Grade 10 History Exam Review Sheet PDF

Grade 10 History Exam Review Sheet (Expanded) Unit 1: 1870–1914 ​ Immigration ○​ Who Came? European settlers, especially from Britain, Ireland, and Eastern Europe, were encouraged to populate the West. ○​ Who Was Excluded? Chinese immigrants faced the Head Tax....

Grade 10 History Exam Review Sheet (Expanded) Unit 1: 1870–1914 ​ Immigration ○​ Who Came? European settlers, especially from Britain, Ireland, and Eastern Europe, were encouraged to populate the West. ○​ Who Was Excluded? Chinese immigrants faced the Head Tax. Black immigrants and South Asians were discouraged or rejected through policies and societal racism. ○​ Africville: Black community in Nova Scotia forcibly removed in the 1960s as part of urban redevelopment. ○​ Push and Pull Factors: Poverty and lack of opportunity in Europe (push); promises of free land in Canada (pull). ​ Residential Schools ○​ Established in the 1870s to assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture. ○​ Forced removal from families, physical and emotional abuse, and loss of Indigenous languages and traditions. ○​ Long-term impacts: Intergenerational trauma and calls for reconciliation. ​ Sir John A. Macdonald ○​ First Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891). ○​ National Policy: Encouraged immigration and railway construction. ○​ Controversies: Advocated for residential schools and restrictive policies against Indigenous peoples and Chinese immigrants. ​ Treatment of Immigrants ○​ Racism towards non-European groups. ○​ Immigrants were often given the most dangerous or low-paying jobs, such as railway construction. ​ Technology ○​ Growth of railways (e.g., Canadian Pacific Railway) helped connect Canada coast-to-coast. ○​ Industrialization led to more factories, urbanization, and innovations like electric lighting. Unit 2: 1914–1918 (World War I) ​ MANIA: Causes of WWI ○​ Militarism: Building up armed forces (e.g., Germany’s naval expansion). ○​ Alliances: Triple Entente (France, Britain, Russia) vs. Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy). ○​ Nationalism: Ethnic groups (e.g., Serbs) wanting independence.  ○​ Imperialism: Competition over colonies. ○​ Assassination: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary killed in Sarajevo (1914). ​ Major Battles ○​ Ypres (1915): First use of chemical warfare (chlorine gas). ○​ Somme (1916): Over a million casualties; Canadians gained recognition despite heavy losses. ○​ Vimy Ridge (1917): Canadians captured a key ridge; viewed as a defining moment of Canadian identity. ​ Trench Warfare ○​ Defensive strategy with trenches, barbed wire, and "no man’s land." ○​ Diseases (trench foot, lice) and psychological trauma (shell shock) were common. ​ The Halifax Explosion (1917): ○​ Collision between two ships in Halifax Harbor (one carrying explosives) caused the largest non-nuclear explosion. ​ Role of Women ○​ Women joined the workforce (factories, munitions plants) and served as nurses overseas. ○​ Led to increased demand for women’s suffrage. ​ Treaty of Versailles (1919): ○​ Blamed Germany for the war (war guilt clause). ○​ Imposed reparations and territorial losses on Germany. ○​ Created the League of Nations but failed to prevent future conflict. Unit 3: 1918–1939 (Interwar Years) ​ Suffragette Movement: ○​ Women like Nellie McClung fought for voting rights. ○​ In 1916, Manitoba became the first province to grant women suffrage. ​ Winnipeg General Strike (1919): ○​ Workers demanded better wages, hours, and conditions. ○​ Ended with "Bloody Saturday," where two workers were killed by police. ​ Stock Market Crash (1929): ○​ Caused by speculation and buying stocks on margin. ○​ Led to the Great Depression. ​ Life During the Depression ○​ Mass unemployment (30% at its peak). ○​ Relief camps set up for single men, offering low wages and poor living conditions. ○​ "Riding the Rails": Many unemployed traveled by train looking for work. ​ The Dust Bowl: ○​ Severe drought and dust storms in the Prairies ruined crops and forced many farmers to abandon their land.  ​ The Jazz Age (1920s): ○​ Cultural revolution with jazz music, flappers (young women rejecting traditional norms), and a more carefree lifestyle. Unit 4: 1939–2022 (World War II and Beyond) ​ Hitler’s Rise to Power: ○​ Blamed Treaty of Versailles for Germany’s struggles. ○​ Used propaganda, public speaking, and promises of economic recovery. ​ Blitzkrieg: ○​ German military tactic involving fast-moving forces and overwhelming power (e.g., invasion of Poland, 1939). ​ Major Canadian Battles in WWII ○​ Dunkirk (1940): Canadian and Allied troops evacuated under heavy German fire. ○​ Dieppe (1942): Failed raid; taught valuable lessons for future operations. ○​ D-Day (1944): Canadians liberated Juno Beach in the Normandy invasion. ​ Japanese Internment: ○​ After Pearl Harbor (1941), Japanese Canadians were forcibly relocated and placed in camps. ​ The Holocaust: ○​ Nazi-led genocide targeting Jews, Romani, disabled individuals, and others. Six million Jews were murdered. ​ The Cold War (1945–1991): ○​ Ideological conflict between the U.S. (capitalism) and the Soviet Union (communism). ○​ Key events: NATO formation, nuclear arms race, Cuban Missile Crisis (1962). ​ The Quiet Revolution (1960s): ○​ Period of social and political change in Quebec. ○​ Strengthened Quebec nationalism and secularization of society.