Gender and Society Introduction PDF

GENDER AND SOCIETY Introduction Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  1 SOCIETY BEFORE GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT as male or female, man or woman, and boy or girl as Gender role assignment, gender bias or gender dis...

GENDER AND SOCIETY Introduction Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  1 SOCIETY BEFORE GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT as male or female, man or woman, and boy or girl as Gender role assignment, gender bias or gender discrimination are simply inaccurate, non-conventional, and even non-exclusive trait generalisations of the male and female. has individual desires, thoughts, and feelings, regardless of their gender Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  HERE ARE SOME EXAMPLES TO SIMPLIFY ON HOW 2 SOCIETY WORKS BEFORE GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT WAS FORMED (GAINS IN GENDER MAINSTREAMING: THE PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE, 2006): work in SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, and, have CLEAN JOBS such as SECRETARIES, other TECHNICAL FIELDS TEACHERS, and LIBRARIANS IN CHARGE; always at the TOP to MAKE LESS MONEY than men do DIRTY JOBS such as CONSTRUCTION to COOK and do HOUSEWORK and MECHANICS responsible for RAISING CHILDREN tell their wives WHAT TO DO NEVER in charge LAZY and/or MESSY SUBMISSIVE DOMINANT Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1945 United Nations Charter of 1945 Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 established the first official worldwide recognition of women’s equality and non- discrimination on the basis on sex. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1960's women’s reproductive roles seen as wives and mothers access to food, contraceptives, nutrition and health care. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1970's & 1980's a new paradigm shift domestic sphere of women’s role as wives and mothers onto the global stage where the role of women was promoted as vital aid for every economic development. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1970's & 1980's First World Conference for Women held in Mexico 1974 UN decade for women “76-85” Promotion of the Women In Development (WID) approach women’s right to development, recognition of women’s economic role in national economies and, most significantly, gave a voice to women in developing countries. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1970's & 1980's WID applied in the 70’s were that they fell short of improving unequal relationships unsustainable as development projects failed to consider the multiple roles carried out by women, leading to a development model that in the end disadvantaged women. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1970's & 1980's developed with the idea of improving the development model “removing disparities in social, economic, and political balances between women and men as a pre-condition for achieving people-centered development” (GWA, 2006:11). Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1970's & 1980's Gender and Development developed as an alternative to the Women in Development (WID) approach GAD applies gender analysis to uncover the ways in which men and women work together, presenting results in neutral terms of economics and competence. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  5 GENDER AND Gender roles DEVELOPMENT: social construction of Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 identities within the TWO MAJOR household. FRAMEWORKS expectations from ‘maleness and femaleness’ Gender Roles Social relations analysis Social Relations social dimensions of hierarchical power relations Analysis. influence on ‘the relative position of men and women in society.  GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: 4 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1990's struggling to be clearly set into the development agenda Millennium Development Goals. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  4 HOW GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION HAS EVOLVED THROUGH THE CENTURY. social development recognizing the mutual and complementary roles of both sexualities regardless of gender orientation to the total human development. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  5 GENDER: A SOCIAL REALITY Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 1 GENDER is evidently a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION (Schneider, Gruman & Coutts, 2005). 2 GENDER IDENTITY can be AFFECTED by various social factors. 3 ONE’S GENDER IDENTITY can be INFLUENCE from the ethnic origin of the group, their traditional practices, mores, and beliefs.  CONFUSE OR MISUSE THE TERMS 5 GENDER AND SEX Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 1 GENDER refers to one’s personal orientation. 2 SEX refers to the biological distinction of being male and female (Schneider, Gruman & Coutts, 2005). 3 Gender is more than a mental construct but a tangible structural feature of society. To make the distinction clearer one could consider that we INHERENT THE SEX but we LEARN OUR GENDER (Boss, 2008).  NEGATIVE TREATMENTS TOWARDS 5 OTHER PEOPLE BASED ON THEIR SEX Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 1 SEXISM refers to any bias against an individual or group based on the individual's or group's sex (Schneider, Gruman & Coutts, 2005, p.340). 2 Gender discrimination is a term or behavior associated with sexism against an individual as indicative stereotyped beliefs. 3 Stereotypes are baseless assumptions about the characteristics, attributes, and behaviours. (Schneider, Gruman & Coutts, 2005). discrimination against women in several countries around the world such as in Arab countries, Africa and India have not changed much and women are still considered a minority. (Henslin, 2006).  