Gentry Rome Slideshow PDF

Time Period: C. 1000 B.C.E.–c. 476 C.E. Rome - successor to Greece Modeled self after Greece Similar architecture and religion Big difference: Greece never united, Rome became a major EMPIRE Mythical Origins of Rome Geography NO LECTURE NOTES - SEE PAGE 3  Religion Polytheistic...

Time Period: C. 1000 B.C.E.–c. 476 C.E. Rome - successor to Greece Modeled self after Greece Similar architecture and religion Big difference: Greece never united, Rome became a major EMPIRE Mythical Origins of Rome Geography NO LECTURE NOTES - SEE PAGE 3  Religion Polytheistic Many Western civilization’s symbols, metaphors, words, come from ancient Roman mythology. Symbols and images in Literature, arts, and architecture Based on Greek mythology Jupiter Roman version of Zeus God of thunder and sky, King of the gods Juno Roman version of Hera Goddess of marriage, queen of the gods Apollo Roman version of Apollo (wow) God of sun, archery, poetry/music, medicine Diana Roman version of Artemis Goddess of moon, hunting Minerva Roman version of Athena Goddess of wisdom and battle strategy Venus Roman version of Aphrodite Goddess of love and beauty Think: why would a women’s razor brand be called “venus”? Mars Roman version of Ares God of war Rome: Economy, Social, and Political Structure No warm-up, just prep for notes Economy/Infrastructure Agriculture ○ Food surplus led to job specialization & trading Trade & Commerce across Mediterranean  Social Patricians ○ Wealthy individuals/landowners (few in number) ○ Could hold public offices Plebeians ○ Majority of population ○ Poorer individuals, could not hold office ○ Peasants, laborers, artisans, merchants, farmers  Social Women ○ excluded from the governing process ○ VERY limited rights Foreigners ○ (non-Romans living in the Republic) ○ most were excluded from the governing process Slaves ○ Not based on race ○ Slaves were prisoners of war, born to enslaved parents, or who failed to repay their loans and debts ○ Excluded from the governing process Political Rome’s Stages of Government 753 509 27 476 BCE BCE BCE CE MONARCHY REPUBLIC EMPIRE ______________ ______________________ ________________________ Political 600 B.C.E.- Etruscans ruled under a monarchy Political 509 B.C.E.-27 B.C.E.- Patricians overthrew monarchy and established a Republic/Repre- sentative Democracy Political What is a republic or representative democracy? A government in which citizens elect representatives to make laws/rules. Political WHO WAS CONSIDERED A CITIZEN? ○ Patrician and plebeian men ○ Selected foreigners RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS ○ Taxes ○ military service Political c. 494 B.C.E.-200 B.C.E.- Plebeians slowly increased their power in the republic through strikes and demands. ○ 494 B.C.E- Strike ○ Struggle known as Conflict of Orders Political Twelve Tables ○ Laws of Rome ○ Tried to have laws applied fairly across all social classes ○ “Innocent until proven guilty” Roman Republic Chart - packet page 5 1. Use the reading to fill out the chart on page 5 2. Answer the question at the end - be sure to explain why!! PUNIC WARS!  The Punic Wars: The Wars that Made Rome Roman Republic expanding out of Italy - major obstacle: Carthage 264 BC - 146 BC Rome fought three wars against Carthage (aka the Phoenician empire) These wars are called The Punic Wars  Causes both Rome and Carthage were both growing and competing for control over the Mediterranean region Both sides want to be able to control territory and trade all around the Mediterranean  The Punic Wars First Punic War: Rome and Carthage fought over Sicily Result: Rome Wins Second Punic War: Carthage invaded Rome for payback. A Carthaginian general named Hannibal invaded Italy by going over the Alps with elephants. However, it's not enough. Result: Rome Wins Third Punic War, Rome takes it to Carthage, aiming to wipe them off the map. The city is eventually destroyed by the Romans, and the ground is salted so nothing can ever grow there again. Result: Rome Wins Key People Hannibal - Carthaginian general Scipio - Roman general, key in the Second Punic War Cato - Roman statesman who advocated for complete destruction of Carthage in Third Punic Wars Results Three Roman victories Carthage is destroyed Rome expands trade network/land acquisition and increases wealth Rome dominates Mediterranean basin with NAVY! spreading /diffusion of Roman culture throughout Mediterranean INDIRECTLY Leads to Fall of the Republic, Rise of Empire What are we working on? 1. Unit 5 Study Guide - due day of test a. Work on this a little bit every day! Do not wait until the last minute! b. You do not need complete sentences, just complete answers! c. Use class materials - not the internet - tll me where you found the information (class notes? Packet page #, video, reading, etc.) 2. Study for quiz next class- maps, geography, religion, econ, social, political/Roman Republic  The First Triumvirate  Background: Rome began expanding after Punic Wars -> issues with governing large territory -> end of the republic Rome’s territory after the Punic Wars  1. Rich getting richer , poor getting The Problems: poorer a. New territory = new tax revenue for Patricians 2. Government Corruption 3. Unemployment a. The rich take over poor farm lands and use slave labor (Latifundia System), leaving lower class farmers out of work. Many flee to the cities in search of work.  