IT Components (Peopleware) - GROUP 1-7

GROUP 1 **Peopleware -** the components of a computer system in terms of "peopleware," which focuses on the people involved: 1. **Users:** 1. **Regular Users** - people who use computers for everyday things like browsing the internet, typing documents, or using apps. 2. **Advanced Users -...

GROUP 1 **Peopleware -** the components of a computer system in terms of "peopleware," which focuses on the people involved: 1. **Users:** 1. **Regular Users** - people who use computers for everyday things like browsing the internet, typing documents, or using apps. 2. **Advanced Users -** those who use computers in more complex ways, like creating software, analyzing data, or designing graphics. 2. **IT Professionals:** 1. **System Managers** - they keep the computer systems running smoothly and fix any problems. 2. **Network Managers** - they make sure all computers are connected and can communicate with each other. 3. **Database Managers -** they organize and manage all the data stored in the system, making sure it's accessible and safe. 3. **Developers and Programmers:** 1. **Software Makers** - they write the code and create the programs that run on computers. 2. **Website Creators** - they build and maintain websites and web-based applications. 3. **Hardware Designers** - they design and develop the physical parts of the computer, like processors and memory. 4. **Support Staff** 1. **Tech Support** - they help users when something goes wrong with their computers. 2. **Help Desk Staff** - the first people you contact when you have a problem; they help solve basic issues or direct you to someone who can help. 5. **Project Leaders** 1. **IT Project Managers** - they plan and oversee IT projects, making sure everything gets done on time and within budget. 2. **Product Managers** - they focus on developing specific software products and making sure they meet users' needs. 6. **Teachers and Trainers** 1. **IT Trainers** - they teach people how to use software and systems effectively. 2. **Educators** - they provide formal education in technology, such as teaching computer science or programming. 7. **Decision Makers:** 1. **Executives (like CIOs or CTOs)** - they make big decisions about how the company or organization uses technology. 2. **Business Analysts** - they make sure that the technology meets the needs of the business or organization. 8. **Security Experts:** 1. **Cybersecurity Professionals** - they protect the system from hackers and other threats. 2. **Ethical Hackers** - they try to find and fix security problems before the bad guys do. These people all play important roles in making sure computer systems work well and are used effectively. GROUP 2 **Software -** computer instructions or data, anything that can be stored electronically. EXAMPLE Microsoft words, excel, PowerPoint, etc. **Types of software** 1. **System software** - this type of software is designed to manage and control the hardware components of a computer and to provide a platform for running application software. Examples: Operating Systems: Windows, macOS, Linux. Device Drivers: Software that allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices like printers, video cards, etc. **Features of System Software** - Close to system - Fast in speed - Difficult to design - Less interactive - Smaller in size - Difficult to manipulate 2. **Application software** - refers to programs designed to perform specific tasks for users. These tasks can range from productivity, entertainment, education, communication, or business management. Unlike system software, which operates and manages the computer hardware, application software enables users to accomplish particular activities. Examples: Spotify, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, etc. **Types of Application Software** 1. **Proprietary** - is a licensed software under exclusive legal rights of owner. 2. **In-house** - developed application with the help of company resources. 3. **Off-the-shelf** - an existing software program that can be use without any expected changes. 4. **Contract** - the software which is developed for a specific company for their requirement. **Form of application software** 1. **Package software** -- a software which is sold in a bundle due to similar function of program. Example: Microsoft office, windows Cd 2. **Custom software** - especially made for an organization as per their requirement. Example: Attendance system, security code 3. **Web application** - any application that uses web browsers. Example: Goggle docs, Dropbox 4. **Open source software** - is made available to everyone and can be change, modify, and distribute to public without any notification. Example: Linux, WordPress 5. **Freeware** - is the software that is freely available to public but the author has the copyright, means that you can only use it, not sell it. Example: Antivirus 6. **Shareware** - is actually delivered free of charge but some time the owner ask for money to get registered, so that they can send updates in future. It can be copied but it cannot be sold. Example: Microsoft office 7. **Public domain software** - is totally free and it is not copyrighted plus it has no restrictions. Examples: Sqlite, Blast, i2p GROUP 3 **HARDWARE** - is the physical components of the computer, refers to the tangible (things you can touch) components of a computer system. Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, etc. **3 Types of Hardware** 1. System Unit 2. Output Devices 3. Input Devices 1. **INPUT DEVICES** - an input device let's you communicate with a computer. You can use input devices to enter information and issue commands. Types of Input Devices 1. **Keyboard** - is a standard input device of most computers. Used to type data into the computer. 2. **Mouse** - is a hand-clicked device used for pointing and moving objects. 3. **Joystick** - is an input device which is commonly used for computer games. 4. **Light Pen** - a device used to draw, write, or issue commands when it touches a specially designed screen. 5. **Scanner** -- a scanner allows you to scan documents, pictures, or graphics and view them on the computer. 6. **Microphone** - used to input sound into a computer. 2. **OUTPUT DEVICES** - an output device displays information on a screen, creates printed copies or generates sound. Types of Output Devices 1. **Printers** - an output device that produces text and graphics on paper. Examples: Inkjet Printer, Laser Printer, Impact Printer 2. **Monitor** - the monitor is used to provide soft copy output. 3. **Multimedia Projector** - is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or other flat surface 4. **Speaker** - play sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card. 5. **Headphones** - provide private audio output. 3. **SYSTEM UNIT** - the system unit is the box-like case that contains all the essential electronic components of a computer. Parts of the System Unit 1. **CPU** - **Central Processing Unit** (CPU) is the brain of the computer, it handles all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer. 2. **CPU Fan & Heat Sink** - CPU fans are specifically designed to cool down the processor. They are typically mounted directly on top of the CPU, dissipating heat generated by the processor's operation. 3. **RAM** - **Random Access Memory** (RAM) is a type of computer memory that is used to temporarily store data that the computer is currently using or processing. 4. **Hard-disk Drive** - is a non-volatile memory device that permanently stores and retrieves data on a computer. it is a storage device that store billions of characters of data on a non removable disk. 5. **Motherboard** - The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer, connecting all the other components together. It is also known as the mainboard or system board. 6. **Power Supply Unit** - It supplies power from the power supply to the drive. The power cables are red, yellow and black. The yellow wire furnishes 12 volts of power, the red wire furnishes 5 volts of power, the two black wire are ground wire for each. 7. **Video Card** - a video card is an expansion card that connects to a computer motherboard. Deals with processing images and videos, along with some of the tasks normally handled by the CPU. 8. **GPU** - the **Graphics Processing Unit** (GPU) helps handle graphics-related work like graphics, effects, and videos. GROUP 4 **ADVANCE WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE** **Word processing software** - is a kind of software that using computer it can creating, editing, saving and printing documents. 1. **Text formatting** - describes features within word processors that are used to change the appearance of the text, such as font size, bold, and underline effects, text alignment, spacing lines and paragraphs, color, highlighting. 2. **Layout control** - involves arranging and positioning elements in a design to ensure clarity and visual appeal. It includes managing alignment, spacing, grids, layering, and adapting designs for different screen sizes. 3. **Image and object** - **Image**: A digital picture or graphic inserted into documents or presentations. Images can be in formats like JPEG, PNG, or GIF. **Object**: Any item that can be manipulated within the software, such as images, charts, or shapes. 4. **Editing features** - advanced editing features offer specialized tools for more precise and customized content modification, including detailed control over text formatting, image adjustments, video effects, and audio processing. 5. **Template creation and management** - users can create and save document templates to streamline repetitive tasks and maintain consistent formatting across projects. 6. **Mail merge** - this feature allows users to merge data from external sources, such as spreadsheets, into personalized documents, such as letter or labels. 7. **Printing options** - users can customize printing settings, including page layout, paper size, and margins, to achieve professional-quality output. EXAMPLES OF ADVANCED WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE 1. **Microsoft Word** - a word processing program that allows for the creation of both simple and complex documents.  2. **Google Documents** -- Google Docs is an online word processor that lets you create and format documents and work with other people.  