NEGATIVE TREATMENTS TOWARDS 5 OTHER PEOPLE BASED ON THEIR SEX Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 The idea of SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF GENDER SEES SOCIETY , not biological sex differences, as the basis for gender identity (Anderson, Logio & Taylor, 2005). FAMILY, which is the first agent of socialization and learning gender identity. MEDIA, influenced gender identity. For instance children are constantly bombarded with shows depicting gender stereotype models CHURCH, religious beliefs and attitudes have a serious impact on gender identity and in many cases promote stereotype beliefs against women and lead to gender discrimination. Also, Gender social construction may seen in WORKPLACE, ACADEME, POLITICS & VIOLENCE  6 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT MAINSTREAMING integrating gender into development planning in all sectors of society it include the concept of gender as compared with sex, and the concept of mainstreaming or integration itself. DEVELOPMENT is the sustained capacity to achieve a better life. having a better life means members have a higher life expectancy and enjoy a higher quality of life. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  QUALITY OF LIFE INOLVES 6 The CAPACITY TO DO The CAPACITY TO BE Underlying these capacities is the freedom of choice DEVELOPMENT AIMS AT THE FULFILMENT OF THREE (3) BASIC HUMAN NEEDS: 1. The ability to provide for basic necessities; 2. The ability to become persons with identity, dignity and self-worth; and 3. The ability to exercise freedom and responsibility. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  7 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) refers to the development perspective and process that is an approach and participatory and empowering, practice perspective equitable, sustainable, free should be carried out from violence, respectful of by all, especially human rights, supportive of self-determination and those working in the actualization of human government. potential. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  THE RATIONALE OF THE 8 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IS GENERALLY SUMMED UP THROUGH THE FOLLOWING: 1. COMPLIANCE The General Appropriations Act (GAA) states that our government should have a GAD Program to which at least 5% of an agency’s total budget should be allotted. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  THE RATIONALE OF THE 8 GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT IS GENERALLY SUMMED UP THROUGH THE FOLLOWING: 2. COMMITMENT. The Philippines is committed internationally by virtue of being a signatory in the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) or otherwise known as the International Bill on Rights of Women. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  8 PHILIPPINES IS COMMITTED TO GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article II. Section 14 “The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and shall promote FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before the law of women and men.” Magna Carta of Women (MCW) – R.A. 9710 Establishes the Philippine government’s pledge of commitment to the CEDAW - particularly in defining gender discrimination, state obligations, substantive equality, and temporary special measures. Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE 10 COMMITMENT TO THE UNDERDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 through the development goals or plan MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG) – 2000-2015. 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop global partnership for development.  10 WHAT HAS BEEN ACHIEVED SO FAR? Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG) – 2000-2015. “The millennium development goals have targeted eight key areas – poverty, education, gender equality, child mortality, maternal health, disease, and the environment and global partnership. Each goal is supported by 21 specific targets and more than 60 indicators.” Looking at MDG 3, about two- thirds of developing countries have achieved gender parity in primary education.  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE 10 COMMITMENT TO THE UNDERDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) 2016 – 2030 1. No poverty. 2. Zero hunger. 3. Good health and well-being. 4. Quality education. 5. Gender equality. 6. Clean water and sanitation. 7. Affordable and clean energy. 8. Decent work and economic growth. 9. Industry innovation and infrastructure. 10. Reduced inequalities. 11. Sustainable cities and communities 12. Responsible consumption and production. 13. Climate action 14. Life below water. 15. Life on land. 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions. 17. Partnerships for the goals.  DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAVE 10 COMMITMENT TO THE UNDERDEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN (2011 – 2016, THEN PDP 2017 – 2022) PDP has three pillars: Malasakit or enhancing the social fabric, Pagbabago or inequality-reducing transformation, and Patuloy na Pag-unlad or increasing growth potential. The PDP 2017-2022 is the first of the four phrases in achieving the goals of Ambisyon 2040. THE RATIONALE OF THE GENDER AND 8 DEVELOPMENT IS GENERALLY SUMMED UP THROUGH THE FOLLOWING: 3. OBLIGATION Gender and Development is an obligation of the government. Development that is national and has a government that advocates: Good governance; Inclusive growth; Quality, equitable, culture-based, and complete basic education; and Gender equality Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 Department of Social Sciences - CAS | 2024 THANK YOU Presented By : Adeline Palmerston