GECE-4 Midterm Exam - PDF

Technology - It includes advancements in communication The main features of First Generation are: and how information is handled, thus enabling governments,  Vacuum tube technology organizations, industries, and ordinary individuals to...

Technology - It includes advancements in communication The main features of First Generation are: and how information is handled, thus enabling governments,  Vacuum tube technology organizations, industries, and ordinary individuals to  Unreliable improve on their decision-making, business processes, and  Supported Machine language only everyday  Very costly living.  Generate a lot of heat  Slow Input/output device Information and Communications Technology (ICT) -  Huge size Related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of  Non-portable information and various types of electronically mediated  Consumed a lot of electricity communication. Second Generation - 1956- 1963. IT versus ICT - This generation using the transistor was cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable ICT - It is the technology that supports activities involving and faster information such as gathering, processing, storing, and presenting data. The main features of Second Generation are: IT (Information Technology) - It pertains to the industry  Use of transistors that involves computers, software, networking, and other IT  Reliable as compared to First generation computers infrastructure to help relay or manage information important  Smaller size as compared to First generation in modern-day living as seen primarily in large companies computers or corporations.  Generate less heat as compared to First generation computers Breakdown of ICT  Consumed less electricity as compared to First generation computers 1. Information - It refers to the knowledge obtained from  Faster than first-generation computers reading, investigation, study, or research.  Still very costly - It is a processed data.  Support machine and assembly languages - It is needed to make decisions and to foresee the future. Third Generation - 1963-1971. Knowledge - It is a processed information. - The third generation of computer is marked by the use of - It helps fulfill daily tasks. Integrated Circuits (IC's) in place of transistors. - A single IC has many transistors, resistors and apacitors 2. Communication - It is an act of transmitting messages. along with the associated circuitry. - It is a process in which information is exchanged - The IC was invented by Jack Kilby. between individuals through verbal and non-verbal means. The main features of Third Generation are: 3. Technology - It has made communication much easier  IC used and faster through telephones, fax machines, mobile  More reliable devices, and the internet.  Smaller size - It has also made broadcasting of information more  Generate less heat effective.  Faster  Lesser maintenance Evolution of Technology  Still costly  Consumed lesser electricity Tool - Machines - Computers - Automation (It is the  Support high-level language technique of making an apparatus, a process, or a system operate automatically) Fourth Generation - 1971-2010. Computer Types and Generations - The fourth generation of computers is marked by the use of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits. Generation - in computer terminology is a change in - became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. technology a computer is/was being used. As a result, it gave rise to personal computer (PC) -It includes both hardware and software, which together revolution. make up an entire computer system. The main features of Fourth Generation are: First Generation - 1940 - 1956. - started with using vacuum tubes as the basic components  VLSI technology used for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit).  Very cheap - These tubes like electric bulbs produced a lot of heat and  Portable and reliable were prone to the frequent fusing of the installations,  Use of PC's - very expensive and could be afforded only by very large  Very small size organizations.  Pipeline processing  Concept of the internet was introduced  Great developments in the fields of networks Examples of Output Devices:  Computers became easily available - Speaker Fifth Generation - 2010 to present. - impact printer - non - impact printer - the VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of Inkjet - uses ink microprocessor chips having ten million electronic - bright colors/images components. - homes/home offices - This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. Laser - uses toner - clear sharp images/text Artificial Intelligence includes: - offices Types of Monitor  Robotics  Neural networks - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)  Game Playing - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)  Development of expert systems to make decisions in - LED (Light-Emitting Diode) real-life situations. - Touch screen  Natural language understanding and eneration. - OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) - DLP (Digital Light Processing) The main features of Fifth Generation are: - TFT (Thin-film Transistor) - Plasma Screen Monitor  ULSI technology  Development of true artificial intelligence 3. System Unit - It is the enclosure composed of the main  Development of Natural language processing elements of a computer that are used to administer data.  Advancement in Parallel Processing - This houses all the electronic parts of the Central  Advancement in Superconductor technology Processing Unit (CPU).  