3. **Dropbox Paper** - is an online document workspace, where you can organize and display text, media, and files all in one place. GROUP 5 **Spreadsheet Software** -- a spreadsheet is a computer program that can capture, display and manipulate data arranged in rows and columns. - A spread sheet is a software that permits numerical data to be used and to perform automatic calculation on numbers contained in a table. - Numerous spread sheets have been produced by the main software companies. The main spread sheets are; - **Microsoft excel, Sun star office calc., Open calc., IBM** - In addition, spread sheet can also easily produce graphic representation of the data entered. - \*Histograms, Curves, Sector charts - Micro soft excel has initial release in sept.30 1985; 30 years ago - Microsoft excel is a spreadsheet developed by Microsoft for windows, Android. It features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language called visual basic for applications. It has been a very widely applied spreadsheet for these platforms, especially since version 5 in 1993, and it has replaced lotus 1-2-3 as the industry standard for spreadsheets. Excel is a part of microsoft office. - Excel is a spreadsheet, a grid made from columns and rows. It is a software program that can make number manipulation easy and somewhat painless. - The nice thing about using a computer and spreadsheet is that you can experiment with numbers without having to RE-DO all the calculations. **BASICS OF A SPREADSHEET** Spreadsheets are made up of **Columns** **Rows** And their intersections are called **cells** 1. **Column** - in a spreadsheet the COLUMN is defined as the vertical space that is going up and down the window. Letters are used to designate each COLUMN'S location. 2. **Row** - in a spreadsheet the ROW is defined as the horizontal space that is going across the window. Numbers are used to designate each ROW'S location. 3. **Cell --** a CELL is the space where a row and column intersect. Each CELL is assigned a name according to its COLUMN letter and ROW number. **NUMBER OF ROWS AND COLUMNS** - Version of excel up to 7.0 (16384 rows) - Version of excel 8.0-11.0 (65536 rows and 256columns). - Version of excel 12.0(1048576 rows and 16384 columns **TYPES OF DATA** In each cell there may be the following data types: Labels (text with no numerical value) Number data (constant values) Formulas (mathematical equation used to calculate) Data Types Examples Descriptions LABEL - Name or Wage or anything that is - Days - Just text CONSTANT - 5 or 3.75 or -7.4 any number FORMULA - =5+3 or 8\*5+3 - Math equation 1. **LABELS** - Labels are text entries - Labels help identify what we are talking about - Labels do not have a value associated with them - Sometimes called 'headers' 2. **CONSTANTS** - **Constants** are FIXED number data - Constants may refer to dollars, percentages, or number of items (in this case number of hours worked within a certain pay period). 3. **FORMULAS** - **Formulas** are math equations that CALCULATE a value to be displayed. - DO NOT type in the numbers; type in the equation. - It is BEST to Reference as much data as possible as opposed to typing data into equations. That way when OTHER information changes, we DO-NOT have to change the equations or type In information again. GROUP 6 **ADVANCED PRESENTATION SOFTWARE** **Presentation Software** \- Software designed to create visually engaging content. \- Combines text, images, charts, graphs, and multimedia elements. \- Facilitates effective communication, storytelling, and information sharing. \- Widely used in business, education, marketing, and various other fields **Types of software** 1. **Basic Presentation Software:** \- Emphasizes ease of use and basic features for creating simple presentations. \- Examples: Microsoft PowerPoint, Google Slides. 2. **Advanced Presentation Software:** \- Focuses on visual storytelling, interactivity, professional design, and advanced features. \- Examples: Prezi Next, Canva, Beautiful.ai, Tome, Adobe After Effects. 3. **Multimedia Authoring Tools:** \- Offers a wide range of tools for creating complex, multimedia-rich presentations. \- Examples: Adobe After Effects, Camtasia. **5 Essential Features for Effective Presentations** 1. **Templates**: Pre-designed layouts for quick and professional presentations 2. **Collaboration Tools**: Real-time editing, commenting, and sharing with others. 3. **Multimedia Support:** Integration of images, videos, audio, and animations. 4. **Data Visualization:** Charts, graphs, and data-driven storytelling. 5. **Design Features:** Customization options for fonts, colors, themes, and branding. **Features That Elevate Presentations** **4 THE RISE OF ADVANCED FEATURES** 1. **Non-linear Storytelling:** Moving beyond traditional slide-by-slide presentations to create more engaging and immersive experiences. 2. **Interactive Elements:** Polls, quizzes, embedded videos, and other interactive features to keep the audience actively involved. 3. **AI-Powered Design**: Auto-generation of presentations, design suggestions, and intelligent features to streamline the creation process. 4. **Advanced Animation and Transitions**: Creating dynamic, visually appealing presentations with sophisticated animation effects. **Cloud-Based Presentation Software** **The Power of Cloud Collaboration** -Access presentations from any device with an internet connection. -Real-time collaboration with team members. -Secure storage and version control. -Examples: Google Slides, Prezi Next, Canva. **AI-Powered Presentation Tools** \- Auto-generation of presentations based on user input. \- Smart templates that adapt to specific needs. \- AI-powered design tools for creating unique visuals -- Examples: Beautiful.ai, Tome. **Factors to Consider When Selecting Software** 1\. **Requirements**: What features are essential for your needs? 