2018 Presentation Nursing Theories (1).pptx

Nursing Theories: An Introduction Brown’s Town Community College School of Nursing NURS 2015 Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Objectives Identify characteristics of Nursing Theories Classify Nursing theories according to their underlying assumptions Explain...

Nursing Theories: An Introduction Brown’s Town Community College School of Nursing NURS 2015 Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Objectives Identify characteristics of Nursing Theories Classify Nursing theories according to their underlying assumptions Explain the nursing metaparadigm Outline specific examples of nursing theories within each theoretical assumption Apply select nursing theories to a clinical scenario Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  The Problem: A case study Jeremy, 21 years old was admitted to the orthopaedic ward with a fracture to his left femur. He disclosed that he was travelling home form a football match when the bus in which he was travelling crashed. His left leg was crushed beneath a large piece of metal for over 30 minutes. He also stated that he is very independent and takes great pride in doing things for himself. Jeremy is in the post-operative period. He currently requires assistance with activities of daily living and is receiving pethidine® for pain and intravenous antibiotics. He Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017 was described  Nursing Theory: Definitions A creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that projects a tentative, Chinn & purposeful and systematic view of Kramer (2007, phenomena as cited in George, 2011, p. 4) “…conceptualization of some aspect of nursing reality communicated for the purpose of describing phenomena, relationships between phenomena, predicting consequences or prescribing nursing care” Meleis (2007, p. 37) Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Nursing Theory: Components Assumpti Narrative Concept Exempla ons descriptio s rs ns The basis of how Provides Explains concepts a specific assumptions, descriptio concepts and Illustrates are n of relationships the theory described and phenome between related na concepts Physiological needs must A be met first. student Man has Needs When one who is meanin include need is met, hungry g and physiolog another need may not seeks ical and surfaces. be ways to psychoso Unmet needs inclined meet cial motivate to study needs deficits Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised human2017  The Nursing Metaparadigm A paradigm is a “… general framework made up of assumptions about aspects of the discipline… that are considered to be essential to the discipline” (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 9). Look at the next slide. Can you identify the paradigms based on the definition above? Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  The Nursing Metaparadigm A metaparadigm includes assumptions about a combination of frameworks. In nursing, the metaparadigm includes assumptions about Person (human beings) Health Nursing The environment (Selanders, 2010) Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Nursing theories: Classified Emphasiz Gran Emphasiz es d es Need systems LEVEL BASIC S ASSUMPTI Pract ONS ic Mid- e range Emphasiz Emphasi es zes Interactio energy n fields This grand Just give me theory is the theory to way over help me give my head this patient the injection Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017 Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017 Nursing theories: Classified Self- Care The Betty Neuman Deficit Systems Model Emphasiz Emphasiz es Need es systems BASIC ASSUMPTI Martha Rogers ONS Emphasiz Emphasi es zes Interactio energy n fields Science of Interperso Unitary nal Human Relations Beings Examples of Specific Theorists Based on Assumptions Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Nursing Theories: KEY CONCEPTS NEUMA ROGER OREM PEPLAU S N Nurse- Nursing as Energy Conditionin client an open field g factors relationshi system p Client Self-care Pattern Therapeuti system agency c encounter Lines of Pan- Self-care defense dimensiona demand Nursing lity Principles Roles Stressors of Nursing change: Agency Resonanc Reaction Phases in y Nursing Preventio Helicy Systems nursing n as Integralit interventi y on Reconstitu Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017 tion Theory Based on Human Needs / Deficits R Self-care R Self- Self- R care Conditioni care ng factors agency demand deficit R s R R Nursi Conditioni ng ng factors Agenc y Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Structure (Parker & Smith, 2010) Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Theory Based on Interaction C om Pep pone lau n ’ s T t s of heo Patient ry Patient need Nurse Nurse’s Professional Expertise Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017  Nursing Theorists & Metaparadigm: Comparison NURSING NEUMA ROGER METAPARADI OREM PEPLAU GM N S Holistic Striving to A holistic being with Seeking to reduce being Person simultaneo meet self- tension interacting usly care needs created by with the operating needs universe Three variables states: Human Ongoing wholly, Optimal Health forward field partially system human manifesta compensat stability Focused process Therapeut Response tion ory or on self- supportive ic to Compassion care interperso individual toward Nursing needs: nal s in humans : an total, process interactio autonomous partial, with n with unique art supportiv common environm and science The Implied e in goals ent Pan- Patient’s Internal/ the dimension culture external Environm nursing al energy and mores influences ent system Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017 field  References George, Julia B. (Ed.). (2011). Nursing theories: The base for professional nursing practice (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson. McEwen, M. & Wills, Evelyn M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Meleis, Afaf I. (2007). Theoretical nursing: Development & progress. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. Parker, Marilyn E. & Smith, Marlaine C. (Eds.). (2010). Nursing theories: Nursing practice (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Davis Company. Selanders, Louise C. (2010). The power of environmental adaptation: Florence Nightingale’s original theory for nursing practice. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 28, 81-88. doi: 10. 1177/0898010109360257 Dawn Munroe 2015, Revised 2017