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### Citrate Buffer **Reagents Required:** - Citric Acid: Dissolve 2.101g in 100ml distilled water. - Sodium Citrate Solution (0.1M): Dissolve 2.941g in 100ml distilled water. **Procedure:** 1. Combine 46.5ml of citric acid with 3.5ml of sodium citrate solution. 2. Add distilled water to a f...

### Citrate Buffer **Reagents Required:** - Citric Acid: Dissolve 2.101g in 100ml distilled water. - Sodium Citrate Solution (0.1M): Dissolve 2.941g in 100ml distilled water. **Procedure:** 1. Combine 46.5ml of citric acid with 3.5ml of sodium citrate solution. 2. Add distilled water to a final volume of 100ml. 3. This corresponds to a 0.1M citrate buffer. 4. Standardize the solution with a pH meter. 5. Measure the pH of the prepared solution. 6. The given citrate buffer should have a pH of 2.5. **Result:** - The prepared citrate buffer had a pH of 4.8. - The pH was adjusted to 2.5 using IN HCl and 5N NaOH. ### Carbonate-Bicarbonate Buffer **Reagent Requirement:** - Sodium Carbonate Solution (0.2M): Dissolve 2.12g of anhydrous sodium carbonate in 100ml distilled water.