2\. **Technical Stack**: Compatibility with existing devices and software. 3\. **Audience Type**: Who will be viewing your presentations? 4\. **Budget**: Free, paid, or freemium options available. GROUP 7 INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA **Internet** is a network of networks, linking computers to computers. Each runs software to provide or "serve" information and/or to access and view information. The internet is the transportation vehicle for the information store in files or documents and found through or using the internet on another computer. History \- **ARPANET** was the network that became the basis for the Internet. Based on a concept first published in **1967**, ARPANET was developed under the direction of the U.S. **Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)**. \- In **1969**, the idea became a modest reality with the interconnection of four university computers. The initial purpose was to communicate with and share computer resources among mainly scientific user at the connected Institution's. **The World Wide Web** is the most popular part of the Internet by far. The Web allows rich and diverse communication by displaying text, graphics, animation, photos, sound and video. The Web physically consists of your personal computer, web browser software, a connection to an Internet Service Provider, computers called servers that host digital data, and routers switches to direct the flow of information. **12 Basic Terms** 1. **Web Page** - a web page is a part of a website, means a website Contains different web pages, it can be understood as an example of a book. 2. **Website** - a one or more web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. 3. **Home page** - the term may also refer to the start page shown in a web browser when the application first opens. 4. **Browser** - a browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. 5. **Web Server** - is a computer system combined with software used for the storing serving of web files. 6. **Electronics Mail** - commonly shortened to "email", is a communication method that uses electronic devices to deliver message across computer network. 7. **World Wide Web** - commonly known as the Web, is an information systems where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resources Locators, which is accessible over the Internet. 8. **Telnet** - is a client/server application that provides access to virtual terminals remote system on local are networks or the Internet 9. **News Group** - Internet-based discussion group, similar to bulletin board system (BBS), where people post messages concerning whatever topic around which the group is organized. 10. **Local Area Network** - Lans are private owned-network, can be extended up to a few kilometers. It connects computers with a single office, building, blocks, campus they work in a relatively small geographical are. 11. **Wide Area Network** - the technology that connects your offices, data centers, cloud application, and cloud storage together. It's called a wide-are network because it spans beyond a single building or a large campus to include multiple locations. 12. **Value Added Network** - customers are essential to the network and their involvement provides the added value. Customer sign up, agree to terms in the contract, and add value to the network **Social Media** refers to the means of interactions among people in which they creates, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and networks. History **Six Degrees**, the first social media platform launched in 1997, was a social networking pioneer. It allowed users to create profiles and connect with friends. Unfortunately, Six Degrees was ahead of it's time, and the public did not widely understand or embrace the concept of social media. 4 Advantages 1. **Supplement to Education** - students and academics actively use social networking platforms for collaboration, knowledge sharing, accessing the latest research and study resources as well as promoting scientific initiatives 2. **Convenience and Ease of Access** - Social Media apps provide information accessibility, news and entertainment at users' fingertips anytime and anywhere through their smart devices 3. **Staying Connected** - It allows people to stay connected with friends, family members, acquaintance and even celebrities seamlessly. It helps nurture relationships. 4. **Provides Entertainment** - From accessing the latest music videos on YouTube, watching mini-videos on Instagram reels, and Facebook videos. 4 Disadvantages 1. **Distraction and Loss of Productivity** - Obsessive social platform usage during work or study hours lead to reduced productivity 2. **Spread of Misinformation** - Circulation of fake news, propaganda and unverified data through viral posts and messages can misguide users. 3. **Compromise Privacy and Data Vulnerabilities** - Oversharing personal information and data thefts compromises user privacy and exposes them to fraud. 4. **Enables Bullying and Harassment** - Trolling public humiliation and harassment of individuals including celebrities is made by anonymous accounts.