of presented. some of the sources. Bibliography The The The The bibliography bibliography bibliography bibliograph is done in the 45 is done in the is done in the y is done in correct format correct correct the correct with no errors. format but format but format but (Includes three with many with some with few major references errors. errors. errors. e.g. science (Includes (Includes (Includes journal articles, three major three major three major books) references references references e.g. science e.g. science e.g. science journal journal journal articles, articles, articles, books) books) books) Other comments/Observation: Total Score Rating = ( total score)x100 28 Adapted and enhance from Ms. Erick Lacsam Evaluated by: Prepared By: ______________________ ______________________ Printed Name and Signature Philip SJ. Soberano Subject Instructor 46 RUBRICS FOR POWER POINT PRESENTATION 10 8 6 4 SCORE CONTENT Fully explain the Explain the context Missing some Missing most of context of the of the presentation information and the context, and presentation, and and some of the the answer are unable to fully answer the questions are uncleared. answer the given question. answered. questions. ORAL Excellent in voice Good in voice Needs to Needs to PRESENTATION volume, level of volume, level of improve in improve in confidence is high, confidence is presentation presentation and well verse on moderate, knew the and learn more and study well the topic. topic. on the topic. the topic. QUALITY OF PPT All slides are easy to Most slides are easy Some slides are Most slides are read with to read with good difficult read difficult read. appropriate animation, design, with some Animation, animation, design, and graphics. animation, design, and and graphics. design, and graphics are in graphics are in appropriate. appropriate. Subject: Knowledge Mnagement and ICT for Public Administration Group Members: Course&Section : BPA FA 2-1 1. Sulit, Jenny A. 2. Tambis, Jed C. 3. Testigo, Nicole Thea M. 4. Tiboc, Katrina Cassandra T. 5. Villanueva, Ceithlyne M. 6. Vitales, Jerwin B. 7. Woods, Kyle Bjorn A. 47

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