More user-friendly interfaces with multimedia features  Availability of very powerful and compact computers at 4. Storage Devices - This pertains to hardware cheaper rates components capable of saving information momentarily or permanently. Some computer types of this generation are:  Magnetic Storage Devices  Desktop  Laptop - Floppy diskettes  NoteBook - Hard drive  UltraBook - Magnetic tape  ChromeBook  Optical Storage Devices Hardware - It pertains to components that are physically installed to a personal computer or anything that is - Blu-ray Disc connected to it. - Compact Disc (CD) - These are collection of parts that users can physically - Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc (DVD) touch.  Flash Memory Devices Components of a Personal Computer Software - This is commonly abbreviated as SW and S/W. 1. Input Devices - This pertains to any peripheral that - It is a collection of instructions that enable the user to allows the user to input data into the computer. interact with a computer, its hardware, or perform tasks. - It enables the user to interact and control the computer. Categories of Software Examples of Input Devices: System Software - It is the software required to run the - keyboard hardware parts of the computer and other application - mouse software. - trackball - touch pad or track pad  Operating System - It is responsible for functioning - microphone of all hardware parts and their interoperability to carry - scanner out tasks successfully. - digital camera - pc video camera  Language Processor - It converts source code to object or machine code which is the set of instructions 2. Output Devices - These are peripherals that in machine readable form. receive data from a computer.  Device Drivers - It controls and monitors functioning - These data are usually for display or reproduction. of a specific device on computer Application Software - It is a type of computer program Smartphones - These are hand-held telephones which that performs a specific personal, educational, and can do things that computers can do, including browsing business function. and searching the internet and even playing console games. -word processing applications -graphic and design applications Wearables - These include fitness trackers and -spreadsheet applications smartwatches that can be worn throughout the day. -computer game applications -web browsers Smart TVs - These are the latest television sets that -web development applications include applications present in computers. -presentation applications Digital Age, Information Age, and Computer Age Utility Software - It is the software that assist system software in doing their work. Characterized by: the shift from traditional industry to information technology-based economy  Antivirus software -by the digital industry creating a knowledge-based society  Backup tools surrounded by a high-tech global economy  File Compression tools  Disk management tools Media in the Digital Age How do you get Software? ‣ Media - It refers to the means of communication that - Can be downloaded to a computer over the Internet. uses unique tools to interconnect among people. - Can be purchased at a retail computer store or online The Message - Media is considered to be the message Free Software itself for those who create and own the rights of content. ‣ The forms of content can be user-generated or  Shareware professionally-produced.  Freeware  Open source software User-Generated Content (UGC) - It is created and owned by the users of a system. Why are computers powerful? - Speed The Medium - This refers to the tool or tools used in - Reliability and Consistency sending a message from the source to the destination. - Accuracy - Communication The Messenger - This is the one who delivers the message. *** General Classifications of Computers ‣ It may also refer to social network users who create content themselves but are not professional journalists. Personal Computer - It is a small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. Trend - It refers to something hip or popular at a certain point of time. Workstation - It is a powerful, single-user computer. - It can be a particular style in fashion, devices, or entertainment. Minicomputer - It is a multi-user computer capable of - A new trend may always come along to replace the old supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously. one. Mainframe - It is a powerful multi-user computer capable of *Technology trends tend to change as time goes by. supporting hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. *Technology is bound to upgrade itself every two years (Moore’s Law) Supercomputer - It is an extremely fast computer that can *As computing power increases, cost is expected to perform millions of instructions per second. proportionally go down. *Aside from cost, sizes of hardware have also decreased in Types of Computers making devices such as smartphones, more useful and dependable. Desktop computers - These are computers designed to be placed on a desk, and are normally made up of a few Seven Major Trends in 2017 different parts, including the computer case, central (based on an article from Forbes.com, DeMers (2016) processing unit (CPU), monitor, keyboard, and mouse.  Internet of Things and smart home technology Laptop computers - These are battery-powered computer  Augmented reality and virtual reality devices whose portability makes them possible to use  Machine learning almost  Automation anytime, anywhere.  Big data  Physical-digital integrations Tablet computers - These are hand-held computers with  Everything on demand touch-sensitive screen for typing and navigation.