Ja'far ibn Hayyan: A History of Arab Thought (PDF)

¥ 73ÿŸ¡$ÿ¤ 9ž34ÿ&$ÿ£ ›41œ4ÿ&$ÿ¢ 7 ÿ«)$ (©ªÿ( %9734 ¦7§¨34 01234 &&¦34 34ÿ2 34ÿ!"#7$ 01234ÿ6789 9...

¥ 73ÿŸ¡$ÿ¤ 9ž34ÿ&$ÿ£ ›41œ4ÿ&$ÿ¢ 7 ÿ«)$ (©ªÿ( %9734 ¦7§¨34 01234 &&¦34 34ÿ2 34ÿ!"#7$ 01234ÿ6789 9 4ÿ6789 %7&'ÿ(ÿ7) 784ÿ34 7234 *+,-./012ÿ40+5/6ÿ789 :-./;ÿ?-ÿ@6ÿ=ABCÿD2ÿEFGÿ@HÿI/+Jÿ@Hÿ=H/Kÿ8LMN6ÿ/HCÿOCÿD2ÿEFGÿ/HCÿPQ1 R+Jÿ@6OÿST=AU12ÿR+Jÿ@6ÿI=0V-ÿ4WM2ÿIXYÿSZ/W[Q12ÿ@6ÿ\H=Q12ÿ=]Q12ÿ\Yÿ^[Q12 _/0M`2ÿ4+Yÿa/bÿEV1OÿSI2=WQ12OÿT./cd12ÿe2O.ÿ@6ÿZ/WfQ12ÿZ/WMgHÿhY/i12ÿ=j`2 klLmMN12ÿIO=V12ÿ\YÿZ/+W+n12ÿ:-./;oÿp/0>ÿqJ/rOÿsNtu=v12ÿw1xW12ÿlN[+;=Ho SymiW12ÿ:-./;ÿ\Yÿz+1/{NmM.Cÿ^M2ÿ*1|i6ÿZ/+W+n12ÿ:-./;ÿ\Yÿa|i-ÿ4WM2ÿI}~ 4WM/HÿI=0V;ÿ*+W[GÿEG2NbÿZ/+W+n12ÿ^[Q1ÿhOÿ@6ÿaOCÿlN[+;=HoÿEiGÿ2=€H/KÿIgnY /+uE12ÿ:-./;ÿ\Y p/0nHÿ=A0B2Oÿ‚ƒ„ƒÿl=F+Koÿ^M/Hÿ\i+;†12ÿ^1/Q12ÿ\YÿI/+Jÿ@Hÿ=H/Kÿ‡=GÿEV1O IgHÿle./+W1N5oÿ*j/dF12ÿaNV-OÿSˆ‰ŠŠ‹ÿƒŽƒ‘’“‘”ÿ^M/Hÿ*+i+;†12ÿ\Yÿ‡=G ^1/Q12ÿ\Yÿ=H/•1ÿI}CÿL[GÿSl–1/,12oÿLWtW12ÿ=H/Kÿp/0>ÿ@Gÿ_N—g6ÿp/0n12ÿ2?5 p/0n12ÿ2?5ÿI}Cÿ=+˜ÿSl=F+Koÿ4uNY=Q-ÿ@6ÿL1~ÿ*HNtiW12ÿ™/v1xW12ÿ@6ÿ2=€+š>ÿ\i+;†12 01ÿ3456ÿ78ÿ79 ÿ4 ÿ79ÿ4ÿÿÿÿ ÿ79ÿ!ÿ"4# $ÿ%49&'ÿ()5ÿ01ÿ79*!ÿ+5,ÿ-".ÿ/0ÿ14,92ÿ34 ÿ0956ÿ35 7ÿ4 ÿÿ7,8ÿ/0ÿ199!("2ÿ.4'ÿ7:ÿ;8ÿ);#ÿ! -:ÿ?@ÿÿ14,92ÿ34 ÿ0956ÿ35ÿ01ÿ3 45!ÿA95ÿ("ÿ9B C*8ÿ7ÿC4,0ÿÿ3 45ÿ0"ÿ49&'ÿ34Dÿ$ÿE9956ÿ01ÿE(F!  ÿ04ÿ35 GE,Fÿ045ÿ6H I6ÿ01ÿ9Bÿ7ÿ4 ÿJ ÿ1%4Kÿ78ÿ0L2ÿM969!