Nursing Theories PDF

Topics:\ **Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Being** **Dorothea Orem's Self-Deficit Theory** **Imogene King's General Systems Framework** **\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--** **MARTHA ROGERS' SCIENCE O...

Topics:\ **Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Being** **Dorothea Orem's Self-Deficit Theory** **Imogene King's General Systems Framework** **\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--** **MARTHA ROGERS' SCIENCE OF UNITARY HUMAN BEING** **Martha Elizabeth Rogers\ **- Born on May 12, 1914. \- Hailed from Dallas, Texas, USA. \- Developed the "Science of Unitary Human Beings", a body of ideas that she described in her book: "An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing". \- From 1954 to 1975, she was a professor and Head of Division of Nursing at New York University. \- She became a professor emeritus in 1979. \- Was an active member of her profession until her death on March 13, 1994. Martha Rogers\' nursing theory, known as the Science of Unitary Human Beings, upholds four core principles: **energy fields, openness, pattern, and pan-dimensionality**. **These principles emphasize the holistic, dynamic and individualistic nature of human beings and their continuous interaction with the environment using energy and information.** **Martha Rogers\' Theory of Unitary Human Beings views humans as dynamic entities in constant interaction with their environment, forming an inseparable whole.** **Core Principles / Major Concepts**: - - - - **Assumptions**: - - - - **Homeodynamic Principles:\ **(refers to the balance between the dynamic life process and environment) - - - **Nursing Practice Integration:** - - - - - **Strategies for Incorporating Science of Unitary Human Beings:** - - - - - - - **\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\--** **DOROTHEA OREM'S SELF-DEFICIT THEORY** **Dorothea Elizabeth Orem** \- Born on July 15, 1914, in Baltimore, Maryland, USA \- Died at the age of 92 on June 22, 2007, in Savannah Georgia. \- In 1931, Dorothea Orem graduated from Seton High School \- In 1934, she received her nursing diploma at Providence Hospital School of Nursing \- In 1939, she earned a bachelor's degree in Science in Nursing \- Followed by a Master of Science in Nursing Education in 1945 \- From 1939-1941, Orem became an instructor for biological science and nursing at Providence Hospital, Detroit. She also served as a director of both nursing school and nursing department from 1940-1949. \- From 1959-1964, at the Catholic University of America, she served as an assistant professor, then as an associate professor from 1964-1970, and finally as the school\'s dean from 1965-1966. **Work Experience:** - - - - - - **Overview of this Theory:\ **Dorothea Elizabeth Orem developed this theory based on her observation and experience as a nurse. She recognized that nurses can do more than just perform tasks for their patients, nurses may be involved in maintaining the patient\'s health by encouraging patients to care for themselves. This may only apply to individuals that can't care for themselves. Orem's Theory focuses on assisting individuals in meeting their own self-care needs.**\ ** **Self-Care\ -** The practice of activities that individuals perform on their behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being. Orem believed that self-care is a learned behavior and that people engage in it deliberately to regulate their functioning and development. **Self-Care Agency\ -** The human's ability or power to engage in self-care is affected by **basic conditioning factors**. **Basic Conditioning Factors** - - - - - - - - - **Therapeutic Self-Care Demand** The totality of "self-care actions to be performed for some\ duration to meet known self-care requisites by using valid\ methods and related sets of actions and operations." **3 Self-Care Interrelated Theories** A. ***The Theory of Self-Care*** (SELF-CARE REQUISITES: The actions directed toward the provision of self-care.) [THREE SELF-CARE REQUISITES] 1\. Universal Self-Care Requisites - 2\. Developmental Self-Care Requisites - 3\. Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites - B. ***The Self-Care Deficit Theory*** [FIVE METHODS OF HELPING] 1\. Acting for and doing for others. 2\. Guiding others. 3\. Supporting another. 4\. Providing an environment promoting personal development to meet future demands 5\. Teaching another. C. ***Three Types of Nursing System*** 1\. Wholly Compensatory Nursing System - 2\. Partial Compensatory Nursing System - 3\. Supportive-Educative System - **Strategies for Incorporating Self-Care Deficit:** \- Collaboration with the patient \- Setting realistic and achievable goals \- Providing education and support \- Fostering independence\ - Encouraging self-efficacy \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- **IMOGENE KING'S GENERAL SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK** **Imogene Eva Martina King** \- Born on January 30, 1923. \- A pioneering nurse and theorist renowned for her work. \- Originally dreamed of being a teacher. \- She became an assistant professor at various universities. \- Developed a master's program based on her theory that later formed the framework for her model of care. \- King died of a stroke on December 24, 2007, in St. Petersburg, Florida. \- Her framework emerged in the 1960's when she was developing her ideas about how to improve her work about nursing care through better communication and goal-setting. \- Her work was influenced by the need to address both the emotional and practical aspects of patient care, reflecting a shift towards more patient-centered approaches in healthcare. **Breakdown:\ ** Systems Theory Influence: King's use of systems theory focused on understanding the dynamics between the patient, nurse, and their environments. Systems theory helped explain how personal perceptions, interactions, and social structures impact the effectiveness of nursing care. By viewing nursing practice through this lens, King demonstrated how various factors and systems contribute to achieving health goals. **Major Concepts:** ***Personal System\ ***- Each Individual is a personal system. King designated an example of a personal system as a patient or a nurse. King specified the concepts of body image, growth and development, perception, self space, and time in order to comprehend human beings as persons. - - - - - - ***Interpersonal System*** \- These are formed by Human Beings interacting. Two interacting individuals form a DYAD, three form a TRIAD, and four or form small or large groups. As the number of interacting individuals increases, so does the complexity of the interactions. - - - - - - ***Social System*** \- A more comprehensive interacting system consists of groups that make up society, referred to as the social system. Religious, educational, and Health Care systems are examples of social systems. - - - - - **Major Assumptions** - - - - - - - - **Strategies for Incorporating Science of Unitary Human Beings:** \- Assessing the patient\'s personal and social systems. \- Identify community resources and support systems. \- Assessing the patient\'s functional status. \- Consider the patient\'s personal, interpersonal, and social systems when setting goals. \- Be open to compromise and flexibility when setting goals. \-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-- review well :))