The Solution: What is a Triumvirate? The 1st Triumvirate Rule by 3 people, a more specific form of an Oligarchy Members of the 1st Triumvirate - All famous Military Generals Pompey Julius Caesar Crassus 1st Triumvirate continued... Crassus: dies fighting a war in the Asia Minor Pompey : Stays in Rome , Leads the Republic Caesar: Takes over much of Gaul (Present day France) and Britain ○ Gets super popular because of this Pompey and Caesar Pompey and the Roman Senate order DRAMA!!! Caesar to disband his military and return to Rome. Caesar says NO! And crosses the Rubicon River into Rome with his Army. Pompey and his followers in the Senate flee Rome but are tracked down by Caesar and defeated. The Senate, now under Caesar’s control, declares him “Dictator for Life”  Julius Caesar, What did he do as Dictator for life? Dictator for Life ○ Gave land and jobs to the poor ○ Offered citizenship to conquered people ○ Created the Julian Calendar , ○ Falls in love with Cleopatra of Egypt and creates an alliance with Egypt Caesar’s Fall: Members of the Senate worried Caesar would make himself emperor and destroy the Roman Senate 44 BCE, several Senators assassinated Caesar We should totally just stab Caesar! Second Triumvirate/Rise of the Empire  Lepidus : Old, a former advisor to Julius Caesar. The 2nd Triumvirate Removed from power by Octavian. Marc Antony : Powerful military mind. Falls in love with Cleopatra. Octavian : Julius Caesar’s adopted son. Wealthy and ambitious.  Marc Antony and Octavian go to war for total power of Marc “The Shark” Rome - Octavian wins in 31 Antony vs. Octavian BC Marc Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide together when they finally accept defeat. Octavian becomes Augustus Caesar Octavian becomes Rome’s 1st Emperor ->Augustus Caesar THE ROMAN REPUBLIC IS DEAD AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE HAS BEGUN. Roman Empire and Pax Romana  From Republic to Empire Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic Spread of slavery in the agricultural system Migration of small farmers into cities; unemployment Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar Devaluation of Roman currency; inflation First & Second Triumvirate Julius Caesar: Seizure of power, assassination Imperial Rome 27 B.C.E. -Augustus Caesar- Rome’s first emperor Empire: Unified and enlarged, using imperial authority and the military Failed to provide for peaceful succession of emperors Rome became an extremely large empire that controlled the Mediterranean Roman Empire At Its Height You should be able to identify this map as Rome at its height! What countries that you recognize are included as part of this map?  Pax Romana 27 B.C.E.- 180 C.E. AKA Roman Peace ○ Known for economic prosperity and territorial expansion as well. Peace came at a price, NOT all emperors were good.  Impact of Pax Romana Economic Social Political · Established uniform · Returned stability system of money, · Created a civil service which helped to to social classes · Developed a uniform expand trade · Increased rule of law · Guaranteed safe travel emphasis on the and trade on Roman roads family · Promoted prosperity and stability Rome and Christianity Origins of Christianity Abrahamic Religion - closely related to Judaism Began during the Roman empire in occupied Judea Beliefs: ○ One God ○ Bible is word of God ○ Jesus is Messiah/son of God ○ Life after death (heaven) through faith in God/Jesus Fall of Rome (Western Empire) To Fall or Not to Fall Over a 300-year period, the western part of the Roman Empire steadily declined because of internal and external problems. Decline of Roman Empire 192 C.E.-337 C.E. Reformers-Slowed the Decline of Rome ○ Diocletian (Emperor 284 C.E.) Divided Empire into two part (East and West) Tried to fix economy with price and wage control (failed) and persecuted Christians ○ Constantine Sole Emperor 324 C.E. Supported Christianity - Edict of Milan Created new capital in the East called Constantinople (Greek city of Byzantium) Two Empires Western-became weaker Eastern- became stronger  Fall of the Western Roman Empire- 476 C.E. (A.D) Geographic size: Difficulty of defense and administration Economy: The cost of defense and devaluation of Roman currency, high inflation and high taxes Military: Increasing reliance on foreigners to serve in and to lead the Roman army Diseases: Declining Roman populations as a result of epidemic diseases Political & social problems: Civil conflict and weak administration Invasion: Germanic migrations and settlement The Western Roman Empire officially ended 476 CE, when Emperor Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the Germanic King Odoacer. Eastern Roman Empire... becomes Byzantine Empire and lasts until 1453!!!!!! Achievements Conquests and trade spread Roman cultural and technological achievements throughout the Roman Empire. Western civilization was influenced by the cultural achievements of ancient Rome. Achievements Below are the LINKS to complete the achievements worksheet - this will go in your notes! Not turned in! You are responsible for all info! ROADS THE AQUEDUCTS THE PUBLIC BATHS ASTRONOMY (Video) THE PANTHEON THE COLOSSEUM THE FORUM POETRY (Video)  THE PANTHEON THE COLOSSEUM ROADS THE AQUEDUCTS Aqueducts PUBLIC BATHS TWELVE TABLES THE FORUM ASTRONOMY (Video) POETRY (Video) Fall of Rome Showdown! Now that we have learned the different reasons for the fall of Rome, it’s time to look at them each in depth and determine what we think was the biggest factor that lead to the fall of Rome Open the “Fall of Rome Classwork” assignment - compare two reasons at a time, read the additional sources (if provided) and then decide which of the two you think MOST contributed to the fall of Rome At the end of each “group” you will pick one reason from that group, eventually you will come up with which reason you think MOST contributed to the fall of Rome overall In the last ~ 30 minutes of class, we will compare answers with the short answer game Political 27 B.C.E. Republic becomes an EMPIRE! Political 476 C.E. The WESTERN Roman Empire came to an end!