ÿ78Lÿ4>ÿ01 78ÿ4"NÿE:84,ÿEFBÿEHÿÿ@ÿ9/Oÿ01ÿ/9#4ÿ"ÿE9; (>56ÿ(@ÿE:84,ÿ'ÿeP79!F!ÿE9;ÿA8ÿ3 ÿ>55ÿ/#ÿ@ÿAÿA5494 9ÿA(4/6ÿ35ÿQRÿ(O6ÿ(@ÿ49,@ÿ9!ÿ4 39 ÿA9ÿ750ÿ0ÿC T!ÿ78ÿ49L@ÿ1U(;2ÿA@ÿ01ÿ4 ÿ4@.ÿ/> V652ÿA@ÿ01ÿ4 ÿE!45ÿ01ÿ0W>ÿ=(>6ÿG35ÿR"ÿC6X58ÿ01 S9!9:ÿ3ÿ!94DÿY/ÿ01ÿE5ZRÿ[(5ÿ\ 41ÿ01ÿ]4ÿA$ÿ^ i1S!:T  78ÿ@ÿA'ÿP_65ÿ4` ÿ-Wÿ35ÿ=O#Dÿ78ÿ-9)ÿAÿ@ÿAÿ4"N G-WÿEHÿ01ÿ?!5ÿS9!9:ÿ35ÿ4>6ÿÿ/5ÿQ.ÿ01ÿaZ $ÿ(/5ÿ0ÿb,4'ÿ78ÿ49L:ÿ9Bÿ7ÿ4 ÿ34ÿI(T5ÿS9#'ÿYR"ÿ?@ ^EF!&ÿS9#ÿ8ÿc>T!1ÿE9;6ÿA9"8ÿ8ÿ4Nÿ?89ÿANR]QR^_ÿ,ÿ[+ÿ,-.45 J#'@&459 F4̀'ÿa]b K0Iÿ&45ÿ,1)MW5ÿF&Iÿ,c=ÿ'ÿB14@9ÿ,9&Iÿd )!45ÿ3eIÿ18ÿ%9ÿ39"ÿI &45ÿ,c/45ÿÿ0Gÿ4>49ÿ70/ÿ0/ÿK 345ÿ8Mÿ(045ÿ%95ÿf0(ÿ%19 BIÿ3&!(ÿÿgh(ÿ\"3Iÿ1)3ÿ0&!(ÿ[ÿ,h=0ÿK 345ÿÿ3I J-' I9ÿ'iÿ!B"3'ÿ>.59ÿ1)3ÿ0&3ÿ04W5ÿjklmnkÿo#")pÿ,'-!45ÿ' &)45ÿH>1'-9ÿÿ39"ÿq18ÿÿFeL9ÿ78&35ÿ&45ÿd:;W5ÿ3Iÿ%'ÿ4 &45ÿ&445ÿd Wÿo R_)139pÿ,"3ÿ'ÿRNHL0ÿEL45ÿÿ845ÿF48ÿ%' 4ÿF0ÿ*)3ÿ,4[rÿ4ÿ9ÿg1LMÿ31ÿ3eI@ÿ(045ÿ%9[ÿK 345ÿ%3ÿ>; %'ÿ1ÿ\=9ÿ'ÿV/L(ÿ4ÿF09ÿ'iÿBI58r+ÿd W5ÿ*!'ÿ580(ÿÿ\:&( J)/45ÿ@:.459ÿs1Lh&45 F14+ÿ,9'ÿd ÿ%4W5ÿK)=ÿ&45ÿ39"ÿ7 4̀'ÿ#Iÿ3I>0ÿÿ0r8ÿ5+ÿ' ,!98ÿ*4+ÿ,/'ÿ,93!45ÿF&Iÿ32ÿÿ3I>0ÿ449ÿ53B1IÿB53ÿ#t6(ÿ4ÿu vA= 7!Yÿ'ÿ0"(ÿ&45ÿ&4459ÿK 345ÿ8Mÿ3Iÿ&45ÿ&445 w J,DL'ÿ7Y:.'ÿ9ÿ,93!' ÿK339ÿE(0L45ÿ93!45ÿ4!45ÿÿ23!ÿ4ÿ&45ÿq86 45ÿF&I w J9989 1/ÿ,@$ÿ-.ÿ(21ÿ1/ÿ:ÿ,-89ÿÿAB5C689ÿ5 +89 F 6D28ÿAE551 603 0ÿ./ÿ12ÿ8ÿ89ÿ5 +89 F 01ÿ3456789ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ01ÿ!ÿ"6ÿ#$8 6ÿ%8&ÿ01ÿ#'89ÿÿ($)$*89ÿ0+8ÿ,6-9ÿ./ÿ01ÿ123ÿ8ÿ4#$ÿ89ÿ5 +89 6#2ÿ70- #53ÿ89ÿ5 +89ÿ-89ÿ589ÿ:&ÿ89ÿ5 +89 (;5*1ÿ41ÿÿ(21ÿ42?? &VVRRÿ/ÿ7L4M435ÿ"31Aÿ5ÿ953Yÿ^3!E ÿ_Y9ÿ67`!ÿ*38ÿ+\ÿ*3ÿBÿa94? 88ÿ6W ÿ73ÿ01ÿ0/.M ÿZ9,ÿ./8ÿ67(C ÿ3MAOÿ*3ÿLÿ9P &RS@Sÿ/ÿ7L4M435ÿN 3(5ÿ71+Oÿ7(2435ÿ7PC RS@Sÿ/ÿ7L4M435ÿN 3(5ÿ71+Oÿ7(2435ÿ7PCÿ8ÿ619ÿ*3ÿ=5S>? &19ÿ*3ÿ35ÿb9!ÿ01ÿ9,ÿB\ÿÿ_Y98 U31Aÿ*3ÿ"85ÿ953Yÿcdÿ(Cÿ35e3ÿ0/.M ÿ9\ÿ6"1' ÿ*3ÿ=5V>? &"1' 7PCÿ8ÿ7]!'4ÿf9Oÿ9gÿ*3ÿÿ_Y9ÿ69Oÿ*3ÿ=56>? 8ÿ9,ÿB\ÿ+ÿ8ÿ6f5QÿU94ÿRXQ56ÿ/ÿ7L4M435gÿ03W9(ÿD'435 03W9(ÿD'4ÿ7L4MÿFY>ÿF[ÿU.Lÿ01ÿ^3LW?'ÿ,-.ÿ/09ÿ@36,3ÿÿ!7"$9 67A2"#ÿ%& )B.C3ÿ09ÿ+3ÿ3D*ÿ%E3ÿF'6*ÿ9G3ÿ%H ÿ D3ÿÿ!77$9 I01ÿ:JÿK?ÿ@7ÿ45Lÿ6MJÿNOPÿRSSTÿSUÿVPWXPVYWZÿ[\]^_ỲW >?'3ÿ:J1ÿ:0*D3ÿ D3ÿF9ÿ01ÿ5678'ÿ( 1ÿa1'3ÿb.C3 cc77ÿ16''ÿHÿdef9ÿ0'gÿh6D9ÿ43603ÿ3DMÿ6=,9ÿ:.=)3 6"7ÿ%& +3ÿ3D*ÿ09ÿh ijÿd16=k9ÿlÿ:m3i=3ÿ5ÿn'Eo3ÿÿ!7A$9 :Jÿ:&53ÿp5ÿqD1ÿ!r77#ÿ%&ÿ:.=)3ÿ>?'3ÿds6e?9ÿtH3$ 0G3ÿ:Jÿa1'3ÿ+3ÿ%E3ÿuk)ÿ+3ÿ3D*1ÿ< =3ÿ)M.ÿ/ vwYRPVÿX\ÿYWxP]yYZ\yYSWPÿzPVUP^yYSWYÿ{4360ÿHÿ|Lÿ6-091 6"r#"0Eÿ50M3ÿ:Jÿa3}6+.Bÿuk.ÿ3ÿÿ!72$9 6< =3ÿ)M.ÿ/ÿ09ÿ09;3ÿ~B3ÿ:Jÿ:&53ÿp5ÿg13ÿÿ!7$9 tJ09ÿÿ4360ÿ2"##ÿ%&ÿ6=,9ÿ0ÿ+9ÿ:JÿtJ0'3ÿÿ!78$9 63 6"r#"0Eÿ50M3ÿ:Jÿa3}6+.Bÿuk.ÿ€)C3ÿÿ!7c$9 ‚ÿ32ÿ ÿXYZ[n ;Mÿ"XPH ÿT./[ÿ?\ÿPHÿBNÿ]J&ÿ^_`abÿdaefdghibfjÿÿM*Rÿd2h6ÿ*ÿ7ÿ"1ÿ1QRÿSOK!ÿ#ÿG/SQ2345 –k‡l^ÿ‡^]j„kj€qÿ—]‡l^kqÿ_lÿkm˜l]„kp]„kYmlÿH/S(™8ÿ4HS8ÿB7